Exam Flashcards

Question

What is the root cause for sensationalism

Answer 1

The battle for attention; they want to be the first to break the news and in doing this, they can get info wrong and cause even more problems

Answer 2

False novelty (making something look like news when it has been knows for a long time), False urgency (creating a sense that things are happening quickly to add to the story), exaggerated risk, leaving out details, emotional language and imagery, naming news (giving criminals a nickname)

Answer 3

fewer and fewer people are determining what we watch, hear and read —compromising our access to accurate and unbiased info Many people say that we cannot live in a vibrant democracy unless people get divergent sources of info so, this trend in media ownership compromises the democratic nature of society

Answer 4

In the US 5 or 6 media conglomerates control almost all forms of mainstream media (90% of what we consume)

Answer 5

media conglomerates only have control over mainstream media, that there are a wide variety of alternative media sources that exist today that offer plenty of divergent views and perspectives

Answer 6

Media conglomerates’ focus is to make profit NOT to educate the public by providing intelligent, balanced commentary on issues

Answer 7

Media owners say they are giving people what they want

Answer 8

the presence of excessive advertising media and messages that shape and promote a rampant consumerism by creating an image of necessity

Answer 9

The term McWorld refers to the spread of Western culture all across the world (more specifically, McDonalds)

Answer 10

Consumerism is harmful because buying more than we need increases pressure on Earth’s resources and the size of our ecological footprint, and it contributes to environmental degradation.

Answer 11

Consumerism is a largely 20th-century movement that seeks assurances that what is sold to the public is of good quality

Answer 12

American linguist, political activist, philosopher cognitive scientist, author and MIT professor of linguistics

Answer 13

Manufacturing Consent-- The Political Economy of the Mass Media in 1988

Answer 14

Basically the argument that the medias primary function is to mobilize public support for the special interests that dominate the government and private sector

Answer 15

The major decisions in America are in the hands of a relatively concentrated network of major corporations and conglomerates and investment firms

Answer 16

2 targets; Political Class (20% of population) The remaining 80%

Answer 17

The National Media sets a general agenda that others more or less adhere to The Elite Media are sort of the agenda setting media (EG. New York Times), they set the general framework The local media just follow suit

Answer 18

Emphasizing and framing issues Filtering info etc

Answer 19

Greenwashing is a term used to describe the practices of companies or groups attempting to promote a positive environmental or social image to undermine and minimize the damage done to their brand or reputation by public criticism (when they advertise that it is good for the environment, but it is not)

Answer 20

actions performed via the Internet in support of a political or social cause but regarded as requiring little time or personal involvement,

Answer 21

signing an online petition or joining a campaign group on a social media website, tweeting

Answer 22

They are the same thing, just two different perspectives; slacktivism people support a cause with the animal effort plausible Digital activism is people that take activism on line and spread awareness via the internet and raise awareness to people who can make a change

Answer 23

A war photographer

Answer 24

Journalist who went to Syria to document what was happening, got captured, head was cut off as a statement by ISIS

Answer 25

The Arab Spring, James Foley was captured and held hostage for weeks, eventually released

Answer 26

Director and producer of the documentary "Budrus"

Answer 27

It shows the peaceful protests and how it is having a positive impact the Palestinian village of Budrus mounted a 10-month-long nonviolent protest to stop a barrier being built across their olive groves. Did you hear about it? Didn't think so. Brazilian filmmaker Julia Bacha asks why we only pay attention to violence in the Israel-Palestine conflict — and not to the nonviolent leaders who may one day bring peace.

Answer 28

Because the media is so sensationalized, only showing violent images, and leaving out the positive impact of the peaceful movements... showing people the success of peaceful movements inspires even more people to also take part in peaceful movements and not violent ones

Answer 29

Economic development that is conducted without depletion of natural resources... basically development that allows for out children to live in a world still

Answer 30

The trend of greater interconnectedness of the world (financial, economic, technological, politics, cultural, sociological, ecological and geographical systems)

Answer 31

Corporations have become transnational by having operations throughout the world. Very controversial. Supporters say it brings efficiency and global wealth. Others say it increases economic disparity and creates transnational corporations that have more power than governments which leads to exploitation.

