exam 6

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood?
a) Transportation of nutrients
b) Regulation of blood pH
c) Protection against infectious disease
d) Transportation of heat
e) Production of oxygen

Answer 1

Production of oxygen

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding blood?
a) The normal average temperature of blood is around 100.4o F.
b) The normal pH range for blood is 7.35-7.45.
c) Hemocytoblasts are a common component of circulating blood.
d) The primary circulating blood cell is the RBC.
e) Blood is a liquid connective tissue consisting of cells and a liquid extracellular matrix.

Answer 2

Hemocytoblasts are a common component of circulating blood.

Question 3

The hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of whole blood occupied by
a) WBCs.
b) platelets.
c) RBCs.
d) plasma.
e) plasma proteins.

Answer 3

RBCs

Question 4

The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called
a) hematospermia.
b) hemopoiesis.
c) thrombocytosis.
d) hemostasis.
e) polycythemia.

Answer 4

hemopoiesis.

Question 5

Which of the following hormones stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow?
a) erythropoietin (EPO)
b) thrombopoietin (TPO)
c) human growth hormone (hGH)
d) calcitonin (CT)
e) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 5

erythropoietin (EPO)

Question 6

Which of the following blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and is effective against parasitic worms?
a) Eosinophil
b) Monocyte
c) Lymphocyte
d) Basophil
e) Neutrophil

Answer 6

Eosinophil

Question 6

The major function of red blood cells is
a) nutrient transport.
b) cytokine stimulation.
c) blood cell proliferation.
d) gas transport.
e) disease resistance.

Answer 6

gas transport.

Question 7

Which of the following blood components is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel?
a) Erythrocyte
b) Platelet
c) Lymphocyte
d) Basophil
e) Neutrophil

Answer 7

Platelet

Question 8

Which of following correctly lists the sequence of steps that occur during hemostasis in response to a damaged blood vessel?
a) vascular spasm, clotting, polycythemia
b) hemolysis, vascular spasm, platelet plug formation
c) emigration, clotting, hemolysis
d) vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, clotting
e) anemia, hemogenesis, platelet plug formation

Answer 8

vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, clotting

Question 9

Which of the following situations could result in maternal antibodies attacking fetal blood cells during a second pregnancy?
a) Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh negative
b) Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive
c) Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh negative
d) Mom is Rh positive and fetus is Rh positive.

Answer 9

Mom is Rh negative and fetus is Rh positive

Question 10

Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm?
a) Epicardium
b) Abdominal cavity
c) Pericardium
d) Mediastinum
e) Thoracic cavity

Answer 10

Mediastinum

Question 11

The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the
a) pericardium.
b) pleura.
c) myocardium.
d) mediastinum.
e) endocardium.

Answer 11

pericardium

Question 12

Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart?
a) Synovial fluid
b) Endocardium
c) Pleural fluid
d) Pericardial fluid
e) Capillary endothelium

Answer 12

Pericardial fluid

Question 13

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is also considered to be the
a) epicardium
b) myocardium
c) endocardium
d) fibrous pericardium
e) None of the answer selections is correct

Answer 13

epicardium

Question 14

Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue?
a) Epicardium
b) Pericardium
c) Myocardium
d) Endocardium
e) Hypocardium

Answer 14

Myocardium

Question 15

Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle?
a) Bicuspid valve
b) Interventricular septum
c) Tricuspid valve
d) Mitral valve
e) Ascending aorta

Answer 15

Tricuspid valve

Question 16

Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures?
a) Right atrium
b) Interventricular septum
c) Bicuspid valve
d) Aortic semilunar valve
e) Pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 16

Aortic semilunar valve

Question 17

Why is the myocardium of the left ventricle thicker than the myocardium of the right ventricle?

Answer 17

The left ventricle muscular wall is thicker than the right ventricle because it has to generate higher pressure to overcome the greater resistance of the longer systemic circulation route versus the shorter pulmonary circulation route. Basically, the more work a muscle does, the larger it gets.

Question 18

Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly
a) into arteries.
b) into capillaries.
c) into veins.
d) through an atrioventricular valve.
e) through the apex.

Answer 18

into arteries.

