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Exam 5 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Structural classifications of joints

A

-fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Bony
- Synovial

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2
Q

Synarthrosis

A

Very strong
E.g: sutures, gomphosis, synochondrosis, synostosis

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3
Q

Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly moveable
E.g: syndesmosis, symphysis

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4
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Bones connected by ligament

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5
Q

Symphysis

A

Bones connected by fibrocartilage

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6
Q

Diarthrosis

A

Freely moveable
E.g: synovial joints

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7
Q

Plane

A

Limited motion, flat/ slightly curved surface
Nonaxial

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8
Q

Hinge

A

Angular motion in a single plane
Nonaxial

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9
Q

Condylar

A

Oval articular face within a depression
Biaxial

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10
Q

Saddle

A

Articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle
Biaxial (thumb)

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11
Q

Pivot

A

Rotation only
Nonaxial

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12
Q

Ball-and-socket

A

Round head in a cup-shaped depression
Triaxial

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13
Q

Synovial fluid functions

A
  • from synovial membrane
  • fills joint cavity
  • reduces friction
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14
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Cartilages

A

Meniscus
Fibrocartilage pad between opposing bones

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15
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Fat pads

A

Adipose tissue covered by synovial membrane

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16
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Ligaments

A

Support and strengthen joints

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17
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Tendons

A

Attach to muscles around joint

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18
Q

Accessory Synovial joint structures
Bursae

A

Pockets of synovial fluid to cushion areas where tendons and ligaments rub on other tissue

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19
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament with torn collagen fibers

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20
Q

Stabilizing factors of synovial joints

A
  • prevents injury by limiting range of motion
  • collagen fibers of joint capsule and ligaments
  • shapes of articulating surfaces and menisci
  • other bones, muscles, fat pads
  • tendons attach to articulating bones
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21
Q

Planes of movement
Nonaxial

A

0 plane (acromioclavicular)

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22
Q

Planes of movement
Nonaxial/uniaxial

A

1 plane (elbow)

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23
Q

Planes of movement
Biaxial

A

2 planes (wrist)

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24
Q

Planes of movement
Triaxial/multiaxial

A

3 planes (shoulder)

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25
Gliding movement
When two flat surfaces slide past each other (Two carpal bones)
26
Angular movement
Flextime and extension movements in anterior posterior plane (front to back)
27
Flexion
Decrease angle (bicep flex)
28
Extension
Increase angle
29
Hyperextension
Looking up with head
30
Abduction
Movement away from longitudinal axis
31
Abduction
Movement toward longitudinal axis
32
Circumduction
A complete circular movement without rotation (only shoulder and hips can do this)
33
Rotational movement
Shaking head no Medial/lateral: hip (turning leg in or out) Pronation: rotate forearm Supination: turn palms anteriorly (like you’re holding soup)
34
Special movement
Inversion: twists sole of foot medial Eversion: twist sole of foot lateral Dorsiflexion: flexion at ankle (lifting toes) Plantar flexion: extension at ankle (pointing toes) Opposition: movement of thumb to palm Reposition: opposite of opposition Protraction: anterior movement in horizontal plane (forward) giving yourself and underbite Retraction: opposite Depression: move jaw down Elevation: move jaw up Lateral flexion: bending vertebral column to the side
35
Intervertebral joints
First two cervical vertebrae are joined by synovial joint
36
Intervertebral disc
Separate vertebral bodies
37
Intervertebral ligaments Ligaments flava
Connect laminae of adjacent vertebrae
38
Intervertebral ligaments Posterior longitudinal ligament
Connects posterior surface of vertebral body
39
Intervertebral ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament
Connect anterior surface of vertebral body
40
Intervertebral ligaments Interspinous ligaments
Connect spinous processes of vertebrae
41
Intervertebral ligaments Supraspinous ligament
Connects tips of spinous
42
Elbow joint
Hinge Articulates with ulna hum humerous and radius
43
Elbow ligaments
Radial collateral Angular Ulnar collateral ligament
44
Elbow joints
Humero-ulnar: largest strongest elbow joint Humeroradial joint: smaller joint, for stabilization
45
Knee
Hinge joint Transfers weight from femur to tibia Articulates: two femur one patella
46
Knee joint cavity
Medial and lateral menisci
47
Knee ligaments
Patellar Two popliteal Anterior and posterior cruciate Tibial collateral ligament
48
Shoulder
Ball and socket joint
49
Glenoid labrum
Rim of fibrocartilage only found in ball and socket joint Extends beyond bony rim and deepens socket
50
Shoulder ligaments
Acromioclavicular Coracoclavicular Coraco- acromial Coracohumeral Glenohumeral
51
Shoulder separation
Most common form of dislocation Dislocation of acromioclavicular joint
52
Muscles of rotator cuff
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Subscapularis Minor
53
Shoulder bursae
Subdeltoid Subcoracoid Subacromial Subscapular
54
Hip joint
Ball and socket (stronger than shoulder)
55
Hip ligaments
Iliofemoral Pubofemoral Ischiofemoral
56
Rheumatism
Pain and stiffness in musculoskeletal (muscle and bones) system
57
Arthritis
Joint inflammation
58
Skeletal muscle functions
Move body by pulling on bones Maintain posture Support soft tissue Guard body entrances and exits Maintains temp Store nutrients
59
Skeletal muscle organization Epimysium
Superficial Layer of collagen fibers that surrounds the muscle Connect to deep fascia
60
Perimysium
Surrounds muscle fiber bundles Fascicles Contains collagen fibers, elastic fibers, blood vessels, nerves
61
Endomysium
Deep layer Surround individual muscle cells Muscle fibers
62
T- tubules
- tubes that extend from surface of muscle fiber deep into sarcoplasm - transmit action potentials from sarcolemma into cell interior
63
Sarcoplasmic reticular (SR)
- tubular network surrounding each myofibril - similar to smooth ER - forms chambers that attach to T tubules - specialized for storage and release of calcium ions (how muscle contraction starts)

Exam 5 (1 decks)

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