Answer 32

Allows for countries to come together to create a common good for all involved (e.g. NAFTA, UN, G20, EU, etc.)

Answer 33

refers to the gradual harmonization of the world’s cultures at the expense of distinctly different local cultures. Very controversial

Answer 34

interconnectedness of the world’s financial systems. Based not on individual nations but world cities and their financial markets

Answer 35

involves the idea that we need to treat the world as a single ecosystem, that we all need to protect

Answer 36

we are all members of a global society and that we share certain global attitudes and standards of behaviours (e.g. morality of capital punishment, the role of women in society, etc.)

Answer 37

the idea that the world has become borderless and is dominated by political, economic, cultural relationships that exist among the networks of world cities and the regions surrounding them.

Answer 38

the connection of the global village through communication and technology

Answer 39

Cultural, geographical, technological, sociological, economic, ecological, financial, political

Answer 40

Development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations

Answer 41

a perfect example of how technological globalization can increase the digital divide One Laptop per Child (OLPC) is a non-profit organization whose goal is to transform education by providing every child with access to a connected laptop computer and an ecosystem of educational support. OLPC believes that laptops can leverage children’s innate curiosity and desire to learn, to develop critical thinking skills and to foster a lifelong love of learning. Their mission is to create educational opportunities for all by providing children with a rugged, low-cost, low-power, connected laptop with content and software designed for collaborative, joyful, self-empowered learning.

Answer 42

Encourages the spread of democracy and spread of political freedom. Most people see speedy travel, mass communications and quick dissemination of information through the internet as benefits of globalization Encourages common attitudes and ideas of universal values (e.g. universal human rights, women’s rights, etc.) -- although these could also be bad (e.g. mass consumption) It allows us to study the world in a more holistic manner, which may lead to new ways of dealing with issues. There is the possibility that this interdependence could lead to a more connected “global community” who could come together to work to end the issues that plague the world.

Answer 43

Reinforces economic disparities (the gap between the rich and poor). The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Increases the digital divide (those that have access to communication technology and those that don’t) A financial crisis in one country ripples through the economies of the world, leading to economic crises everywhere. Globalization leads to an increase in sweatshop and child labour and a decrease in salary and wage protection. It increases exploitation of the poor. It increases exploitation of migrant labourers. Globalization of disease (an increased spread of pandemics around the world) The rights of the majority of the world’s people and those working to protect the planet have been undermined for the benefit of profit, new consumer goods, and market based economies. Presents as a cultural threat with the Americanization of global culture and the corresponding loss of diversity. Encourages adoption of concepts like mass consumption, consumerism and environmental destruction. Economic globalization and the rise of consumption and consumerism as a result of cultural globalization have lead to an increasing amount of environmental destruction: Increasing pollution Increasing deforestation Increase use of natural resources in an unsustainable way (e.g. water, fossil fuels, etc.) Increase in climate change and global warming With the rise of the power and wealth of multinational and transnational corporations (economic globalization), countries risk losing their sovereignty, as transnational corporations often have more wealth and power than some governments. Therefore, countries often lose their ability to make decisions that are best for their citizens and instead do what is best for the corporation. This leads to an increase in political corruption

Answer 44

Shell (gas company) kills for the oil, and is destructive of the environment Oil spills are massive and destroys the water resources and crops extraction— gases are exposed to the environment, the gases are creating massive amount of greenhouse gases people consume toxins and are medically harmed in 1990’s people started uprising against shell, after a peaceful protest— shell went to the government and they killed the Ogoni Nine greenwashing campaigns they do gas flaring and that is harming the environment

Answer 45

In Nigeria

Answer 46

an organization that owns or controls production of goods or services in one or more countries other than their home country. It can also be referred as an international corporation, a "transnational corporation", or a stateless corporation

