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The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act > Exam > Flashcards

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1
Q

The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (ASPA) Year

A

1986

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2
Q

While working under the ASPA you are exempt from

A

Prosecution under animal welfare legislation

e.g. Animal Welfare Act 2006

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3
Q

Failing to comply can lead to…

A

Prosecution under the ASPA and Animal Welfare Act

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4
Q

Guidance documents on ASPA interpretation

A

Guidance on the Operation of ASPA 1986
Housing and care of animals used in scientific procedures
Housing and care of animals in designated breeding and supply establishments

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5
Q

Guidance document that provides information covering the killing of protected animals

A

Guidance on the Operation of the ASPA 1986

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6
Q

Ethics (definition)

A

The process by which we attempt to distinguish right from wrong
Relates to the decision that you or others make as individuals

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7
Q

The law (definition)

A

A system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions (the police and judiciary) to govern the behaviour of individuals and institutions

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8
Q

ASPA and ethics

A

All animal studies must be ethically justified

The host institute must undertake an ethical assessment and document it for the ASRU

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9
Q

Animals in Service Regulation Unit (ASRU) inspector responsibility

A

Responsible for overseeing all work conducted under ASPA on behalf of the Secretary of State for the Home Office

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10
Q

Which body undertakes an ethical assessment and who is it composed of?

A

The Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Body (AWERB)

Scientists, senior members of animal care staff, including the vet and lay members

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11
Q

The role of AWERB

A

Undertake a cost-benefit analysis of the proposed work on a utilitarian or consequentialist ethical assessment and advise senior management on the ethical acceptability of the proposed study

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12
Q

What does the AWERB cost-benefit analysis do?

A

Weight up the expected benefits against the likely suffering

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13
Q

Limitations of utilitarian or consquentialist ethics

A

Decisions are dependent upon the information available at the time
Actions that are ethically acceptable today may become unjustifiable as further knowledge is acquired

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14
Q

Criticisms of ethical assessments made using utilitarian or consequentialist ethics

A

Tend to support actions that “serve the greater good” and therefore may discriminate against minority groups
Often involves a high level of uncertainty
The circumstance under which the assessment is being made can influence the outcome

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15
Q

Who is Jeremy Bentham?

A

Philosopher - legal and social reformer
Advocate of equal rights for women and animal protection
“The question is not can they reason, nor can they talk, but can they suffer?”

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16
Q

Who is Richard Ryder?

A

Coined the term “speciesism”
Argues that since humans are the product of animal evolution it is wrong to distinguish between animals and humans on moral issues

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17
Q

Who is Peter Singer?

A

Animal liberation
Argues that although differences exist between animals and humans, they both share the capacity to suffer, and therefore deserve equal consideration with respect to minimising suffering

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18
Q

% Antivivisectionists in the UK

A

10

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19
Q

% People in the UK that consider action taken against those involved in animal research to be a justifiable form of protest

A

25

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20
Q

Number animals used in research each year in UK

A

4.1 million

1 for every 15 people

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21
Q

Number of animals killed for other reasons

A

2.5 billion

40 per person

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22
Q

Number of animals killed for other reasons (number for each reason)

A 
1.3 billion - fish
900 million - livestock
70 million - road traffic
2 million - rodents by pest control
13,000 - euthanized by vets
(220 million rodents and birds by pet cats)
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23
Q

Percentage animals used in research in UK

A 
81% rodents (7% rats, 74% mice, over 50% GM)
12% fish (mainly GM)
4% birds (mainly poultry)
1% dogs, cats horses
0.1% primates (4,000)
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24
Q

Possible alternatives to animal studies

A

Should be used when possible
Cell, tissue and organ cultures
Computer models
None truly replicate

