Exam 4- pulmonary

Question 1

Breathing, or the movement of air into or out of the lungs is _____

Answer 1

ventilation

Question 2

______ is considered a passive process because muscle relaxtion does not require the use of ATP

Answer 2

expiration

Question 3

the [a] [b] of a gas is the proportion of pressure that the gas exerts in a mixture

Answer 3

partial pressure

Question 4

describing the mechanics of breathing is false

Answer 4

ventilation relies exclusively on contracting skeletal muscles

Question 5

oxygen makes up _% of the atmosphere

Answer 5

21

Question 6

select the muscles that contract during quiet expiration
internal intercostal muscles

none of these muscles contract during quiet expiration

diaphragm

external intercostal muscles

abdominal wall muscles

Answer 6

none of these muscles contract during quiet expiration

Question 7

at the beginning of inspiration

Answer 7

thoracic cavity pressure decreases

Question 8

At the beginning of expiration the

Answer 8

volume of the thoracic cavity decreases

Question 9

expiratory reserve volume refers to the

Answer 9

maximum amount of air that can be forcefully expired

Question 10

the FEV1% for 3.00 mm is _____%

Answer 10

70.2

Question 11

the FEV1% for 5.00 mm is _____%

Answer 11

73.9

Question 12

Using the values from the second recorded measurement the minute ventilation in ml/min is (for radius of 5.00)

Answer 12

7500

Question 13

To calculate the vital capacity

you must know the TV, ERV and

Answer 13

IRV

Question 14

measuring a person’s FVC means that you are measuring

Answer 14

the amount of air that can be expelled when the subject takes the deepest possible inspiration and then forcefully expires as completely and rapidly as possible

Question 15

For a person suffering an asthma attack, inhaler medications are expected to

Answer 15

reduce the airway resistance

Question 16

Which does NOT include the ERV

Answer 16

TV

Question 17

the respiratory process most impaired by emphysema is

Answer 17

expiration

Question 18

the amount of air that can be expelled when the subject takes the deepest possible inspiration and forcefully expires as completely and rapidly as possible is the [a][b][c] or by acronym [d]

Answer 18

forced vital capacity

FVC

Question 19

select the correct statement(s) about asthma

Answer 19

features an inflammatory airway response
bronchiole smooth muscle spasms
airway resistance is increased

Question 20

correct statement(s) about emphysema

Answer 20

the lung becomes overly compliant and expands easily
there is significant loss of elastic recoil in the lung tissue
airway resistance is increased

Question 21

the measurment of the pecentage of the vital capacity that is expired during 1 sec of the FVC test is the [a][b][c] or by acronym [d]

Answer 21

forced expiratory volume

FEV1

Question 22

to measure the Expiratory Reserve Volume one would measure the volume of air moved depicted by number _____

Answer 22

3

Question 23

to measure the FEV1 one would measure the volume of air moved depicted by letter ___

Answer 23

A

Question 24

during an asthma attack

Answer 24

inspiration and expiration are impaired,

Expiration is impaired more than inspiration

Question 25

inhaler medications for asthma are designed to

Answer 25

relax bronchioles

Question 26

In a patient with emphysema which lung values increased compared with a patient with normal lungs

Answer 26

RV-Residual Volume

Question 27

In a patient with emphysema which lung values decreased compared with a patient with normal lungs

Answer 27

``` ERV IRV FVC FEV1 FEV1 % ```

Question 28

In a patient with an untreated Asthma which lung values decreased compared with a patient with normal lungs

Answer 28

``` TV ERV IRV FVC FEV 1 FEV1% ```

Question 29

In a patient with an untreated Asthma which lung values increased compared with a patient with normal lungs

Answer 29

RV

Question 30

In a patient with treated Asthma which lung values decreased compared with a patient with normal lungs

Answer 30

IRV FVC FEV1

Question 31

during moderate exercise which value changes the most?

