Exam 6 Flashcards
(112 cards)
0
Q
Caring is Primary Model
A
Benner and Wrubel
1
Q
Essence of excellent nursing practice is caring. Caring is the framework. Caring facilitates knowing the patient and individualizing care.
A
Benner and Wrubel- Caring is Primary
2
Q
A universal phenomenon influencing the ways in which people think, feel, and behave in relation to one another
A
Caring
3
Q
Describes the concept of care as the essence and central, unifying, and dominant domain that distinguishes nursing from other health disciplines .
A
Leininger- Transcultural Caring
4
Q
Stresses the importance of nurses’ understanding cultural caring behaviors.
A
Transcultural Caring (Leininger)
5
Q
Transpersonal Caring
A
Leininger
6
Q
A high quality of human interaction from nurses. A conscious intention to care promotes healing and wholeness. Care before cure. Deeper sources of inner healing.
A
Watson’s Transpersonal Caring
7
Q
Transpersonal Caring
A
Watson
8
Q
Connection forms between the one cared and the one caring. A transformative model because the relationship influences nurse and patient (for better or worse)
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Watsons Transpersonal Caring
9
Q
Defines caring as a nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility. Includes care-based counseling.
A
Swanson’s Theory of Caring
10
Q
Categories of Caring in Swanson’s Theory of Caring
A
Knowing Being with Doing for Enabling Maintaining Belief
11
Q
Striving to understand an event as it has meaning in the life of the other
A
Knowing
12
Q
Being emotionally present to the other
A
Being with
13
Q
Doing for the other as he or she would do for self if it were at all possible
A
Doing for
14
Q
Facilitating the other’s passage through life transitions (Birth, death) and unfamiliar events
A
Enabling
15
Q
Sustaining faith in the other’s capacity to get through an event or transition and face a future with meaning
A
Maintaining belief
16
Q
Measures caring from a patient’s perspective. A tool that helps you appreciate the types of behaviors that hospitalized patients identify as caring.
A
CAT- Caring Assessment Tool
17
Q
Concerned with relationships between people and with a nurse’s character and attitude towards others.
A
Ethic of Care
18
Q
Places the nurse as the patient’s advocate, solving ethical dilemmas by attending to relationships and by giving priority to each patient’s unique personhood.
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Ethic of Care
19
Q
Caring Behaviors
A
Providing Presence Touch Listening Knowing the patient Spiritual caring Relieving pain and suffering Family care
20
Q
Not only physical presence but communication and understanding
A
Being there
21
Q
A nurse being available at a patient’s disposal
A
Being with
22
Q
Three types of touch
A
Task-oriented touch
Caring touch
Protective touch
23
Q
Holding a patient’s hand is….
A
Caring touch
24
Helping a patient fall is....
Protective touch
25
Inserting a catheter is...
Task-oriented touch
26
A planned and deliberate act in which you are present and engaging the patient in a nonjudgemental and accepting manner.
LIstening
27
Comprises of both the nurses' understanding of a specific patient and his or her subsequent selection of interventions
Knowing the patient
28
Encompasses caring nursing actions that give a patient comfort, dignity, respect, and peace
Relieving pain and suffering
29
Starts with the diagnosis of cancer.
Acute Survival
30
Patient goes into remission or has ended the basic, rigorous course of treatment and enters a phase of watchful waiting
Extended survival
31
Roughly equated with "cure" but the experience permanently affects survivor.
Permanent survival
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Problems with employment and insurance are common in...
Permanent survival
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Fear and anxiety are common in.....
Acute survival
34
Weakness, fatigue, pain, nausea, reduced activity tolerance, hair loss are common in...
