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Fundamentals NUR 101 > Exam 5 (Pharm) > Flashcards

Exam 5 (Pharm) Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Reason for taking gingko

A

Improves circulation

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2
Q

Action of gingko

A

Protect neurons from oxidation

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3
Q

Contraindications of gingko (2)

A
  1. Bleeding disorders
  2. Seizure disorders
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4
Q

Gingko adverse reactions (6)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Dizziness
  3. Heart palpitations
  4. Constipation
  5. Upset stomach
  6. Skin irritations
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5
Q

Do not eat ___ of gingko

A

Raw leaves

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6
Q

Monitor for ___ , __ & ___ when taking gingko

A

Bleeding
Sz activity
Skin irritations

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7
Q

What are the reasons for taking morphine?

A

Moderate Pain
Severe Pain
Sedation

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8
Q

What is the action of morphine?

A

Binds to MU receptors in the central nervous system. Slows down CNS

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9
Q

What are the contraindications for morphine (3)?

A
  1. Decreased LOC, BP, or HR
  2. Severe Asthma
  3. Mixing with other opioids or CNS depressants
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10
Q

What are adverse reactions to morphine (7)?

A
  1. Respiratory depressant
  2. Hypotension
  3. Bradycardia
  4. Purititis
  5. Sedation
  6. Addiction
  7. Chronic Constipation
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11
Q

When taking morphine, monitor what (3)?

A

RR, BP, & LOC

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12
Q

When taking morphine, assess pt.’s what?

A

Pain level

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13
Q

When taking morphine, check __ before administering.

A

Level of consciousness

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14
Q

When taking morphine, monitor for s/s of__.

A

Overdose

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15
Q

Morphine pt. education. May cause ___/___. Therefore pt. should do these 2 things.

A

May cause dizziness/lightheadedness
1. Stand or change positions slowly
2. Caution when driving or operating heavy machinery

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16
Q

Morphine pt. education. May cause ___. Recommend using a ___.

A

May cause constipation
Recommend using a stool softener daily

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17
Q

Avoid ___ or ___ when taking morphine.

A

Alcohol or other CNS depressants (benzo)

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18
Q

Respiratory rate ___ hold and notify MD. (morphine)

A

Less than 10

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19
Q

S/S of morphine overdose

A

Decrease LOC & decreased respirations

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20
Q

Antidote for morphine is ___.

A

naloxone (Narcan)

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21
Q

Reason for taking aspirin

A

Post CVA, MI, & stent placements
larger dose: pain

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22
Q

Aspirin contraindications (4)

A

Many drugs
Amiodarone
PPI
CCB
NSAIDS

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23
Q

Aspirin Adverse reactions (5)

