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NURS 501 > Exam 4 - Newborn Nutrition > Flashcards

Exam 4 - Newborn Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

When should discussions about breastfeeding begin?

A

During pregnancy

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2
Q

How long do professional societies (AAP, NAPNAP, ACOG) recommend moms to breast feed for?

A

At least a year or longer as desired

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3
Q

Supportive measures to promote breastfeeding during pregnancy

A
  • 1+ support persons during childbirth
  • Care by doula
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4
Q

Non-supportive measures that do not promote breastfeeding during pregnancy

A
  • Use of oxytocin for labor
  • Widespread use of epidural anesthesia
  • Operative delivery
  • C-section
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5
Q

Ways to promote breastfeeding during postpartum period

A
  • Skin-to-skin contact following delivery
    • All newborn care should be completed in the mom’s arms (e.g. hep B shot, vitamin K, erythromycin ointment)
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6
Q

Pathophysiology of breastfeeding - what maintains milk supply in the mom?

A

Maintaining adequate milk supply depends on nutritive stimulation of the breast and removal of milk on a regular and frequent basis

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7
Q

What is the suck-swallow-breathe ratio for newborns when they are nursing?

A

1 sec : 1 sec : 1 sec

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8
Q

True/False - newborn guts are nonsterile

A

False - they are sterile

  • Gut becomes colonized with maternal bacteria through contact with breastfeeding
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9
Q

What is the significance of bacteria colonization in the newborns gut?

A

Bacteria colonization is how newborns develop their immune systems

  • 70% of infants developing immune system found in GI tract
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10
Q

Colostrum vs transitional milk vs mature milk

  • Which milk is present first?
A

Colostrum - present as early as 3 months gestation

  • High in protein
  • Lasts until day 5 of infants life
  • Yellow-gold color
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11
Q

Colostrum vs transitional milk vs mature milk

  • How is transitional milk different from colostrum?
A

Higher in protein content, high in carbohydrate content

  • Present until 2 weeks of life
  • Bluish color, translucent
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12
Q

Colostrum vs transitional milk vs mature milk

  • When is mature milk present?
A

After 2 weeks of life

  • Made up of foremilk and hindmilk
    • Foremilk - high in carbohydrates
    • Hindmilk - protein and fat rich
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13
Q

When do babies get the nutrients of hindmilk during breastfeeding?

A

Moms should put their baby on the breast and make sure they’re draining the breast completely to get hindmilk

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14
Q

What is LactMed?

A

Database where providers can plug in different medications and therapeutics to learn if they’re safe for a mom during breastfeeding

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15
Q

Contraindications to breastfeeding

A
  • Maternal substance abuse
  • Cytotoxic and immunosuppressive drugs
  • Active TB
  • HSV lesions on the breast
    • Including pumping
  • Active varicella infection
  • HIV infections (in developed countries)
  • Neonatal galactosemia
    • Infant cannot properly break down milk
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16
Q

Common problems with breastfeeding

  • For the mother
A
  • Sore nipples
  • Flat/inverted nipples
  • Engorgement
  • Insufficient milk supply
  • Candidiasis (cracked/peeling nipples, itchiness, discomfort)
  • Mastitis
  • Feeding refusal
17
Q

Common problems with breastfeeding

  • For the infant
A
  • Late preterm infant (35-36 weeks)
    • More difficulty latching onto breast
  • Tongue-tie
  • Palate abnormality
  • Hypoglycemia
    • Jittery, difficulty latching onto breast
18
Q

Patient education regarding breastfeeding

A
  • Obtain a pump early during pregnancy
  • Safe pumping
  • Returning to work
  • Introducing the bottle
19
Q

Safe breastmilk storage patient education

A
  • Room temp for 4-6 hours
  • Cooler with ice packs for 24 hours
  • Refigerator for 3-8 days
  • Freezer for 4-6 months
  • Deep freeze freezer for 6-12 months
20
Q

Proper formula preparation patient education

A

1 scoop per 2 oz water

  • Improper preparations can lead to electrolyte imbalances
21
Q

How can hydrolyzed based formulas be benefitial for newborns?

A

Hydrolyzed formulas are partially broken down milk/soy proteins that make it easier to digest for infants that have difficulty with digestion or are really gassy

22
Q

When would amino acid based formulas be indicated for newborns?

A

For newborns who may have a soy protein or cow’s milk protein intolerance

  • AEB blood in stool or significant skin findings (e.g. eczema)
23
Q

Feeding issues that might occur in breastfed/formula fed infants

A
  • GERD
  • Constipation
    • Infrequent stooling is common (some may only stool once a week)
  • Diarrhea
  • Colic
    • 3 hours/day of crying that occurs more than 3 days/week and more than 3 weeks in a row
    • Starts at 3 weeks of age; resolves by 3 months
    • Consider probiotics
24
Q

If a newborn has GERD, when would symptoms normally present?

A

3 weeks of life and persists until 6 months to 1 year

NURS 501 (66 decks)

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