EXAM 4: Mechanisms (both) Flashcards
(19 cards)
What are the different types of carboxylic acid derivative reactions?
Acid Chloride
Acid Anhydride
Ester Hydrolysis
Fischer Esterification
What are the elementary steps of all carboxylic derivative reaction (except fischer esterification)
Nucleophile Addition
Nucleophile elimination
Proton Transfer
What are the elementary steps of a fischer esterification reaction?
Proton Transfer
Nucleophile
Addition
Proton Transfer
Nucleophile Elimination
Proton Transfer
What is an acid chloride?
C=O bonded to Cl
What is an acid anhydride?
O bonded to C=O bonded to CH3
What is an ester?
Ester hydrolysis is this and an OH
How to tell when a reaction is a fischer esterification reaction?
When an H2SO4 is added to an ester or a carboxylic acid derivative?
What is oxidation?
Loss of a C-H bond and the formation of a C-O bond
What is the difference between a wild and mild oxidation reaction?
Wild: Chromic acid - H2CrO4, strong oxidant
Mild: Bleach - HOCl, weak oxidant
What is the product of the oxidation of a primary alcohol with Chromic Acid (wild rxn)?
A carboxylic acid
What is the product of the oxidation of a secondary alcohol with a chromic acid?
Ketone
What is the product of an oxidation reaction with a primary alcohol and HOCl(mild)?
An aldehyde
What is the product of an oxidation reaction with a secondary alcohol and HOCl(mild)?
A ketone
What are the steps of an oxidation reaction?
Proton Transfer
Bimolecular Substitution (SN2)
Bimolecular Elimination (E2)
(check, this might just be for mild reactions)
What is a reduction reaction?
Gain C-H bond, lose C-O pi bond
What are the reducing agents of a reduction reaction?
- NaBH4 (provides H-)
- H3O+
What are the elementary steps of a reduction reaction?
Nucleophile Addition
Proton Transfer (add the acid)
In the grignard reaction, what is aldehyde/ketone reacting with?
MgBr and H3O+
What are the elementary steps of a Grignard reaction?
Nucleophile Addition
Proton Transfer