Answer 47

the using of a resource (and humans are ding it excessively)

Answer 48

the government tried to provide subsidies to the fishing industry to provide economic growth and jobs for the people, yet encouraged over fishing Too many people “predators” to catch food “prey”, and the prey run out, then the people start to suffer and die, then prey became more and people were able to eat then eat too much, its a feedback loop even though there are a guidelines on how much fish to fish, it doest take into account any other organism or anything of the food change

Answer 49

Natural Resources, Territorial Conflict, Cultural Conflict, Religious Conflict, Global Geopolitical Conflict

Answer 50

with the combination of global industrial development and population growth, this is often a source of conflict demand for finite resources is growing — obviously the most contentious resource today is OIL, yet it is agreed by many that WATER will be the resource in hot demand in the future

Answer 51

Occurs when two or more groups want to control the same territory e.g. Israel - Palestine

Answer 52

indigenous groups and majority populations have historically fought these battles and they continue to most indigenous groups around the world are looking to have historical injustices rectified and are asking for compensation for land lost during colonization, the implementation of unfulfilled treaty agreements, and greater political autonomy e.g. Canadian government vs. First Nations, Inuit and Metis Mexico and the Zapatistas (watch VICE video online)

Answer 53

Religion one of the most powerful forces in the world — provides individuals with spiritual guidance and often forms the basis for secular (non- religious) laws Religion unites people but also divides them (e.g. Ireland — Roman Catholics vs. Protestants, Iraq— Sunnis v. Shiites, India vs. Pakistan over Hindu Kashmir and Muslim Kashmiretc.)

Answer 54

Often conflicts within a particular country are little more than localized versions of global rivalries e.g. the Cold War - between 1950-1980 many proxy wars in Africa, Asia, and Latin America were fought between the West and the Communist bloc.

Answer 55

both have the same purpose — to resolve or prevent conflict to the benefit of a country they both involve the means by which countries tries to impose its will on another

Answer 56

includes economic power (aid, bribes and economic sanctions) and military power (military sanctions and force of arms) It includes Aid Payments and Bribes, Sanctions and force

Answer 57

used as tools in a dispute (often wealthier countries will provide a variety of financial incentives to poorer countries to gain their support)

Answer 58

measures taken by countries or international organizations (e.g. UN, NATO, etc.) against countries to force them to change policies

Answer 59

one country may free the assets of another

Answer 60

e.g. imposing no fly zones of areas

Answer 61

the ultimate expression of hard power (military force etc. )

Answer 62

can be used decisively against someone that soft power won’t work on

Answer 63

don’t want to be too willing to use this form of power as it could cause major geopolitical tension and huge social, environmental and economic costs. (e.g. US War on Iraq)

Answer 64

more persuasive approach

Answer 65

Co-option, Public Diplomacy, Government Diplomacy

Answer 66

the process by which potential opponents become closely tied to one another long before an actual conflict occurs (e.g. creation of the EU co-opted many countries to each other)

Answer 67

process that aims to create an ongoing positive image of a country in the minds of citizens of another country. May prevent conflicts from occurring

Answer 68

international negotiations that take place formally. Used to prevent conflict or settle disputes

Answer 69

good way to prevent conflict or to ensure small conflicts don’t escalate

Answer 70

can be very slow and some opponents might be closed to this diplomacy

Answer 71

exists between rivals of very different military capabilities (A.K.A. guerrilla warfare” or terror activities) occurs where the weaker side fights with whatever weapons are at hand (e.g. car bombs, suicide bombers, improvised explosive devices IEDs etc.) the reason for this is that the weaker side hopes that the more powerful, conventional force will not be able to respond effectively to this type of attack and that public support will diminish used in Syria, Iraq, Colombia, Pakistan, etc. this isn’t surprising because the weaker side cannot fight a conventional war against much more powerful countries/governments

Answer 72

Uprising because of exploitation and injustice of workers EZLN— the Mexican People that declared war it was the workers against the government this uprising is now looked upon as a good thing, now that helped to change the government and make the worker’s lives better

