Exam 6/ FINAL

Question 1

how is oxygenation defined?

Answer 1

how well the cells, tissues, and organs of the body are supplied with oxygen

Question 2

what is in the upper airway

Answer 2

nasal canals, mouth, pharynx, trachea

Question 3

what is in the lower airway

Answer 3

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

Question 4

how many lobes are in the right lung

Answer 4

3

Question 5

how many lobes are in the left lung

Answer 5

2

Question 6

what is the purpose of the airways

Answer 6

move air, moisten the airway, warm the air, filter the air

Question 7

what is ventilation

Answer 7

movement of air into/out of the lings through breathing

Question 8

respiration

Answer 8

exchange gases-oxygen/carbon dioxide, in the lungs

Question 9

is expiration a passive or active process?

Answer 9

passive

Question 10

is inspiration a passive or active process?

Answer 10

active

Question 11

what are the major muscles of breathing

Answer 11

intercostal muscles

Question 12

what factors affect ventilation

Answer 12

rate, depth, lung compliance, lung elasticity, airway resistance

Question 13

inadequate oxygenation at the cellular level (body tissue)

Answer 13

hypoxia

Question 14

the oxygenation of blood and elimination of carbon dioxide in the lungs

Answer 14

gas exchange

Question 15

external respirations is the

Answer 15

alveolar capillaries

Question 16

what is internal respiration taken?

Answer 16

capillaries and tissues

Question 17

what is diffusion

Answer 17

exchange of respiratory gases in alveoli and capillaries of body tissues

Question 18

amount of oxygen entering the lungs ——-
blood flow to the lungs ——-
rate of ——- affects oxygen-carrying capacity

Answer 18

ventilation
perfusion
diffusion

Question 19

eupnea
orthopnea
Kussmaul’s
biot’s
Cheyne- strokes syndrome

Answer 19

12-20 resp. (normal)
difficult breathing when lying flat
regular increase rate; deep respirations
shallow respirations following apnea
the gradual increase followed by gradual decreases, followed by apnea

Question 20

when caring for a client with COPD. which assessment finding is the earlier sign of hypoxia

Answer 20

restlessness

Question 21

the nurs is assessing a patient with emphysema. which assessment finding requires further follow-up with the physician?
A. clubbing of the fingers
B. Barrel chest
C. hemoptysis
D. tachypnea

Answer 21

C.

Question 22

when ventilation does not bring in enough oxygen or remove enough carbon dioxide the client is experiencing which respiratory alteration?

Answer 22

hypoventilation

Question 23

a state of ventilation in which the lungs remove carbon dioxide faster than it is produced by cellular metabolism

Answer 23

hyperventilation

Question 24

the flow of blood throughout the heart and blood vessels

Answer 24

circulation

Question 25

the blood flow to a capillary bed to provide nutrients and oxygen to tissues and organs

Answer 25

perfusion

Question 26

the med that reduces the workload of the heart

Answer 26

beta blockers

Question 27

shortness of breath that awakens patients

Answer 27

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Question 28

alteration in heart rate or rhythm

Answer 28

dyrhythmia

Question 29

ventricular depolarization

Answer 29

QRS arrest

Question 30

the build-up of fluid in the abdomen

Answer 30

ascites

Question 31

the pacemaker of the heart

Answer 31

SA node

Question 32

the flow of blood throughout the heart and blood vessels

Answer 32

circulation

Question 33

dependent edema, JVD

Answer 33

right-sided heart failure

Question 34

supplies blood to the heart

Answer 34

coronary arteries

Question 35

heart enlargement, impaired heart contractility

Answer 35

cardiomyopathy

Question 36

chest pain lasting 3-5 minutes

Answer 36

angina pectoris

Question 37

lab test for cardiac damage

Answer 37

troponin

Question 38

oxygen transport abnormality

Answer 38

anemia

Question 39

single heartbeat

Answer 39

cardiac cycle

Question 40

edema, brown skin, discoloration, and tissue dysfunction

Answer 40

stasis ulcer

Question 41

pulmonary congestion, orthopnea

Answer 41

left-sided heart failure

Question 42

med given to dilate arteries

Answer 42

nitroglycerin

Question 43

facilitate exchange between tissue cells and blood

Answer 43

capillaries

Question 44

occurs when ischemia is not reversed

Answer 44

myocardial infarction

Question 45

plaque narrows the arteries

Answer 45

coronary artery disease

Question 46

sensitive to pressure changes

Answer 46

baroreceptors

Question 47

unmet oxygen needs of the heart

Answer 47

cardiac ischemia

Question 48

life-threatening heart rhythm

Answer 48

ventricular tachycardia (V tach)

Question 49

oxygen reservoir

Answer 49

hemoglobin

Question 50

cessation of heart function

Answer 50

cardiac arrest

Question 51

calcium channel blockers

Answer 51

block flow of calcium lower BP decreases strength of contractions, slow heart rate

Question 52

positive inotropic agents

Answer 52

improve heart-pumping action

Question 53

decrease hemoglobin production increased red blood cell destruction

Answer 53

anemia

Question 54

when does myocardial ischemia occur

Answer 54

when oxygen requirements of the heart are unmet

Question 55

sudden decreases in coronary blood flow or an increase in myocardial oxygen demand without adequate coronary perfusion

Answer 55

myocardial infarction

Question 56

a transient imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand resulting in chest pain that is aching, sharp, tingling, burning, or feels like pressure

Answer 56

angina pectoris

Question 57

which medication might help a client with excess fluid retention that is causing edema?

Answer 57

hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide

Question 58

define nursing ethics

Answer 58

ethical questions that arise out of nursing practice

Question 59

morals

Answer 59

private, personal, group standards of right and wrong

Question 60

attitudes

Answer 60

feeling toward a person or object

Question 61

beliefs

Answer 61

something that one accepts is true

Question 62

values

Answer 62

belief about the worth of something

Question 63

what is negligence

Answer 63

failure to perform as a reasonable, prudent person would. (failure to follow practice)

Question 64

4 elements of informatics

Answer 64

data, information, knowledge, wisdom

Question 65

data is

Answer 65

unprocessed

Question 66

information is

Answer 66

the grouping of processed data

Question 67

knowledge is

Answer 67

meaningful information created by grouping

Question 68

wisdom is

Answer 68

appropriate use of knowledge

Question 69

what are the benefits of electronic health records

Answer 69

improves efficiency, productivity, and continuity care privacy improves accessibility

Question 70

informatics and nursing practice

Answer 70

facilitates evidence-based practice

Question 71

a nurse observes a nursing assistant personnel fail to wash her hands. what should the nurse do when providing negative feedback?

Answer 71

offer constructive criticism about the task in private

Question 72

at a recent nurse staff meeting, the CNO announced that all staff will work 12 hours shifts. what type of leadership is the CNO displaying?

Answer 72

authoritarian