Answer 31

IRV

Question 32

During moderate exercise on PEX 7 a we saw a the largest increase in

Answer 32

tidal volume

Question 33

When obstructive lung disease develops the FEV1%

Answer 33

decreases

Question 34

Given TLC =6000, FVC =4800, RV=1200, IRV=2900, TV=500 all in ml the ERV would be ___ml

Answer 34

1400

Question 35

Given RV=1000, IRV=3000, TV=500, ERV=1500 all in cc or ml the FVC would be____cc or ml

Answer 35

5000

Question 36

what is the largest volume in a normal patient

Answer 36

IRV

Question 37

Which represents a decreased flow rate seen in obstructive lung disease

Answer 37

FEV1

Question 38

the RV in patients with emphysema and asthma

Answer 38

increases in both asthma and emphysema

Question 39

in obstructive lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis and asthma airway radius is decreased, thus FEV1 will

Answer 39

decrease proportionately

Question 40

Discuss the similarities between emphysema and asthma

Answer 40

In both, airway resistance increases, the airways collapse before expiration is done. In both, ERV, RV, FVC, and FEV1 are all decreased while RV is increased

Question 41

Discuss the differences both in pathophysiology and in chronicity b/w emphysema and asthma by pathophysiology I mean what goes wrong in emphysema v what goes wrong in asthma by chronicity I mean timing: constant v sporadic

Answer 41

In emphysema, there is a decrease in the recoil of the lungs. This causes the walls of the alveoli to become destroyed. With emphysema, the chronicity is constant (occurs all the time) In asthma, is an inflammatory response that constricts the airways. This is a sporadic occurrence, only occurring when triggered by allergens, extreme temperatures, or exercise

Question 42

Which of the following statements about surface tension is false?

Answer 42

surface tension occurs at any gas-gas boundary

Question 43

ust prior to inspiration the pressure with the intrapleural cavity

Answer 43

is referred to as the interpleural pressure

Question 44

Which statement about surfactant is false?

Answer 44

surfactant is a detergent-like mixture of lipids and peptides that increases the surface tension

Question 45

a pneumothorax refers to

Answer 45

any opening that equalizes the intrapleural pressure with the atmospheric pressure

Question 46

a pneumothorax can lead to

Answer 46

atelectasis

Question 47

Adding surfactant to lungs that do not have surfactant leads to

Answer 47

a decrease in surface tension in the lungs

Question 48

in this activity a pneumothorax is automatically followed by

Answer 48

atelectasis

Question 49

the best way to rapidly reinflate a person's collapsed lung is to

Answer 49

pump air out of the intrapleural space to recreate negative pressure

Question 50

Opening the valve in the side of the glass bell jar

Answer 50

simulated pneumothorax

Question 51

the addition of surfactant to the lung interior

Answer 51

increased airflow

Question 52

Why does adding surfactant lead to the observed change in air flow?

Answer 52

surfactant coats the alveoli and decreases surface tension. When surface tension decrease, air flow increases

Question 53

an increase in H+ concentration would

Answer 53

decrease pH

Question 54

the reaction of carbon dioxide combining with water is catalyzed by

Answer 54

carbonic anhydrase

Question 55

with hyperventilation one expects to see

Answer 55

pH will increase PCO2 will decrease

Question 56

when one returns to normal breathing after hyperventilating (as seen in PEX 10a) the effect is

Answer 56

breathing stops temporarily to retain carbon dioxide

Question 57

hyperventilation results in

Answer 57

respiratory alkalosis

Question 58

which is NOT a potential cause of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 58

emphysema

Question 59

the renal system can compensate for respiratory acidosis by

Answer 59

excreting H+ and retaining HCO3-

Question 60

why did breathing stop after finishing hyperventilation?

Answer 60

to retain CO2

Question 61

carbon dioxide and water can join to form

Answer 61

carbonic acid-a weak acid

Question 62

which is true of respiratory acidosis

Answer 62

the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood is greater than normal

Question 63

with rebreathing

Answer 63

pH decreases PCO2 increases

Question 64

which can cause respiratory acidosis

Answer 64

airway obstruction

Question 65

rebreathing simulates

Answer 65

hypoventilation and respiratory acidosis

Question 66

respiratory acidosis can be caused by all of the following except

Answer 66

anxiety attack