Answer 73

A tool that displays the state of hunger in countries around the world

Answer 74

a severe short-term shortage of food caused by temp. failure of food production or distribution that leads to starvation. This may be a result of natural causes (drought)

Answer 75

extreme hunger that happens over a long period of time. When people fail to receive essential nutrients from food (minerals, vitamins, etc). The body starts to break down its own tissues to gain energy, resulting in body mass decline

Answer 76

medical condition of poor health caused by a diet that includes too much, or too little, of one or more essential nutrients. By this definition, obesity and high blood pressure could be considered diseases of malnutrition

Answer 77

over nutrition and undernutrition

Answer 78

Generally, malnutrition is caused by lack of nutrients

Answer 79

The amount of nutrients exceeds the amount required for normal growth, development, and metabolism. The term can also refer to: Obesity, which usually occurs by overeating

Answer 80

results of an insecure supply of food. People suffer from this because they lack to opportunity or ability to earn enough money to grow or buy food. They are undernourished and unable to lead healthy lives

Answer 81

The distance food travels from field to table

Answer 82

large-scale operations that produce the highest output of livestock, poultry and even fit at the lowest cost

Answer 83

Began 1943 when the Rockefeller Foundation started an agricultural research foundation in Mexico to develop more productive varieties of wheat to feed the rapidly growing population Basic idea was that the selective breeding methods that had greatly improved agricultural productivity in the developed world would have the same success in developing nations HYVs (high-yield varieties) are crops that are specially bred/selected to have an increased growth rate, percentage of usable plant parts or resistance crop diseases The Green Revolution used traditional cross breeding, hoping to have the desirable genes moved from one parent to the offspring

Answer 84

After WW2, population exploded and people were concerned that there wouldn't be enough food Green revolution ensured that there was Without it, much more land would have had to be used for traditional farming techniques in order to meet the growing population Food production increased faster than population, allowing for cheaper food and better diets of the people

Answer 85

Costly inputs (chemical fertilizers and pesticides) that poorer farmers cannot afford, so this had made the rich farmers wealthy but not helped to poor Loss of genetic diversity— only planed a few varieties, and if one type fails, and there are only two in total, there is no crop to fall back on Not environmentally sustainable, as the soil was mainly chemical Significantly benefited developed countries, as the Green Revolution required machinery, chemical fertilizers, and that all came from developed countries Primarily helped countries where there was good soil and rainfall, did not help with countries that didn't have good soil and rainfall Developed rice a wheat, but in countries where yams and millet were the staples (in Africa) they were unable to be benefited Woman farmers grew most of crops in developing countries, and didn't have enough money to access to financing to get in on the Green Revolution

Answer 86

When not eating enough, or receiving enough nutrients, the children may become stunted They will not be able to grow properly

Answer 87

These are not crops that cling to the side of skyscrapers but rice or maize sacks filled with soil, which allow women with limited land to grow food on multiple levels. This type of farming is highly efficient, requiring little space, water or equipment, and the sacks stand directly outside people’s front doors

Answer 88

occurs when the UN (and sometimes other international agencies) proved a force of soldiers, and often police and civilian officials, to maintain order in a country or region that has experienced conflict a prerequisite for peacekeeping is an agreement, by al the war renting parties, to stop fighting and accept the authority of the peacekeepers

Answer 89

occurs when the UN or other forces must impose peace on warring factions Peacemaking does not occur nearly as often as peacekeeping because it requires powerful military forces and can be very dangerous

Answer 90

NATO— North Atlantic Treaty Organizations Created as an US-lead defence and security organization to counteract the threat to western Europe posed by the Soviet Union and its allies Had to reinvent itself because the soviet union broke up and they needed a new purpose, also some countries that were apart of the Warsaw Pact (the union that counteracted the NATO) wanted to join

Answer 91

The General Assembly is where most of the discussion, debate, and decision-making among Member States over the world’s most pressing problems take place The decisions made in the General Assembly drive the work of the UN Decisions are usually not called for until there is broad agreement among Member States. When a vote has to be called on UN priority matters (such as peace, security, budgetary matters or the admission of new members), a two-thirds majority vote is required. All other matters require a simple majority of more than half the votes cast; however, a vote is not usually called until a substantial majority of Member States has indicated support. Although the decisions of the General Assembly cannot force any state to take particular actions, General Assembly Resolutions are considered to be an indication of world opinion

Answer 92

Primarily responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Security Council is the only UN body that can order the use of force to implement its decisions. The mandate of the Security Council is set out in the UN Charter.