Acute survival
35
Dealing with cancer in the home, community and workplace ....
extended survival
36
Physical well-being and symptoms of cancer survivors
```
Impaired mood
Anxiety
Depression
Affects enjoyment/leisure
Cognition/attention
Distress over diagnosis and treatment
```
37
Late effects include: pain, psychosocial distress, impaired wound healing
Any surgical procedure
38
Late effects include: Impaired cognitive function, motor sensory alterations, altered vision, swallowing, language, bowel and bladder control
Surgery involving brain/spinal cord
39
Late effects include: difficulties with communication, swallowing, and breathing
Head and neck surgery
40
Late effects include: Risk of intestinal obstruction, hernia, altered bowel function
Abdominal surgery
41
Late effects include: Difficulty breathing, fatigue, generalized weakness
Lung resection
42
Late effects include: Urinary incontinence, sexual dysfunction, poor body image
Prostatectomy
43
Late effects include: Osteoporosis, heart failure, diabetes, amenorrhea, sterility, impaired GI motility, abnormal liver function, impaired immune function, paresthesias, hearing loss and problems with thinking and memory
Late effects of chemotherapy and/or radiation
44
The most frequent and disturbing complaints of people with cancer
CRF (cancer-related fatigue) and sleep disturbances
45
Symptoms include decreased attention span, easy distraction, difficulty walking, and behavioral changes
CRCI- Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment
46
Psychological effects of cancer include
PTSD
47
Major forms of cancer therapy
```
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Hormone therapy
Biotherapy
Radiation
```
48
The intrafamilial system of support and structure that extends beyond the walls of the household
Family durability
49
The ability of the family to cope with expected and unexpected stressors
Family resiliency
50
The uniqueness of each family unit
Family diversity
51
Husband, wife, and possible children
Nuclear Family
52
Relatives and nuclear family
Extended family
53
When a parent leaves nurclear family due to death, divorce, or desertion
Single-parent family
54
Formed when parents bring unrelated children from prior adoptive or foster parenting relationships into a new, joint livnig situation
Blended family
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Relationships include multiadult households, homosexual couples, cohabiting parenters
alternative family
56
Patterns of people considred by family members to be included in the family
Family forms
57
No physical shelter, living somewhere not intended for human habitation
Absolute homelessness
58
Having a physical shelter that does not meet standards of health and safety
Relative homelessness
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Five realms of family life
```
Interactive processes
Developmental processes
Coping processes
Integrity processes
Health Processes
```
60
Focuses on relationships, communication, nuture, expression, resolution, roles and leisure
Interactive processes
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Focuses on recent transitions, stage completion, development
Developmental processes
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Focuses on problem solving, use of resources, daily hassles, coping strategies
Coping processes
63
Focuses on family values, beliefs, meaning, rituals, spirituality, and culture
Integrity processes
64
Focuses on health behaviors, patterns, caretaking responsibilities, diseases, and illness stressors
Health processes
65
Physical changes that occur from the prenatal period through older adulthood
Growth
66
The biological,cognitive, and socioemotional changes that begin at conception and continue through a lifetime
Development
67
Each child's pattern of growth is unique and this pattern is directed by gene activity
Gesell's theory of development
68
5 stages of Freud's theory
1. Oral
2. Anal
3. Phallic/Oedipal
4. Latency
5. Genital
69
Ages for Freud's stages
```
Oral- birth to 12/18 months
Anal-12/18 mo- 3 yr
Phallic- 3--6 yr
Latency- 6-12yr
Genital- Puberty- adulthood
```
70
Erikson's Stages
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Trust vs Mistrust (birth-1)
Autonomy vs Doubt/Shame (1-3)
Initiative vs Guilt (3-6)
Industry vs Inferiority (6-11)
Identity vs Role confusion- (Puberty)
Intimacy vs Isolation (Young Adult)
Generativity vs Self-Absorption/Stagnation (Middle Age)
Integrity vs Despair (Old age)
