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MICRO 1 exam 5 > exam 5 > Flashcards

exam 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Organisms that have nutritional needs that are relatively complex and require extra media components to be able to grow in a lab.

A

fastidious organisms

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2
Q

need special media or growth requirements or BOTH

A

fastidious organisms

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3
Q

Small Gram negative pleomorphic coccobacilli or bacilli (GNR or GNCB)

A

Haemophilus Species

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4
Q

Biochemical reactions for Haemophilus sp?

A

Oxidase positive
Catalase positive
Nitrate positive

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5
Q

most require x and v factors to grow

A

Haemophilus sp

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6
Q

what organism grows on chocolate agar bc it contains x and v

A

Haemophilus sp

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7
Q

hemin, hematin (blood component) Factor 10

A

X factor

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8
Q

nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) Factor 5

A

V Factor

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9
Q

what agar releases x and v factor

A

CHOC

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10
Q

growth of fastidious organisms around other bacteria that release the necessary growth factors or break down toxic products

A

Satellitism

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11
Q

S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and Neisseria species that cause hemolysis
release V factor or naturally produce V factor.,
What can be found growing around (satelliting) one of these
organisms on a SBA?

A

Haemophilus

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12
Q

what is the most commonly noted Haemophilus I sataliting or growing around

A

S. aureus

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13
Q

classification based on capsule sterotype

A

polysaccharide capsule

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14
Q

Haemophilis that is a STD

A

Haemophilus ducreyi “do cry”

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15
Q

causes chancroids on genital and perineal areas; enlarged and draining lymphnodes; buboes

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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16
Q

make gram stain from drainage of lymph nodes; coccobacilli arranged in groups resembling
▪ “school of fish”
▪ “railroad tracks”
▪ “fingerprints

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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17
Q

Group: Haemophilus, Aggregatibacter, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella

A

HACEK group

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18
Q

two species of the HACEK group that we covered in class

A

Haemophilus and Eikenella

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19
Q

common disease associated with HACEK group

A

endocarditis

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20
Q

normal flora of HACEK group

A

oral cavity and upper respiratory tract

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21
Q

what media is used to plate CSF?

A
  • Chocolate agar (enriched)
  • Blood agar
  • MacConkey agar (for Gram-negative rods)
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22
Q

