Exam 6 Flashcards
(28 cards)
Digestive Tract wall and the order
Mucosa - Inner-most layer where the most absorption happens
Submucosa - Secretory glands, this layer supports the mucosa
Muscularis - Controls contractions and peristatic movement in the GI tract
Serosa - Gives strength to digestive tract and separates internal organs from the abdominal cavity
Duodenum
Where small intestine begins, absorption of vitamins and minerals start here.
Jejunum
Second Part of small intestine, absorbs amino acids, sugars, and fatty acids
Ileum
Last part of the small intestine, ends at the cecum. absorbs any final nutrients, usually b12 and bile acids
Function of the small intestine
Breakdown food, absorbs nutrients, extract water, and move food through GI tract
Large Intestine Function
Absorbing water, electrolytes, and vitamins, propelling stool towards rectum for elimination.
Large Intestine Order
Ascending (UP), Transcending (SIDEWAYS), Descending (Down)
Colostomy
Surgical opening to colon, allows stool to bypass diseased or damaged part of colon. (Can be temporary or permanent)
Jejunostomy
Tube inserted into jejunum part of small intestine to deliver food, nutrients, and medicine
Ileostomy
Surgical opening in small intestine used to evacuate stool from the Ileum part of the small intestine rather than the rectum.
NGT Insertion
An NG Tube is inserted into the stomach via the nasopharynx. This tube is used to remove gas, fluids, or toxic substances from the stomach to diagnose GI problems, obtain secretions, or to administer fluid and nutrients into the stomach. If patient is receiving feeding via NG Tube have bed elevated to at least 30 degrees. Tube should be contained to patients nose. Patients tend to breathe through their mouth after insertion. Preform oral care every 2 hours for comfort.
Tube carrying urine out of the body
Urethra
Urinary System Primary Organ
Kidney’s
Kidney’s Function
Excrete toxins and nitrogenous waste. Regulate chemicals in blood. Maintain Water balance. Helps regulate blood pressure and blood volume. Helps regulate blood cell production by secreting Erythroprotein (EPO).
Functions of the nurse when a patient is admitted:
First contact between the nurses and patient is important. A way to ease the patients anxiety and promote cooperation and positive response to treatment is to convey concern for the patient while implementing efficient admission routines. Explanations about facility policies, information about medical orders and procedures, and simple direct answers to common questions from the patient or family help the patient to feel more comfortable and in control of their situation
Behaviors of newcomers to a hospital
Every persons reaction to admission b to a health care facility is unique. Some reactions include fear of the unknown, loss of identity, disorientation, separation anxiety, and loneliness.
Reducing stress in patients
Use therapeutic/empathetic communication. The nurse should also help the patient orient themselves around their room and environment. Involve them in their plan of care and answer any questions the patient may have will alleviate much of their fear and anxiety upon admission to their environment.
Discharge Planning
is defined as the systematic process of planning for patient care after a patient discharges from a hospital or health care facility. Discharge planning starts the second a patient is admitted.
Acute Pain
is pain that begins abruptly with marked intensity of severe signs and symptoms and then ouster subsides after a period of time, typically lasting for (up to 6 months.) Appendicitis is considered acute.
Chronic Pain
Develops over time and persists over a long period of time, often a persons lifetime. (6 months and beyond) Pain from Diabetes Mellitus is considered chronic
Subjective Data for pain
The nurse encourages a full description by the patient of the onset, the course, and the character of the problem and any factors that aggravate or alleviate it.
Objective Data for pain
In a nursing assessment, signs are objective data as perceived by the nurse. What the nurse sees, hears, measures, and feels are considered objective data.
Pain assessment
use a pain rating scale to assess pain intensity systematically and manage pain. The most used numeric scale is 0-10. Ask the patient to rate pain from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Ratings of 3-5 are considered mild pain, ratings of
5-7 are considered moderate pain, and ratings greater than 7 are considered severe pain. Some agencies use a scale of 0-5. For children, use happy and sad faces to rate the pain. For clinical assessment, any of these scales is adequate and appropriate. However, always use the same scale with the same patient.
Before any procedure is performed
The practitioner has the legal duty to obtain informed consent before any medical procedure is performed.
