exam 4- opiates

Question 1

opiate sedative/hypnotic effects affect ______ _____

Answer 1

cerebral cortex

Question 2

opiate euphoria affects ____ system/_______ accumbens

Answer 2

limbic, nucleus

Question 3

opiate analgesia affects brainstem, spinal cord, and _______

Answer 3

thalamus

Question 4

opiate respiratory depression, cough reflex suppression, nausea/vomiting affects ____

Answer 4

medulla

Question 5

are all opiate receptors metabotropic?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

Activation of opiate receptors leads to _____ in neuronal activity

Answer 6

decreases

Question 7

what are the three opiate receptor names?

Answer 7

*Mu (µ) receptors
*Delta () receptors
* Kappa () receptors

Question 8

opiate receptors are BOTH pre and postsynaptic; located in many areas of
the ______ and ______ cord

Answer 8

brain, spinal

Question 9

(1) How do Narcotics (Opiates) Produce Euphoria?

opiates/narcotics produce euphoria –> make _____ in nucleus accumbens

Answer 9

dopamine

Question 10

(2) How do Narcotics (Opiates) Produce Euphoria?

heroin is converted to ____ in the brain, acting at mu (μ) and delta (δ) receptors expressed on ______ GABA receptors

Answer 10

morphine, inhibitory

Question 11

(3) How do Narcotics (Opiates) Produce Euphoria?

binding causes ______ in released GABA

Answer 11

decrease

Question 12

overall, narcotics/opiates produce euphoria by inhibiting inhibition –> ______ dopamine

Answer 12

increased

Question 13

opiates have ____ action (inhibitory/excitatory) on brain

Answer 13

inhibitory

Question 14

opiates _____ GABA

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

cross-tolerance occurs for all _____

Answer 15

opiods

Question 16

continued use –> tolerance of ___ effects

Answer 16

opiate

Question 17

for opiates, very little ____ for constipation, pupil constriction

Answer 17

tolerance

Question 18

fastest opioid tolerance for ____ properties

Answer 18

euphoric

Question 19

opioid tolerance mechanisms include

(1) metabolic tolerance –> slight increase in ____ enzyme

(2) Receptor desensitization and down-regulation of opiate receptors

(3) context-dependent tolerance/psychological conditioning

Answer 19

liver

Question 20

with opioids, you develop both a physical and ____ dependence

Answer 20

psychological

Question 21

is rats self-administering opiates an example of reinforcing behavior?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

is rats self-administering opiates an example of psychological dependence?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

would an example of psychological dependence be the increase of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens –> euphoria?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

would an example of psychological dependence be acts associated with a drug producing euphoria?

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

Withdrawal symptoms (they are serious, intense) are the exact _____ of the opiate effects

Answer 25

opposite

Question 26

Intensity and duration of opioid withdrawal _____ related to intensity and duration of drug effects

Answer 26

DIRECTLY

Question 27

is opioid withdrawal ever fatal on its own?

Answer 27

no

Question 28

when do opioid withdrawal symptoms appear?

Answer 28

after 6-12 hours

Question 29

when do opioid withdrawal symptoms peak?

Answer 29

26-72 hours

Question 30

when do opioid withdrawal symptoms cease?

Answer 30

completely over in a week

Question 31

methadone is the most common ____ addiction treatment

Answer 31

opioid

Question 32

_____ works by suppressing opioid withdrawal and blocks effects/lowers cravings of other opioids

Answer 32

methadone

Question 33

methadone is a long-acting ____ receptor

Answer 33

Mu (µ)

Question 34

methadone has analgesic activity, efficacy by _____ route, persistent success if repeated, and extended duration of pausing withdrawal symptoms in physically dep ppl

Answer 34

oral

Question 35

which has a higher half life, buprenorphine or methadone?

Answer 35

buprenorphine (36-48 hour half life)

Question 36

what kind of drug comes from opium poppy (syn by Frederic serturner) - killed chloe price

Answer 36

morphine

Question 37

would giving and opiate antagonist naloxone block opiate effects? what kind of treatment is this?

Answer 37

yes, antagonistic treatment

Question 38

for opioid dependence, detox is ____ effective

Answer 38

not

Question 39

an example of maintenance therapy would be methadone

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

does methadone produce more socially acceptable behavior than more potent opiates?

Answer 40

yes

Question 41

some addicts spontaneously stop using _____

Answer 41

opiates

Question 42

mu receptor intrinsic activity increases from naltrexone to ______ to _______

Answer 42

buprenorphine, methadone

Question 43

naltrexone is a ______ (antagonist, full agonist, partial agonist)

Answer 43

antagonist

Question 44

methadone is a ______ (antagonist, full agonist, partial agonist)

Answer 44

full agonist

Question 45

buprenorphine is a ______ (antagonist, full agonist, partial agonist)

Answer 45

partial antagonist

Question 46

____ is 3x more potent than morphine

Answer 46

heroin

Question 47

oil/water partition coefficient increased by adding _____ groups to morphine

Answer 47

acteyl

Question 48

morphine is made from heroin inside the brain by _____ acetyl groups

Answer 48

removing

Question 49

heroin has more acetyl groups than _____

Answer 49

morphine

Question 50

_____ is 80 times more potent than morphine

Answer 50

fentanyl

Question 51

fentanyl is mostly used today for _______ and neuropathic pain

Answer 51

anesthesia

Question 52

what is more potent, heroin or fentanyl?

Answer 52

fentanyl

Question 53

do heroin and fentanyl have simialr effects?

Answer 53

yes

Question 54

the admin routes for _____ are IV, mucosa membrane, and transdermal

Answer 54

fentanyl

Question 55

carfentanil is 10,000 more potent than morphine and 100 times more potent than ____

Answer 55

fentanyl

Question 56

carfentanil depresses the _____ and ability to breathe, and tiny particles cause life-threatening effects within mins of exposure

Answer 56

CNS