*Used to detect fastidious organisms, especially Haemophilus and Neisseria

A

Cocolate agar

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23
Q

*Small, pleomorphic Gram-negative coccobacilli

A

Haemophilus gram stain morph

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24
Q

oxidase and catalase reactions of haemophilus

A

both are positive

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25
most important virulence factors for haemophilus
capsule, pili, endotoxin(LPS), IgA protease
26
what growth factors does Haemophilus need?
X and V (choc agar)
27
X factor stands for what
factor 10 and Hemin
28
V factor stands for what
factor 5 and NAD
29
what does NAD stand for?
nicotinamide adenine dinukleotide (ni kuh tee nuh mide - a duh neen - dai noo klee uh tide)
30
media used to grow Haemophilus would be?
Choc agar (both x and v)
31
*“Mousey” odor or bleach-like smell on plate
Haemophilus (especially H. influenzae)
32
selective media for Haemophilus would be choc agar with what
Chocolate agar with bacitracin to inhibit normal flora
33
H. influenzae grows around colonies of S. aureus (which releases NAD-factor 5) on blood agar
* Satellitism
34
needs both X and V
* H. influenzae
35
needs only V
* H. parainfluenzae
36
H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) Common diseases:
Meningitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia, otitis media
37
vaccine given in childhood for H. influenzae serotype b
Hib conjugate vaccine
38
H. ducreyi Disease:
Chancroid (painful genital ulcer)
39
*Presentation: Soft chancre, painful lymphadenopathy (bubo)
H. ducreyi
40
H. ducreyi gram stain
school of fish or railroad track appearence
41
H. aegyptius disease
Conjunctivitis (also called "Koch-Weeks bacillus")
42
*Presentation: Purulent pink eye, especially in children
H. aegyptius
43
*Gram-negative kidney bean-shaped diplococci
Neisseria
44
Neisseria catalase and oxidase reactions
both are positive
45
normal flora of Neisseria
N. lactamica, N. sicca, N. subflava- in upper respiratory tract
46
special growth requirements for Neisseria are?
*Capnophilic (require 5–10% CO₂) and Fastidious – require enriched media
47
which Neisseria requires moist environment and is sensitive to cold/drying
* N. gonorrhoeae
48
media used for Neisseria
Choc- enriched MTM or NYC media- selective
49
o Contains antibiotics: -Vancomycin (inhibits Gram-positives) -Colistin (inhibits Gram-negatives) -Nystatin (inhibits fungi) -Trimethoprim (inhibits Proteus)
MTM- Modified Thayer Martin
50
antibiotic used in MTM that inhibits Gram-positives
Vancomycin
51
antibiotic used in MTM that inhibits Gram-negatives
Colistin
52
antibiotic used in MTM that inhibits fungi
nystatin
53
antibiotic used in MTM that inhibits Proteus
Trimethoprim
54
which system is used for transport of Neisseria sp?
JEMBEC system- provides CO₂ and prevents drying
55
2 pathogenic sp of Neisseria
N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitis
56
*Uses Cystine Trypticase Agar (CTA) with individual carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose)
CTA fermentation test
57
positive CTA fermentation test result looks like what?
yellow color (acid production = pH drop)
58
negative CTA fermentation test result looks like what?
remains red or orange
59
CTA fermentation reactions for N. gonorrhoeae
glucose +
60
CTA fermentation reactions for N. meningitis?
glucose+ maltose+
61
CTA fermentation reactions for Moraxella catarrhalis
glucose - maltose - lactose - sucrose -
62
N. gonorrhoeae disease in men
Urethritis
63
N. gonorrhoeae disease in women
Cervicitis, Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
64
N. gonorrhoeae can also cause :
pharyngitis, rectal infections, disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)
65
co infections of N. gonorrhoeae
Chlamydia trachomatis
66
Ceftriaxone + Doxycycline or Azithromycin are drugs to treat what
N. gonorrhoeae
67
symptoms of N. gonorrhoeae are what?
Purulent discharge, burning urination
68
risk factors for N. gonorrhoeae include
multiple sex partners, unprotected sex, young adults
69
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (adrenal hemorrhage)
N. meningitis
70
N. meningitidis Diseases
Meningitis, meningococcemia
71
symptoms of N. meningitis
Sudden fever, headache, stiff neck, petechial rash
72
treatment of N. meningitis
Penicillin or Ceftriaxone
73
population most affected by N. meningitis
Infants, college students, military- individuals deficient in c5-c8
74
vaccines for N. meningitis
MenACWY (covers serogroups A, C, W, Y) MenB (separate vaccine for serogroup B)
75
*Gram-negative diplococci (can resemble Neisseria)
Moraxella
76
Isolated only from humans ▪ Normal flora of the URT ▪ OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN
Moraxella catarrhalis
77
* Usually affects people with underlying conditions like COPD, elderly, or immunocompromised
Moraxella catarrhalis
78
disease states of Moraxella catarrhalis
-Otitis media (especially in children) -Sinusitis -Bronchitis -Pneumonia (particularly in elderly or those with chronic lung disease)
79
CTA reactions for Moraxella
*CTA: Negative for all sugars (does not ferment glucose, maltose, lactose, or sucrose)
80
what are other tests used to differentiate Moraxella
* Butyrate esterase- pos * DNase- pos * Beta-lactamase- pos
81
colony characteristics of Moraxella
hockey puck-like- will slide across agar when pushed
82
*Gram-negative rod (sometimes curved or fusiform)
Eikenella
83
normal flora of Eikenella
oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract
84
infections associated with Eikenella are usually what?
dental infections (periodontitis, gingivitis) *Human bite wounds or "clenched fist" injuries
85
*Can cause head and neck infections, abscesses, and endocarditis (part of HACEK group)
Eikenella
86
colony characteristics of Eikenella
*Slow-growing on blood and chocolate agar *Pits the agar (unique trait) *Has a bleach-like odor *No growth on MacConkey *Facultaetive anaerobe (grows beęt in CO₂)
87
haemophilus gram stain morph
cocobaccili- basically gram neg rods
88
neisseria gram stain morph
gram neg cocci
89
*Has a bleach-like odor *No growth on MacConkey *Facultaetive anaerobe (grows beęt in CO₂)
colony characteristics of Eikenella
90
*Slow-growing on blood and chocolate agar *Pits the agar (unique trait)
Eikenella

MICRO 1 exam 5 (3 decks)

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