Answer 93

United States, China, Russia, France, and the United Kingdom

Answer 94

Every member of the Security Council has one vote, but not all the votes are of equal weight. For a proposal before the Security Council to pass, it must receive an affirmative vote from at least nine members. However, if one of the permanent members votes against the proposal, the adoption of that proposal will be prevented. This is called the veto or “great power unanimity” and will prevent the adoption of a proposal even if it has received nine affirmative votes. All Member States are required to carry out a decision of the Security Council

Answer 95

The main aims of the UN are set out in its charter: • promoting human rights • maintaining international peace • reducing poverty and injustice

Answer 96

The primary judicial body of the United Nations. It is a civil court that deals primarily with disputes between Member States and does not have the jurisdiction to prosecute individuals accused of crimes. The ICJ has two main roles: it settles disputes referred to it by Member States and gives opinions on legal questions referred to it by authorized bodies of the UN. When making a decision, the court will apply international law, including: international treaties and conventions, international custom, general principles of law, existing judicial decisions, and sometimes the writings of international scholars and academics. Only Member States are able to submit disputes, called “contentious cases.” All parties to the dispute must agree that the ICJ has the power to hear the matter and that they will be bound by the decision of the court. If a party to a dispute believes another party has not lived up to their obligations under a decision of the ICJ, it can appeal to the Security Council, which has the power to decide what measures to take to enforce the judgment

Answer 97

the deliberate large-scale manipulation of an environmental process that affects the earth's climate, in an attempt to counteract the effects of global warming

Answer 98

a tax on fossil fuels, especially those used by motor vehicles, intended to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide

Answer 99

a system for controlling carbon emissions and other forms of atmospheric pollution by which an upper limit is set on the amount a given business or other organization may produce but which allows further capacity to be bought from other organizations that have not used their full allowance

Answer 100

a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels

Answer 101

195 countries mad to work together to address global climate change aims to limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels by 2100 To achieve this, global greenhouse gas emissions will need to be cut by about 40-70 percent by 2050, and by 2100 the planet must be carbon-neutral each country must submit its own plan to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and deal with the impact of climate change. not legally binding and does not penalize nations who fail to meet their commitments. But it does impose an obligation on countries to implement their plans, and includes a review process designed to shame them into compliance, while putting pressure on them to increase the scope of their efforts every five years

Answer 102

europeans had this type of view in the mid 18th century. Had no are for the environment, believed that the world had limitless resources and space. Their goal was to produce goods cheaper and faster, and provide jobs and goods

Answer 103

began to develop in late 18th century. Placed emphasis on the spiritual and emotional connection that binds humans and the environment together. Their work started conservation parks, that could not be touched by human distraction. They thought that cities were dehumanizing and artificial

Answer 104

The earth is alive in its own right, it is a living organism Earths living organisms have regulated the temperature with their exertion of carbon dioxide and other gases Names after greek goddess of earth there is constant feedback between the living and non-living things on the earth to maintain life-giving components Human activities are overwhelming the regulation systems and are causing a big threat to the earth

Answer 105

based on computer models predicting what might happen if current growth trends continue the experts believe that there are limits to population growth like metals and renewable resources such as soil and air that can be overused or damaged Belief that the population of humanity will exceed the earths carrying capacity— ability to sustain only a certain amount of humans

