Exam 4 - Overview of materials Pt. 1

Question 1

What genus do liver and lung flukes belong to?

Answer 1

Trematodes

Question 2

How many intermediate hosts does a trematode’s lifecycle require?

Answer 2

2

Question 3

The 1st intermediate host is always what?

Answer 3

A snail

Question 4

T/F - Flukes have a flat, leaf-like body with both male and female repro systems (mobecious)

Answer 4

True

Question 5

What is called the “lung fluke” and is acquired by the ingestion of uncooked or poorly cooked crayfish. Enzootic to North America. DH are Dogs, cats, and people.

Answer 5

Paragonimus kellicoti

Question 6

What disease does Paragonimus kellicoti cause?

Answer 6

Respiratory disease - dyspnea, hemoptysis, and pneumothorax

Question 7

Zoonotic Paragonimiasis is a foodborne infection acquired form ingestion of what?

Answer 7

raw freshwater crustaceans

Question 8

Where do adult Paragonimus kellicoti replicate and how do they cause disease?

Answer 8

live and reproduce in lungs
eggs passd in feces and sputum
Disease is due to an inflammatory response due to products from adult worms

Question 9

In humans, what may zoonotic paragonimiasis resemble?

Answer 9

pulmonary tuberculosis

Question 10

If an animal has Paragonimus kellicoti, what may be seen on radiographs

Answer 10

Alveolar opacity
and nodules containing the parasites

Question 11

What parasite is known as “Canine Blood Fluke”

Answer 11

Heterobilharzia americana

Question 12

This parasite is typicallu associated with racoons, male and females are paired in the blood stream, has 1 intermediate host, and causes infection by skin penetration

Answer 12

Heterobilharzia americana

Question 13

What signs do Heterobilharzia americana cause in dogs?

Answer 13

GI signs (vomiting, diarrhea)
Polyuria and polydipsia
Liver enzymes ~ normal

Question 14

What parasite is the causative agent for zoonotic “Swimmer’s Itch”

Answer 14

Heterobilharzia americana

Question 15

How does Heterobilharzia americana get to GI system since infection is due to skin penetration?

Answer 15

Granulomatous transport through tissue to GI

Question 16

What parasite is called “Salmon Poisoning Fluke”

Answer 16

Nanophyetus salmicola

Question 17

What parasite is enzootic to Pacific northwest, DHs are dogs, cats, and other fish eating mammals, and IHs are snaila and Salmonid fish

Answer 17

Nanophyetus salmicola

Question 18

What part of the raw salmon can cause an infection of Nanophyetus salmicola

Answer 18

metacercaria in kidneys, muscles, and fins of RAW fish

Question 19

What is the vector for salmon poisoning?

Answer 19

Neorickettsia helminthoeca

Question 20

Signs of Neorickettsia helminthoeca

Answer 20

Hemorrhagic enteritis
Lymphadenopathy

Question 21

Clinical disease caused by Neorickettsia helminthoeca is indistinguishable from what disease in canines?

Answer 21

Parvovirus

Question 22

What does Nanophyetus salmicola cause in humans?

Answer 22

Mild GI signs , no Neorickettsia helminthoeca
Typically from Sushi, Sashimi, ceviche

Question 23

What parasite is called “Liver poisoning fluke”

Answer 23

Platynosomum fastosum

Question 24

What parasite is found in more tropical regions, is 81% prevalent in St. Kitts, DH is felines, it lives in the bile ducts, IH is snails, pill pugs/lizards/frogs

Answer 24

Platynosomum fastosum

Question 25

How does Platynosomum fastosum end up in bile ducts?