A

Bleeding
- Gums
- Nosebleeds
- Puncture sites
- Surgical sites
- Hematuria

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24
Q

Monitor for ____ or ____ with aspirin

A

Bleeding or bruising

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25
Medication list for ___ (Aspirin)
Other NSAIDS, anticoagulants
26
Monitor ___ & ____ (Aspirin)
Platelets & hemoglobin (very little effect on these labs but if they are already low, could be an issue)
27
Report any ___ or ___ to your physician (pt. education Aspirin)
Unusual bleeding or bruising
28
Do not crush ___ aspirin
Enteric-coated
29
Caution with ____, ____, and ____ (Aspirin)
Ginko, ginger, & st. john's wart
30
Reason for taking warfarin
Long term management of an MI, Afib, or any implantable devices
31
Action of warfarin
Inhibits production of vitamin K dependent clotting factors
32
Warfarin contraindications (4)
Recent surgeries GI bleeds PUD Many drug interactions
33
Warfarin adverse reactions (3)
Bleeding Purple Toe Syndrome Warfarin Toxicity
34
Assess ____ before and after administering warfarin
Bleeding
35
Monitor ____ levels with warfarin (values)
PT/INR 1.0 normal 2 - 3.5 for therapeutic
36
Be ready to administer ___ if bleeding occurs with warfarin
Vitamin K 10 mg
37
For l____ t___ bleeding, administer (warfarin)
Life-threatening Kcentra
38
(Pt. education, warfarin) Avoid ___
Alcohol
39
(Pt. education, warfarin) Report any ___ or ___ to physician
Unusual bleeding or bruising
40
(Pt. education, warfarin) Do not change intake amount of
Green leafy vegetables you eat
41
(Pt. education, warfarin) Avoid all ___
Herbal medication
42
What do you do if the warfarin level is toxic?
Stop medication, notify MD and prepare to administer vitamin K. Watch for bleeding
43
What are examples of foods to avoid with warfarin?
Green leafy vegetables Spinach, Kale, Cabbage, Lettuce, but also Tomatoes
44
What 2 cardiac medications can decrease the effectiveness of warfarin?
Amiodarone & Diltiazem
45
What drug is often used with warfarin until warfarin reaches a therapeutic level?
Heparin IV D/c after warfarin reaches therapeutic level
46
After receiving Vit. K, how long are pt.s resistant to warfarin?
Up to 7 days
47
The liver will begin to make more clotting factors once warfarin is stopped, but it can take up to ___ reach homeostasis. What is given to speed to process along?
3 or 4 days Vit. K is given
48
Reason for taking Heparin ________ to prevent clot formation in pt. with the following conditions (5)
Prophylactically 1. MI (heart attack) 2. Atrial fibrillation 3. CVA 4. Post Stent 5. Implanted Devices
49
Action of heparin Inhibits __ formation. Specifically, lla (thrombin) Lovenox works more on ____
Clot Factor Xa
50
Heparin contraindications (3)
Recent surgeries GI bleed PUD
51
Adverse reaction to heparin (3)
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) Excessive bleeding Bruising
52
Why is IV anticoagulant Heparin more dangerous?
Because bleeding can occur quickly
53
Assess ___ before & after administering Heparin
Bleeding
54
Assess low ___ (heparin)
Hemoglobin (anemia)
55
Assess ___ levels before administering each dose of heparin
PTT
56
___ levels bt. ___ & _____ is considered therapeutic (heparin)
PTT bt. 46-70
57
Check med list for other ___ heparin
Anti-coagulants
58
Report any ___ or ___ to the physician (Pt. education, heparin)
Unusual bleeding or bruising
59
(Pt. education) Rotate ___ with heparin
Injection sites
60
Avoid ___ with Heparin
Medication that causes bleeding (ex. NSAIDS)
61
(Pt. education) Heparin medication may ___
Burn or bruise
62
What is a unique aspect to heparin administration?
Keep the air bubble in the syringe
63
Antidote for heparin
Protamine Sulfate 1mg/100 units of heparin used
64
What site is heparin anticoagulants administered on a pt.
Love handles (only)
65
Reason for taking metoprolol (Lopressor) (3)
Hypertension Heart Failure Angina r/t (MI)
66
Action of metoprolol (Lopressor)
Blocks beta receptors which decrease effects of epinephrine & norepinephrine
67
Metoprolol (Lopressor) contraindications (3)
Heart blocks Sick sinus syndrome (SA node not effective = HR slow followed by pauses and increase HR) Bradycardia syndrome
68
Metoprolol (Lopressor) adverse reactions (3)
Rebound hypertension Fatigue Cold hands & feet
69
What do you check before administering metoprolol (Lopressor)?
Bp & apical pulse
70
Patient HR is 45 bpm, what should you do, if anything (metoprolol)(Lopressor)?
Hold & notify MD for orders. Rule <60 hold
71
Pt. should take metoprolol (Lopressor) at __
The same time everyday
72
Diabetics on metoprolol (Lopressor) need to __, Why?
Monitor glucose interferes with insulin production = lower BS

Fundamentals NUR 101 (8 decks)

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