Answer 106

the belief that scientific and technological advances will develop new resources to take place of the depleted ones The example that solar power can take the place of oil this is an expansionist theory and many of them are economists who believe that the only way to create jobs and wealth is through expansion

Answer 107

This theory states that no 2 countries that have a McDonald’s will ever fight each other in war as they will have reached a point where the citizens of the country realize that they have too much to loose. the countries that have a McDonalds are at a point where the majority of the citizens are of middle-class (so they have wealth). This theory only failed 2 times, however the Dell theory has taken its place but has the exact same concept with Dell computers

Answer 108

term usually expressing concern over the use of limited resources available on Earth and encouraging everyone on it to act as a harmonious crew working toward the greater good

Answer 109

process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable.

Answer 110

to use or expend carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose

Answer 111

the system of chemically intensive food production developed in the decades after World War II, featuring enormous single-crop farms and animal production facilities This is bad because it is destroying the environment and taking away jobs and such

Answer 112

any political or popular movement intended to reclaim and reoccupy a "lost" or "unredeemed" area; territorial claims are justified on the basis of real or imagined national and historic (an area formerly part of that state) or ethnic (an area inhabited by that group) reasons

Answer 113

an extreme form of a patriotic feeling, especially marked by a feeling of superiority over other countries

Answer 114

a system of ideas and ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Answer 115

exaggerated or aggressive patriotism

Answer 116

A quick check on google seems to suggest that Patriotism is feeling good about your country, Nationalism is feeling that your country is superior to others, and Chauvinism is aggressively promoting that your country is better

Answer 117

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force

Answer 118

leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others

Answer 119

a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.

Answer 120

If spread across the U.S. the aquifer would cover all 50 states with 1.5 feet of water If drained, it would take more than 6,000 years to refill naturally More than 90 percent of the water pumped is used to irrigate crops $20 billion a year in foodand fiber depend on the aquifer

Answer 121

Islamist militant group al-Shabab is battling the UN-backed government in Somalia, and has carried out a string of attacks in neighbouring Kenya. The group, which is allied to al-Qaeda, has been pushed out of most of the main towns it once controlled, but it remains a potent threat. Al-Shabab means The Youth in Arabic.

Answer 122

a separation of class/levels given to you at birth will ultimately decide the fate of the rest of your life

Answer 123

Propoganda Repressive government No rights (freedom of speech, movement, religious freedom,) Collective punishment Political prison camps (end up in these by listening to south korea stuff, you and 2 generations of your fam will end up here, much forced labour)

Answer 124

the government decides what job you get depending on your level of the Songbun Political Apartheid system

Answer 125

These girls are being pulled from school, raped, beat, their childhood is robbed

Answer 126

trade in which fair prices are paid to producers in developing countries Any products that are made as a result of fair trade are tabled as such

Answer 127

because it is the "lungs" of the earth, species are becoming extinct, people are being displaced

Answer 128

for land, agriculture, paper, furniture,

Answer 129

Human trafficking is the trade of humans, most commonly for the purpose of sexual slavery, forced labor, or commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others.

Answer 130

Mineral in makeup, makes the makeup shimmery

Answer 131

child labour, unsafe working conditions

Answer 132

Diseases are being transmitted to every area in the world air travel is how it can spread so quickly poor countries cant afford the medicine to cure

Answer 133

people who have been jailed because of their political, religious or other conscientiously-held beliefs-- and they have not used or advocated violence

Answer 134

because it results in the killing of animals (elephants)

Answer 135

Explosive remnants of war (ERW) are explosive munitions left behind after a conflict has ended. They include unexploded artillery shells, grenades, mortars, rockets, air-dropped bombs, and cluster munitions

Answer 136

An improvised explosive device (IED) is a bomb constructed and deployed in ways other than in conventional military action. It may be constructed of conventional military explosives, such as an artillery round, attached to a detonating mechanism. IEDs are commonly used as roadside bombs.