Answer 25

Metacercaria is ingested when cat eats lizard, they will then migrate up the bile ducts, adult worms will be found in bile ducts and gallbladder

Question 26

Clinical signs causes by Platynosomum fastosum

Answer 26

Vomiting, diarrhea, icterus

Question 27

What parasite is called "Racoon" Pancreatic fluke

Answer 27

Eurytrema procyonis

Question 28

What parasite has DHs of felines, red/grey foxes, and racoons, IH is snail and maybe grasshoppers (arthropods), and adult worms are found in pancreatic ducts with periductal fibrosis

Answer 28

Eurytrema procyonis

Question 29

What parasite has DH of dogs/cats, IHs 1st is snail, 2nd is either tadpole or snake, Larvale stage is capable of being passed from host to host and especially lactogenically. Adult stages have low pathogenicity in GI system and most clinical signs are associated with migration of mesocercaria

Answer 29

Alaria sp.

Question 30

Zoonotic significance of Alaria sp.

Answer 30

important when handling frogs, snakes ect. by trappers and outdoor life-styles

Question 31

What parasite has DH in cattle, sheep, and goats, is acquired by ingestion of metacercaria encysted on vegetation. This parasite causes liver disease

Answer 31

Fasciola hepatica

Question 32

What clinical signs of liver disease is caused by Fasciola hepatica?

Answer 32

Anemia, hypoproteinemia, and bottle jaw Progressive weakness, loss of condition

Question 33

What parasite is known as "Deer liver fluke", DH is of course white-tailed deer, found in bile ducts but do not cause disease, non-patent (don't shed eggs) in cattle, sheep and goats but have aberrant migration in other species/

Answer 33

Fascioloides magna

Question 34

What parasite is called "Ruemn Fluke", is an emerging health issue in europe but has world-wide distribtion, DH are cattle, sheep and goats, and are acquired by ingestion of metacercaria encysted on vegetation

Answer 34

Paramphistomum sp.

Question 35

Where can adult Paramphistomum sp. be found

Answer 35

stomach (abomasum) and typically do not cause any clinical signs

Question 36

Where can immature stages of Paramphistomum sp. be found?

Answer 36

Duodenum and ileum

Question 37

What clinical signs can the immature stages of Paramphistomum sp. cause?

Answer 37

plug feeder, necrosis, hemorrhagic inflammatory disease hypoproteinaemia (bottle jaw) diarrhea, dehydration

Question 38

What parasite is callled "Lancet Liver Fluke" and is found primarily in northern hemisphere, DH in many animals and is typically found in bile ducts. IH is multiple species of snails and ants. Adult worms will be foun din liver and bile ducts of infected aninmals but cause low pathogenicity

Answer 38

Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Question 39

How do DH get infected from IH ants with Dicrocoelium dendriticum

Answer 39

Snail ingesr miracida, pass them post replication in slime ball, ant ingests and their brain is infected, the remain attached to vegetation and animal eats plant

Question 40

What parasite is called "thorny-headed worms" and live in digestove tract of vertebrates (mammals, fish, birds, reptiles), have hooked proboscis, and have flattened appearance which make them hard to distinguish from tapeworms

Answer 40

Acanthocephala

Question 41

Since Acanthocephala do not have a digestive system, how do they get nutrients?

Answer 41

absorb across tegument

Question 42

WHat is the IH for Acanthocephala

Answer 42

Arthropods - typically a grub will infect animals (think swine production) grasshoppers can infect humans occasionally

Question 43

What parasite was once an important parasite in swine production but has been almost eliminated with confinement production. Is often mistaken for adult Taenia solium (tapes) at necropsy, but these are in SI, where taenia solium do not occur

Answer 43

Macroacanthorhynchus hirudinaceus

Question 44

What parasite is typically found in SI of many wildlife species of canines, PH are lizards, birds, and small mammals (esp armadillos) due to cystacanth stage in tissues. These may be more prevalent then we know, but it is hard since eggs do not float well and they rarely cause clinical signs

Answer 44

Oncicola canis

Question 45

What parasite is enzootic in SA and Central American primate populations. Animals are infected due to being near cockroach populations, and clinical signs are due to worm burden. These are important in Zoological and lab primate colonies.

Answer 45

Prosthenorchis elegans

Question 46

How does Prosthenorchis elegans cause disease?

Answer 46

Trauma due to penetration of proboscis - significant pain and trauma to intestinal mucosa Gut perforation and peritonitis