Exam 4 (Final Exam) Flashcards
(69 cards)
1
Q
Which is not an accessory structure of the digestive system? A) LIVER B) GALLBLADDER C) PANCREAS D) SPLEEN
A
D) SPLEEN
2
Q
Salivary amylase secreted into the oral cavity starts the digestion of: A) PROTEINS B) STARCHES C) LIPIDS D) AMINO ACIDS
A
B) STARCHES
3
Q
The pancreatic duct transports secretions from the pancreas to the: A) STOMACH B) DUODENUM C) LIVER D) COLON
A
B) DUODENUM
4
Q
All of the following are substances found in pancreatic juice except: A) PEPSIN B) TRYPSIN C) AMYLASE D) LIPASE
A
A) PEPSIN
5
Q
Glucose is stored in the deliver as: A) STARCH B) FAT C) GLYCOGEN D) ATP
A
A) STARCH
6
Q
During digestion, proteins are broken down in to molecules of: A) GLUCOSE B) FATTY ACIDS C) AMINO ACIDS D) NUCLEIC ACIDS
A
C) AMINO ACIDS
7
Q
Sperm productive begins in the A) EPIDYMIS B) SEMINFIEROUS TUBULES C) VAS DEFRENS D) EJACULATORY DUCT
A
B) SEMIFEROUS TUBULES
8
Q
The cell produced by fertilization is called: A) GAMETE B) EMBRYO C) FETUS D) ZYGOTE
A
D) ZYGOTE
9
Q
The production of testosterone in the interstitial cells is stimulate by: A) INHIBIN B) LH C) FSH D) PROGESTRONE
A
B) LH
10
Q
Sperm maturation occurs in the: A) SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES B) EPIDIDYMIS C) VAS DEFERENS D) URETHRA
A
B) EPIDIDYMIS
11
Q
The layer of the uterine wall that is shed during menstruation is the: A) ENDOMETRIUM B) MYOMETRIUM C) EPIMETRIUM D) NONE OF THE ABOVE
A
A) ENDOMERTRIUM
12
Q
The hormone that works with estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implantation of the fertilized egg is A) LH B) FSH C) ADH D) PROGESTRONE
A
D) PROGESTRONE
13
Q
The hormone that stimulates uterine contractions is A) OXYTOCIN B) ESTROGEN C) ADH D) PROGESTRONE
A
A) OXYTOCIN
14
Q
The kidneys: A) HELP REGULATE BLOOD VOLUME B) HELP CONTROL BLOOD PRESSURE C) HELP CONTROL pH D) ALL OF THE ABOVE
A
D) ALL OF THE ABOVE
15
Q
The functional unit of the kidney is called a: A) GLOMERULUS B) NEPHRON C) CORPUSCLE D) TUBULE
A
B) NEPHRON
16
Q
Most glucose molecules are reabsorbed in the A) PROMIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES B) DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES C) COLLECTING DUCTS D) LOOP OF HENLE
A
A) PROXIMAL CONVULUTED TUBULES
17
Q
Urine is expelled from the urinary bladder by: A) EXCRETION B) DEFACATION C) MICTURATION D) FILTRATION
A
C) MICTURATION
18
Q
Which of the following hormones increases reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts? A) RENIN B) ADH C) ALDOSTERONE D) INSULIN
A
B) ADH
19
Q
Accessory digestive organs include:
a) the pharynx
b) the gallbladder
c) the esophagus
d) the large intestine
A
B) the gallbladder
20
Q
Digestive enzymes are not secreted into:
a) the esophagus
b) the mouth
c) the small intestine
d) the stomach
A
A) the esophagus
21
Q
The chyme entering the small intestine:
a) is very basic
b) is buffered by pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
c) has not undergone any digestive processes
d) passes through the cardiac spinchter
A
B) is buffered by pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
22
Q
Bile:
a) is synthesized by the gallbladder
b) is stored in hepatic sinusoids
c) is solely comprised of bile salts
d) is required for maximal fat digestion and absorption
A
D) is required for maximal fat digestion and absorption
23
Q
T/F: Mastication = chewing
A
TRUE
24
Q
Movements in the small intestine that churn the materials being digested and mix them with intestinal secretions are called?