```
71
Theories related to temperment
```
Easy child (easygoing)
Difficult child (Highly active)
Slow-to-warm child (Adapts slowly)
```
72
Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development
Period 1- Sensorimotor (birth-2)
Period 2- Preoperational (2-7 yr)
Period 3- Concrete Operations (7-11 yr)
Period 4- Formal operations (11yr- adult)
73
Identified six stages of moral development
Lawrence Kohlberg
74
Three levels of Kohlberg's theory of moral development
Level 1- Preconventional reasoning(stage 1, 2)
Level 2- Conventional Reasoning (stage 3,4)
Level 3- Postconventional Reasoning (Stage 5, 6)
75
Six stages to Kohlberg's theory
```
1- PUnishment/obedience orientation
2- Instrumental relativist orientation
3- Good boy/nice girl orientation
4- society- maintaining orientation
5- social contract orientation
6- Universal ethical principle orientation
```
76
First 28 days of life
Neonatal
77
Infancy
1mo-1yr
78
Health risk for Infancy
Injury prevention
| child mistreatment
79
Health promotion for Infancy
Nutrition
Immunizations
Sleep
80
12-36 mo (1-3yr)
Toddler
81
Health risks for toddler
Risk for injury, poisoning, drowning
82
Health promotion for toddler
Nutrition, Toilet training
83
3-5yr
Preschooler
84
Health risks for preschoolers
Teach children about home safety
Parents set examples (immitation)
Falls are less risks
85
Health promotion for preschooler
Nutrition
Sleep
Vision
86
6-12 yr
School-age children
87
Health risks for school-aged children
Accident and injuries
| Infection
88
Health promotion for school-age children
```
Perception
Health Education
Health Maintenance
Safety
Nutrition
```
89
13-20 yr
Adolescents
90
Health risks for adolescents
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Accidents (leading cause of death)
Violence/Homicide
Suidcide
Substance abuse
Eating disorders
STIs
Pregnancy
```
91
Health promotion for adolescents
Health educatoin
Minority Adolescents
Gay/lesbian/bi increases vulnerability to depression/suicide
92
Late teens to mid/late 30s
Young adult
93
Health risks for Young Adults
```
Family history
Personal Hygeine
Violent death/injury
substance abuse
Unplanned pregnancy
STIs
Environmental or Occupational factors
```
94
30s tot late 60s
Middle Adults
95
65 yrs +
Older adults
96
Cognitive changes in Older Adults
Delirium
Dementia
Depression
97
An acute confusional state, a potentially reversible cognitive impairment taht often has a physiological cause
Delirium
98
Leading cause of death in older adults
Heart disease
99
Classification of surgery includes:
Seirousness
Urgency
Purpose
100
Seriousness of surgery includes
Major
| Minor
101
Urgency of surgery includes
Elective
Urgent
Emergency
102
Purpose of surgery includes
```
Diagnositc
Ablative
Pallative
Reconstructive/Restorative
Procurment for transplat
Constructive
Cosmetic
```
103
Informed Concent includes:
```
Need for procedure
Steps involved
Risks
Expected Results
Alternative treatments
```
104
Steps to eliminate wrong site/wrong procedure surgery
Take a time out for final verification
Mark operative site on multiple structures/correct side
Perform preoperative verification
105
Responsibilities include reviewing the preoperative assessment, establishinga nd implementing the intraoperative plan, evaluating the care, proviiding for continuity of care after surgery.
Circulation Nurse- RN
106
Maintains sterile field during procedure, asists with applying sterile drapes, hands surgeon instruments, and counts spongs/insturments
Scrub nurs (RN, LPN, tech)
107
Types of anesthesia
General
Regional
Local
Conscious
108
How often to assess a patient during phase 1 (postoperative recovery, immediate)
5,15,30, 45, 60... then every 15 minutes.
| Must recieve score of 8-10 before discharge (on PARS or Aldete scale)
109
How often do you assess a patient during phase 2 (Recovery ambulatory surgery)
5, 15, 30, 45, 60... every 15 minutes.
| On PARSAP scale and must score 18 or higher for discharge
110
Includes preconventional, conventional, and postconventional reasoning.
Kohlberg
111
Ten hallmarks of emotional health
A sense of meaning and direction
Successful negotiation through transitions
Absence of feelings and being cheated or disappointed by life
Attainment of several long-term goals
Satisfaction with personal growth and development
Feelings of mutual love for partner/Satisfaction with social interaction
Satisfaction with friendships
Generally cheerful attitude
No sensitivity to criticism
No unrealistic fears