Answer 137

a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions. Commonly, this is a cluster bomb that ejects explosive bomblets that are designed to kill personnel and destroy vehicles

Answer 138

containers of explosive material with detonating systems that are triggered by contact with a person or vehicle. They are designed to incapacitate that person or vehicle through damage caused by an explosive blast, fragments

Answer 139

“Silent Spring” presents a view of nature compromised by synthetic pesticides, especially DDT. Once these pesticides entered the biosphere, Carson argued, they not only killed bugs but also made their way up the food chain to threaten bird and fish populations and could eventually sicken children. Much of the data and case studies that Carson drew from weren’t new; the scientific community had known of these findings for some time, but Carson was the first to put them all together for the general public and to draw stark and far-reaching conclusions. In doing so, Carson, the citizen-scientist, spawned a revolution. “Silent Spring,” which has sold more than two million copies, made a powerful case for the idea that if humankind poisoned nature, nature would in turn poison humankind.

Answer 140

WITNESS trains and supports activists and citizens around the world to use video safely, ethically, and effectively to expose human rights abuse and fight for human rights change.

Answer 141

the spread of nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and weapons-applicable nuclear technology and information to nations not recognized as "Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also known as the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or NPT

Answer 142

Colombian president Juan Manuel Santos has been awarded the 2016 Nobel Peace Prize days after his peace deal was rejected in a referendum. Announcing their decision in Oslo, the Nobel committee praised Mr Santos' “resolute efforts to bring the country's more than 50-year-long civil war to an end”. Mr Santos' peace deal with Farc guerillas, the result of four years of negotiations, was narrowly rejected in a referendum in the country on Sunday. But the Nobel committee said despite the shock result of the referendum, Mr Santos "has brought the bloody conflict significantly closer to a peaceful resolution".

Answer 143

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia are Colombia's largest rebel group. They were founded in 1964 Their main founders were small farmers and land workers who had banded together to fight against the staggering levels of inequality in Colombia at the time. While the Farc have some urban groups, they have always been an overwhelmingly rural guerrilla organisation.

Answer 144

The National Liberation Army (Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional - ELN) is one of the two main guerrilla armies with left-wing political ideologies operating in Colombia. Initially a Marxist-Leninist nationalist movement, it now appears more focused on kidnapping, extortion and attacks on economic infrastructure. And while it eschewed drug trafficking for decades, it has recently been linked to the narcotics trade and has sought alliances with large drug trafficking organizations

Answer 145

The United Self-Defense Forces of Colombia (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia - AUC) was a coalition of right-wing death squads that used the conflict to camouflage their illicit economic activities. These included drug trafficking, displacement, kidnapping, and extortion. The AUC once operated in two-thirds of the country with approximately 30,000 soldiers.

Answer 146

FARC, AUC, ELN and the government

Answer 147

Cocaine started it, many drug cartels

Answer 148

As the ice melts, the boundaries become unclear There is much oils under that everyone wants Everyone wants the territory to make the ship routs shorter for them, but they may actually be going into other people's territory

Answer 149

a sovereign state whose citizens or subjects are relatively homogeneous in factors such as language or common descent.

Answer 150

claimed by ISIS Mosul is the largest population center under ISIS control, a key source of prestige and resources and a living advertisement for the group’s claim that it is building a state.

Answer 151

modern day slaves sent to quaran schools in hopes of bettering education, bt they are actually forced to beg, are beat, starved Good thing-- the president has banned begging on streets now!

Answer 152

The Anti-balaka are a militia fighting in the Central African Republic composed primarily of Christians they are fighting the muslims all of this fighting is over the diamond mines

Answer 153

a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory

Answer 154

A nation may refer to a community of people who share a common language, culture, ethnicity, descent, and/or history. In this definition, a nation has no physical borders. However, it can also refer to people who share a common territory and government (for example the inhabitants of a sovereign state) irrespective of their ethnic make-up. A state is an organized political community, living under a government. The nation state is a state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving as a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit. The state is a political and geopolitical entity; the nation is a cultural and/or ethnic entity. The term "nation state" implies that the two geographically coincide

Answer 155

South Africa