Exam 4 - Prostatic Disease Flashcards
is prostatic disease more common in dogs or cats?
dogs
does bacterial prostatitis affect neutered male dogs?
nope, just intact
what dogs are affected by prostatic neoplasia?
older, neutered male dogs
what breed of dog has a prostate that is 4 times larger than other dogs of similar size?
scottish terriers
T/F: prostatic neoplasia can cause signs of lower urinary tract inflammation & obstruction
true
what is important to think about for all intact male dogs older than 5?
BPH reliably occurs in these guys!!! can be asymptomatic or cause dripping of blood from the urethra
what signs may be seen with acute bacterial prostatitis?
severe systemic illness
signs of lower urinary tract inflammation
tenesmus
bloody or purulent penile discharge
how is rectal palpation done to evaluate the prostate?
one hand is used to push the caudal abdomen & prostate dorsocaudally & the other is used to palpate the prostate at the cranial edge of the pubis - evaluate the size, shape, symmetry, & presence of pain
what would you expect to feel on rectal palpation of dog with bph?
symmetric prostate enlargement & non-painful prostate!
if a male dog presents for prostate pain or obstruction of urine flow, what do you need to promptly do?
evaluate for prostatitis, neoplasia, or both
what would you expect to feel on rectal palpation of dog with acute bacterial prostatitis?
may be febrile & painful on abdominal palpation
prostate may be enlarged, symmetrical/asymmetrical, & painful
what does a normal prostate look like on ultrasound?
round & smooth
what are some changes seen on ultrasound that are suggestive of neoplasia?
mineralization & complex parenchymal changes
what is the purpose of doing an abdominal ultrasound for a dog with an enlarged prostate?
evaluate prostate size, symmetry, assess for cysts & abscesses, & look for evidence of neoplasia
what are some ultrasound findings seen with chronic bacterial prostatitis?
non-specific & may mimic neoplasia!!!! mixed echotexture with hyperechoic areas of fibrosis
what does a normal prostate look like on abdominal radiographs? are radiographs helpful?
normal prostate is round & smooth, <50% of the width of the pelvic inlet on the v/d view or <70% of the distance from the sacral promontory & cranial aspect of the pubis on the lateral view
not really, they have a limited diagnostic value in assessing the prostate, but can help evaluate for metastasis
what is the purpose of doing a retrograde contrast cystourethrogram for a dog with an enlarged prostate?
used to clearly differentiate the bladder from prostate, determine whether a cystic structure is located with the prostate or is paraprostatic, & to assess urethral patency
when would you do a prostatic wash?
used when semen can’t be collected & when neoplasia is invading the prostatic urethra is suspected
submit for cytology & culture
what is bph? why does it occur?
hypertrophy (increase in cell size) & hyperplasia (increase in cell number) of the secretory & connective tissues of the prostate & increased vascularity
due to the effects of dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) on prostatic parenchyma - results in symmetric, eccentric prostatic parenchyma that may contain cysts, so symmetrically enlarged prostate that is non-painful & often asymptomatic
what is the most common sign of BPH? what are some others?
blood dripping from the urethra that is not associated with urination
often asymptomatic, but:
may have tenesmus, hemospermia, hematuria, ribbon-shaped stool
is urethral compression a consequence of bph?
nope!
why are dogs not dysuric with bph?
there is little smooth muscle within the canine prostate
does bph affect fertility?
no but may compromise cryopreservation (hemoglobin increases sperm cell membrane fragility during the freeze/thaw process)
T/F: BPH in dogs is NOT pre-neoplastic but DOES predispose them to bacterial prostatitis
true
