exam 5 need to knows

Question 1

how do you diagnose cancer?

Answer 1

biopsy

Question 2

what are the side effects of chemotherapy?

Answer 2

mucositosis and alopecia

Question 3

a pt can get ______ from radiation therapy

Answer 3

skin burns

Question 4

what does each letter in CAUTION stand for?

Answer 4

C= change in bowel or bladder habits,
A= a sore throat that does not heal
U=unusual bleeding or discharge
T= thickening of lump in the breast or any other part of the body
I=indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O=obvious changes in wart or mole
N= nagging or hoarseness

Question 5

once you have HIV it can go away, true or false?

Answer 5

false once you have it you always have it

Question 6

what cd4+ count is considered aids?

Answer 6

less than 200

Question 7

if a pt has a cd4+ count less than 200 they have (greater/less) chance of developing OIs?

Answer 7

greater

Question 8

what are some signs and symptoms indicating a dteriorating status in a HIV patient requiring immediate attention?

Answer 8

anything new

Question 9

if the viral load of HIV is undetectable does this mean they are negative for the virus?

Answer 9

no

Question 10

there is a _______ window after infection

Answer 10

72 hour

Question 11

PrEP medicine is used inc ombination of other preventative measures such as….

Answer 11

condoms, risk reduction counseling, regular HIV testing, see HCP after every 3 months

Question 12

what are the known genetic mutations for female breast cancer?

Answer 12

BRCA 1 or BRCA 2

Question 13

what should you know for a pt following a mastectomy?

Answer 13

do range of motion exercises and no bp/iv sticks in the same arm

Question 14

what are the neutropenia precautions?

Answer 14

avoid crowds, no raw fruits and vegetables, monitor temp daily, no plants for flowers, private room if hospitalized

Question 15

what are some things to know about bleeding precautions?

Answer 15

use a electric razor, use stool softener, keep injections and sticks to a minimum, apply direct pressure for no less than 5 minutes if laceration occurs

Question 16

reed-sternberg cells belong to what disease?

Answer 16

hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 17

how are reed-sternberg cells defined?

Answer 17

by biopsy

Question 18

what are b symptoms of hodgkin’s lymphoma?

Answer 18

fever, night sweats, weight loss

Question 19

what can cause multiple myeloma?

Answer 19

hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, bone disease

Question 20

what can diagnose multiple myeloma?

Answer 20

CRAB criterion

Question 21

what is the crab criterion?

Answer 21

c- hyperCalcemia
R- renal insufficiency
A- anemia
B- bone disease

Question 22

what is an example of an type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 22

immediate and rapid suchs as allergies, anaphylaxis, and asthma

Question 23

what is an example of a type ii reaction?

Answer 23

cytotoxic- transfusion reaction

Question 24

what is an example of type III hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 24

immune complex such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis

Question 25

what is type 4 hypersensitivity?

Answer 25

delayer hypersenstitivty, contact dermatitis to poision ivy, positive TB test, latex allergy

Question 26

how do you treat type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 26

o2 100% nonrebreather

Question 27

what is the number one thing to do for a pt experiencing a hypersensitivty reaction type I?

Answer 27

Epipen IM, call 911 after giving and can repeat every 5-15 min

Question 28

what are things that could trigger a latex allergy?

Answer 28

medical gloves

Question 29

rheumatoid arthritis joints are affected....

Answer 29

symetrically

Question 30

when is rheumatoid worse? why?

Answer 30

in the morning because of lack of mobility

Question 31

what medicine is given for rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 31

methotrexate

Question 32

when taking methotrexate, what should you also take? why?

Answer 32

folic acid to prevent mouth sores

Question 33

scleroderma can cause...

Answer 33

raynaunds's phenomenon

Question 34

what is raynaunds phenomemnon?

Answer 34

caused by exposure to cold, fingers become to blanch white and become blue and then red from reactice hyperemia

Question 35

what is the treatment for scleroderma?

Answer 35

wear gloves and dress warmly

Question 36

lupus affects the kidneys which means you should watch..

Answer 36

urinary output

Question 37

what are the symptoms of lupus?

Answer 37

butterfly rash, lupus nephritis, neuropathy

Question 38

what is the treatment for lupus?

Answer 38

avoid prolonged sun exposure and wear 50 SPF or higher on daily basis

Question 39

what are the risk factors for gout?

Answer 39

obesity, hypertension, eating large amount of meat and seafood, using thiazide diruetics, and consuming large amounts of alcohol

Question 40

what medicine may you use for gout?

Answer 40

nsaids such as indomethacin and colchine

Question 41

what is acute gout NEVER treated with first?

Answer 41

uric acid lowering agents such as allopurinol

Question 42

what should you teach your patients with gout?

Answer 42

avoid alcohol (beer) and avoid high purine foods

Question 43

what should you get before initiating therapy for RA pateints?

Answer 43

baseline renal and hepatic functions

Question 44

before the initation of biological therapies, what is needed?

Answer 44

a TB test and hepatitis

Question 45

what should you monitor for with DMARDS?

Answer 45

CBC and liver enzymes

Question 46

what do DMARDS do?

Answer 46

cause immunosuppresion

Question 47

biological therapy dmards increase the risk for

Answer 47

infections such as tb and fungal infections and cancer

Question 48

what are some examples of biological therapy DMARDS?

Answer 48

infliximad and etanercept

Question 49

what should you be cautious of if your patient is on methotrexate?

Answer 49

lab enzymes, take folic acid to prevent ulcers, avoid alcohol, proper birth control measures, patients with renal insufficiency require lower doses

Question 50

scleroderma causes the accumulation of ______ resulting in

Answer 50

collagen; damage and hardened skin

Question 51

what are three important manifestations of scleroderma?

Answer 51

raynounds, scleroderma renal crisis, and hypertension

Question 52

what are triggering factors for lupus?

Answer 52

pregnancy, exercise, sunlight, illness, major surgery, silica dust, medication allergies

Question 53

what are risk factors for developing gout?

Answer 53

obesity, hypertension, eating large amounts of meat and seafood, using thiazide diuretics, consuming alcohol

Question 54

what is the nonpharmalogical treatment of gout?

Answer 54

weight management

Question 55

what NSAIDS can you give pts with gout?

Answer 55

indomethacin and colchicine

Question 56

acute gout is never treated with

Answer 56

allopurinol

Question 57

what medicine should be avoided in gout treatment? why?

Answer 57

aspirin because it can increase uric acid levels by causing retention of uric acid