a) peristalsis
b) pendular motility
c) segmentation
d) huastral churning
A
C) SEGMENTATION
25
Which term describes the wave of muscular contraction the moves material through the GI tract
A) PERISTALSIS
26
Digestive functions of the tongue include
A) manipulating and mixing ingested materials during chewing
b) help forming a bolus
c) assisting in the swallowing process
d) All of the above
D) ALL OF THE ABOVE
27
Which digestive organ mechanically and chemically transforms a food bolus into chyme?
a) esophagus
b) stomach
c) small intestine
d) large instetine
B) STOMACH
28
What is the function of the villi in the small intestine?
a) to decrease the amount of exposed surface
b) to facilitate enzyme retention and dispersal
c) to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion
d) to sweep particles across the surface with wavelike actions
C) TO INCREASE THE SURFACE AREA FOR ABSORPTION AND SECRETION
29
```
Production of bile is one of several important functions of the:
A) GALLBLADDER
B) LIVER
C) PANCREAS
D) SMALL INTESTINE
```
B) LIVER
30
```
Bile is stored and concentration in the:
A) gallbladder
B) liver
C) biliary apparatus
D) duodenum
```
A) GALLBLADDER
31
```
Which hormones stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate?
A) angiotensin and epinephrine
b) gastrin and insulin
C) CCK and secretin
D) insuline and glucagon
```
C) CCK and Secretin
32
```
Which are accessory digestive organs?:
A) Gallbladder
B) Liver
C) Pancreas
D) Salivary glands
E) all of the above
```
E) all the above
33
Which of the following is NOT a function of the urinary system?
A) removal of waste products from the bloodstream
b) storage and excretion of urine
c) regulation of leukocyte and platelet production
D) regulation of BV, and BP
C) REGULATION OF LEUKOCYTE AND PLATELET PRODUCTION
34
Hydrogen and potassium ions are secreted into the tubular fluid in the:
a) renal corpuscle
b) proximal convoluted tubule
c) nephron loop
d) distal convoluted tubule
D) Distal convoluted tubule
35
```
All of the following structures are components of the urinary system EXCEPT?:
A) Kidneys
B) Ureters
C) Urethra
D) Gallbladder
```
D) Gallbladder
36
Which selection includes ALL components of a nephron?:
A) a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule
B) a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
C) proximal and distal convoluted tubules and a nephron loop
D) a renal capsule, two convoluted tubules , and a nephron loop
D) A renal corpuscle and renal tubule
37
```
Renin is released by the _____ in response to ____ renal blood volume or solute concentration in the tubular fluid:
A) macula densa; elevated
B) macula densa; reduced
C) juxtaglomerular cells; elevated
D) juxtaglomerular cells; reduced
```
D) Juxtaglomerular cells; reduced
38
```
Which hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex in response to rising levels of angiotensin II, increase water reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubules?
A) Renin
B) aldosterone
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) Erythropoietin
```
C) ALDOSTERONE
39
```
Which of the following structure assist in producing more concentrated urine?
A) Glomerular capsules
b) renal tubules and collecting ducts
C) minor calico and major calyces
D) utterers and urinary bladder
```
B) renal tubules and collecting ducts
40
Inadequate ADH secretion results in?
Dehydration
41
```
The micturition reflex controls:
A) Urine formation
b) Voiding of the filled bladder
C) Formation of a salt gradient in the kidney
D) Filling of the urinary bladder
```
B) Voiding of the filled bladder
42
Reabsorption is the movement of fluid and solutes from the:
a) filtrate into the glomerular capillaries
B) tubular fluid into the capsule
C) tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries
D) blood vessels into the collecting ducts
C) Tubular fluid into the peritubular capillaries
43
```
Which organ is responsible for filtering the blood?
A) ureter
B) urinary bladder
C) Kidney
D) Urethra
```
C) Kidney
44
Sympathetic innervation of the GI tract is responsible for:
A) Closing the pyloric sphincter
B) Stimulating peristalsis
C) Stimulating secretion of the pancreatic acing cells
D) Vasodilating the major digestive system blood vessels
A) Closing the Pyloric Spinchter
45
```
Most of the chemical digestion of our food occurs within the:
A) large intestine
B) pancreas
C) small intestine
D) esophagus
```
C) Small intestine
46
```
Puberty begins when which hormone is secreted by the hypothalamus?