Question 19

Which of the following chambers of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?
a) Left atrium and left ventricle
b) Left atrium only
c) Right atrium and right ventricle
d) Right ventricle only
e) Left atrium and right ventricle

Answer 19

Right atrium and right ventricle

Question 20

Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart?
a) arteries
b) arterioles
c) aorta
d) veins
e) capillaries

Answer 20

veins

Question 21

The bronchial arteries arise from the
a) left subclavian artery
b) brachiocephalic trunk
c) right subclavian artery
d) left common carotid artery
e) thoracic aorta

Answer 21

thoracic aorta

Question 22

In order to supply nourishment to liver tissue, which vessel must deliver blood to the organ?
a) hepatic artery
b) hepatic vein
c) hepatic portal vein
d) superior mesenteric artery
e) splenic artery

Answer 22

hepatic artery

Question 23

Capillaries are also referred to as
a) exchange vessels.
b) vasoconstrictors.
c) vasodilators.
d) pressure reservoirs.
e) distributing vessels.

Answer 23

exchange vessels.

Question 24

Which of the following is the most important method of capillary exchange? a) diffusion b) facilitated diffusion c) bulk flow d) primary active transport e) secondary active transport

Answer 24

diffusion

Question 24

How might drugs that inhibit angiogenesis and are used to treat tumors, increase the risk of a heart attack in an older individual with atherosclerosis?

Answer 24

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is an important process in developing collateral circulation around partially obstructed (due to atherosclerotic plaque) coronary arteries. These new blood vessels act to conduct blood to cardiac muscle tissue when the circulation in the original vessels is impaired by the plaques. If angiogenesis is inhibited in an effort to “starve” a tumor, the new blood vessel growth in the heart may also be inhibited thus leading to a greater risk of a heart attack if the original coronary artery becomes completely clogged.

Question 24

Which of the following types of tissues contains continuous capillaries? a) skeletal muscle b) smooth muscle c) connective tissue d) lungs e) all of these choices

Answer 24

all of these choices

Question 25

The volume of blood that circulates through the systemic (or pulmonary) blood vessels per minute is called a) stroke volume. b) tidal volume. c) cardiac output. d) cardiac reserve. e) total peripheral resistance.

Answer 25

cardiac output.

Question 26

Cardiac output is dependent on both a) heart rate and stroke volume. b) stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance. c) heart rate and systemic vascular resistance. d) blood type and stroke volume. e) blood pressure and heart rate

Answer 26

heart rate and stroke volume.

Question 27

The cardiovascular center is located a) in the thoracic cavity. b) in the cerebral cortex. c) in the cerebellum. d) in the medulla oblongata. e) in the hypothalamus.

Answer 27

in the medulla oblongata.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic and immune system? a) Draining excess interstitial fluid b) Maintaining water homeostasis in the body c) Transporting dietary lipids d) Carrying out immune responses e) All of these are functions of the lymphatic and immune system

Answer 28

Maintaining water homeostasis in the body

Question 29

What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid? a) Composition of electrolytes b) White blood cells are present in lymph c) Location d) Types of proteins present e) Red blood cells are present in interstitial fluid

Answer 29

Location

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT considered an organ of the immune system? a) Spleen b) Lymph node c) Red bone marrow d) Thymus e) Pancreas

Answer 30

Pancreas

Question 30

Describe how lymphatic capillaries are one-way only vessels.

Answer 30

The ends of the endothelial cells in the wall of the lymphatic capillary overlap. When pressure is higher in the interstitial fluid than in the lymph, the cells separate slightly allowing interstitial fluid into the vessel. When pressure is greater inside, the cells are tightly packed, not allowing the lymph to cross back into the interstitial fluid.

Question 31

The left subclavian vein receives lymph from the a) Left axillary vein b) Lumbar trunk c) Jugular trunk d) Thoracic duct e) Right lymphatic duct

Answer 31

Thoracic duct

Question 32

Which organ produces a hormone that promotes maturation of T cells? a) Spleen b) Lymph node c) Red bone marrow d) Thymus e) Pancreas

Answer 32

Thymus

Question 33

Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system? a) Drain excessive interstitial fluid b) Transport dietary lipids c) Carry out immune responses d) All of these are functions of the lymphatic system e) None of these are functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 33

All of these are functions of the lymphatic system

Question 34

Which of the following is a function of the spleen? a) Removes worn out blood cells b) Circulates lymph c) Cleanses interstitial fluid d) Cleanses lymph e) Traps microbes with mucus

Answer 34

Removes worn out blood cells

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation? a) Redness b) Pain c) Heat d) Mucus production e) Swelling

Answer 35

Mucus production

Question 36

Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair? a) Complement system b) Acute inflammation c) Fever d) Chronic inflammation e) Pus formation

Answer 36

Fever