Exam 5

Question 1

Pneumonia nursing interventions

Answer 1

Cough, deep breathe, semi fowlers position, incentive spirometer, clear secretions, pillow splint

Question 2

Why is it important to educate patient on treatments for pneumonia?

Answer 2

To make sure patients know why it is important to finish antibiotics.

Question 3

Why is it important to finish antibiotics?

Answer 3

To prevent resistance to the bacteria.

Question 4

What are some pneumonia outcomes?

Answer 4

Prevent complications, improve breathing, not feeling fatigued.

Question 5

Pneumonia nursing diagnosis-

Answer 5

1. ineffective airway clearance,
2. risk for fall ,
3. impaired tissue integrity,
4. impaired gas exchange

Question 6

Signs of a bacterial infection

Answer 6

Green mucus, 10-14 days of symptoms, feeling better for 1-2 days then feeling worse

Question 7

Most common communicable strain

Answer 7

streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 8

What precaution should a nurse use for a pneumonia patient?

Answer 8

Droplet

Question 9

Signs of hypoxia

Answer 9

Confusion, restlessness, cyanosis, wheezing and coughing, rapid heart rate, intercostal muscle breathing, inability to speak, dyspnea, anything below 90% O2 always check o2 levels THEN notify doctor to see if order can be given to give o2: Always start with 2L, titrate based on orders.

Question 10

How should you position a patient with pneumonia?

Answer 10

High fowlers, semi fowlers

Question 11

What should a nurse address in an assessment for a patient with pneumonia?

Answer 11

Crackles in lower lobes (classic sign) and diminished lung sounds (in more severe cases)

Question 12

How long should a patient with TB be isolated for?

Answer 12

2-3 weeks, patient has to be on medication for two weeks in order to be said not contagious
Sputum test should be negative REMEMBER COVID,

Question 13

What is important to teach to a patient with TB?

Answer 13

4 combo medication has to be taken the whole time of treatment, check liver levels, go to all lab and regular follow ups.

Question 14

What is the length of treatment for a patient who has TB?

Answer 14

6-12 months, patient has to be isolated for 2-3 while being on medication and have a negative sputum THEN can go back to normal life.

Question 15

What is the first thing to do when exposed to a TB patient?

Answer 15

Wear a N95, ING for whoever has been exposed

Question 16

TB harbors what organ (specific)

Answer 16

Lower lung, alveoli

Question 17

What precaution should a patient with TB be put on?

Answer 17

Airborne precautions

Question 18

What are the 3 classic pre? symptoms for a patient with TB?

Answer 18

Night sweats, fever & unexplained weight loss

Question 19

What is the treatment for a cold?

Answer 19

Antihistamines to manage symptoms, allow immune system to fight for 10 days, if more than 10 days with a cold, antibiotics will be given/

Question 20

Are vital colds contagious?

Answer 20

Yes, it is in the body for up to 2 days without showing symptoms

Question 21

What are the nursing interventions for someone with TB?

Answer 21

Prevent triggers (allergy, odor), elevate head, drink lots of fluids, hand hygiene, nasal decongestants to loosen mucus, drug rebound, preorbital edema

Question 22

Nasal congestion used often causes-

Answer 22

Re bound effect

Question 23

Why does nasal congestion cause rebound effect?

Answer 23

They cause symptoms and you need to use the medication more often

Question 24

What is a major viral/bacterial URI complication and why?

Answer 24

Preorbital edema. Pressure will push on nerves

Question 25

What 3 important things should you teach to a patient with influenza?

Answer 25

1. importance of increased fluids to prevent dehydration 2. importance of coughing or sneezing into tissues or the elbow, never the hands 3. proper hand hygiene technique and tissue disposal to prevent the virus from spreading

Question 26

How can we prevent flu for the elderly?

Answer 26

Vaccines, flu and pneumonia

Question 27

Whats the most complicated situation from having the flu?

Answer 27

Pneumonia

Question 28

How often can you get the flu and at what age can you start getting flu vaccines?

Answer 28

Every year; 6 months

Question 29

How can we educate to prevent the flu?

Answer 29

Hand hygiene

Question 30

What precaution should a nurse put a patient on if they have the flu?

Answer 30

Droplet precautions

Question 31

What criteria makes someone diabetic?

Answer 31

Fasting over equal or higher than 126 mg/dL 2 hour post load glucose equal or greater than 200mg/dL A1c equal or over 6.5%

Question 32

Risk factors for type 1 & 2

Answer 32

Family history, obesity, race/ethnicity, 45 years of age or older, previously identified impaired glucose fasting or tolerance, HTN, high HDL cholesterol, history of gestational diabetes/delivered baby over 9lbs

Question 33

Causes for hyperglycemia

Answer 33

Obesity, stress, not taking medication, surgery/procedures, illness

Question 34

Complications of diabetes

Answer 34

DKA & HHS, fluid overload, pulmonary edema (acute)

Question 35

How to prevent DKA when being sick

Answer 35

1. Take insulin or oral antidiabetic agents as usual. 2. Report elevated glucose levels as specified or urine ketones to your primary provider. 3. Take supplemental doses of regular insulin every 3 to 4 hours, if needed, if you take insulin. 4. Substitute soft foods (e.g., 1/3 cup regular gelatin, 1 cup cream soup, ½ cup custard, 3 squares graham crackers) six to eight times a day if you cannot follow your usual meal plan. 5. Take liquids (e.g., ½ cup regular cola or orange juice, ½ cup broth, 1 cup sports drink [Gatorade]) every ½ to 1 hour to prevent dehydration and to provide calories, if vomiting, diarrhea, or fever persists. 6. Be aware that if you are unable to retain oral fluids, you may require hospitalization to avoid diabetic ketoacidosis and possibly coma.

Question 36

What can we teach to patients about type 2 diabetes

Answer 36

Food, exercise, medication, loosing weight

Question 37

S/S of hyperglycemia

Answer 37

Excessive thirst, blurred vision, high temperature, hunger, tired, frequent urination

Question 38

S/S hypoglycemia

Answer 38

Shakiness, dizziness, nervousness, hunger, headache, pale face, clumsiness, confusion, trouble paying attention, passing out

Question 39

First line treatment for type t2 DM

Answer 39

Metformin

Question 40

What are the types of insulin

Answer 40

Rapid acting, short acting, intermediate acting and long acting

Question 41

For rapid acting insulin, patient should eat:

Answer 41

5-15 after injection

Question 42

For short acting insulin, patient should eat:

Answer 42

15-20 min after injection

Question 43

Long acting insulin is absorbed:

Answer 43

very slowly over 24 hours