A) LH
B) FSH
C) GnRH
D) hCG
```
C) GnRH
47
```
Ovulation is induced only when there is a peak in secretion of which hormone?
A) LH
B) FSH
C) Estrogen
D) Progesterone
```
A) LH
48
What marks the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
A) Ovulation
B) A surge in estrogen and progesterone levels
C) menstruation
D) sa sudden drop in LH and FSH levels
Menstruation
49
```
Estrogen is secrete by which of the following?
A) Ovarian follicles (before ovulation)
B) Corpus lute (after ovulation)
C) Placenta (during pregnancy)
D) all of the above
```
D) all of the above
50
```
Levels of which hormone drop dramatically as the corpus luteum degenerates, triggering the onset of menses?
A) FSH
B) LH
C) progesterone
D) estrogen
```
C) Progesterone
51
What is the primary function of hCG?
A) stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce and secrete FSH and LH
B) initiates and maintains growth of the functional layer of the endometrium
C) triggers continued production of progesterone by the corpus lute
D) stimulates development and maturation of ovarian follicles
C) Triggers continued production of progesterone by the corpus luteum
52
```
In the male, the gonads are:
A) angrogens
B) the external genitalia
C) the testes
D) spermatozoa
```
C) The testes
53
The epididymis function to:
A) secrete one of the major ompenets of seminal fluid
B) isolate old or defective sperm so that they can be expelled from the body
C) store sperm until they are fully mature and capable of being motile
D) all of the above
C) Store sperm until they are fully mature and capable of being motile
54
```
Which stature penetrates the prostate gland to empty into the urethra?
A) ampulla
B) ejaculatory duct
C) seminal vesicle
D) ductus deferens
```
B) Ejaculatory duct
55
In the testes, sperm are produced within the highly convoluted ______, while androgens are produced by the _______.
A) rete testis; lobules
B) seminiferous tubules, interstitial cells
C) efferent ductules; mediastinum testis
D) seminiferous tubules; sustenacular cells
B) Seminiferous tubules; interstitial cells
56
Which sequence correctly traces events and products of the ovarian cycle?
[corpus lute, ovulation, primary/secondary follicles, vesicular follicles]
1. Primary and Secondary Follicles
2. Vesicular follicle
3. Ovulation
4. Corpus Luteum
57
```
The end of the _____ phase of the ovarian cycle coincides with the end of the ______ phase of the uterine cycle.
A) luteal; secretory
B) luteal; menstrual
C) follicular; proliferative
D) follicular; secretory
```
A) Luteal; Secretory
58
```
FSH is to the _____ phase of the ovarian cycle as _____ is to the menstrual and proliferative phases of the uterine cycle.
A) Follicular; Progesterone
B) Luteal; Progesterone
C) luteal; Estrogen
D) none of the above
```
B) Luteal; progesterone
59
What does LH stimulate in females?
| What does LH stimulate in males?
```
LH = Ovulation in XX
LH = spermatogenesis in XY
```
60
```
In the male, what cells produce androgens?
A) Spermatogonia
B) interstitial cells
C) sustentacular cells
D) All of these are correct
```
B) Interstitial cells
61
```
Ovulation occurs due to dramatic "peak" of which hormone?
A) progesterone
B) LH
C) FSH
D) Prolactin
```
B) LH
62
```
Which structure contains a primary oocyte, several layers of follicle cells, and an Antrum?
A) primordial folic
B) primary follicle
C) Secondary Follicle
D) vesicular folic
```
C) Secondary follicle
63
Nephron order
Glomerulus - Bowmans capsule -proximal tubule - loop of hence - distal tubule- collecting duct
64
What does Angeotensin II stimulate?
Stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal cortex
65
What does Angeotensin II do to Blood Pressure?
Increases it due to vasoconstriction
66
What does Renin do?
Eventually increases BP;
67
Where is Renin secreted from?
juxtoglomericular kidney cells
68
RAAS
When blood pressure is low; the kidneys release Renin which splits angiotinsinogen into angiotensin I. Then the ACE converts it to angiotensin II which causes vasoconstriction which increases BP
69
Aldosterone vs ADH
Aldosterone - increases absorption of Na+, water follows salt
ADH - increases water permeability in the collecting ducts