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25
True of false - There is a legal requirement to confirm the safety and efficacy of new drugs, novel compounds and medical interventions in animals before humans
True
26
Product testing that is not permitted
Banned in EU since 2004 Safety testing of cosmetics and household products Illegal to sell these products that have been tested on animals
27
The purpose of the ASPA
To enable regulated procedures and killing to be performed on protected animals for a permissible purpose
28
Define regulated procedures
Anything that has the potential to cause pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm Including things done both directly and indirectly (indirectly e.g. withholding food and water)
29
What is the lower threshold?
Anything causing pain , suffering or distress equivalent to or more than that cause by the insertion of a hypodermic needle
30
Examples of regulated procedures
GM Administration of an analgesic or anaesthetic (unless for schedule 1 killing) Anything done to an anaesthesia animal that would have caused pain if it had been conscious
31
Steps taken to minimise pain caused by regulated procedures
Must be carried out under general, regional or local anaesthesia
32
Exceptions to regulated procedures steps
Use of anaesthetic is: Incompatible with the purpose of the study Administration is more stressful than the procedure itself
33
Define non-regulated procedures
Anything that is done to a protected animal as part of its normal husbandry even if it causes pain, suffering or distress
34
Is killing a regulated procedure?
No, provided it is done using a method: Listed in Schedule 1 of ASPA Specified in the establishment licence Performed using a recognised slaughter method for the species
35
When can you use a regulated procedure killing?
If specified in a Project Licence and performed by a Personal Licence Holder who is competent in the specified killing method
36
What is Schedule 1?
Lists the methods of killing that may be used by someone who doesn't hold a Personal Licence under the ASPA
37
Who can Schedule 1 methods be performed by?
A person competent in the technique who is either registered with the institution for that specific method or holds a Personal Licence
38
Who is assessment of Schedule 1 done by?
The Named Animal Care and Welfare Officer (NACWO)
39
Anaesthetic overdose subjects
All animals
40
Exposure to a rising concentration of carbon dioxide subjects
Rodents and birds <1.5 kg | Not neonatal rodents
41
Dislocation of the neck with prior sedation or anaesthesia in rodents >150g and birds >250g subjects
Rodents <500g Rabbits <1kg Birds <1kg
42
Concussion subjects
Rodents and rabbits <1kg Birds <250g Amphibians and reptiles <1kg Fish
43
Anaesthetic overdose subjects - Foetuses and embryos
All animals
44
Refrigeration, disruption of membranes, maceration or prolonged exposure of carbon dioxide at near 100% concentration subjects - Foetuses and embryos
Birds | Reptiles
45
Cooling followed by immersion in cold tissue fixative subjects - Foetuses and embryos
Mice Rats Rabbits
46
Decapitation subjects - Foetuses and embryos
Mammals and birds <50g
47
Methods to ensure the animal is dead after Schedule 1 kiling
Checking for permanent cessation of the circulation Destruction of the brain Dislocation of the neck Exsanguination Confirming the onset of rigor mortis Instantaneous destruction of the body in a macerator
48
What is Schedule 2?
Lists the species that must be obtained from an ASPA registered breeder Even if destined for Schedule 1 killing without any prior procedures
49
Schedule 2 animals
``` Mouse, rat, guinea-pig, hamster, rabbit Dog Cat Primate Quail Ferrets, gerbils GM pigs and sheep Zebra fish Frogs (Xenopus: laevis, trolicalis; Rana: temporaria, pipiens) ```
50
Protected animals
All living vertebrates (except humans) All cephalopods Includes: Foteal mammals, birds and reptiles - during the last third of gestation Fish and amphibians - from when they start feeding independently Cephalopods - from the point of hatching
51
Note about protected animals (embryonic and foetal forms)
Protected during the first 2/3rds of gestation if: Going to live beyond the point at which they would become protected animals AND The procedure performed would result in them experiencing pain, suffering, distress or lasting harm after the point at which they become protected
52
ASPA definition of living
Living until its circulation has stopped or its brain has been destroyed So de-cerebrate animal is still protected Once dead ASPA no longer applies
53
The 7 permissible purposes under which work can be conducted under ASPA
Basic research Translational or applied research Efficacy and safety testing - drugs, foodstuffs etc. Protection of the natural environment Preserving species used in regulated procedures Higher education or vocational skills training Forensic inquiries (If not covered by these not permitted by ASPA)
54
Three licences required to perform regulated procedures
``` Establishment licence (PEL) Project licence (PPL) Personal licence (PIL) ```
55
Define Establishment Licence (PEL)
Authorises the places where work covered under ASPA can be done, including Schedule 1 killing
56
Define Project Licence (PPL)
Authorises a programme of scientific work and lists the regulated procedures that may be performed whilst undertaking the study
57
Define Personal Licence (PIL)
Authorises a person to perform the procedures listed in a Project licence at a Licenced Establishment
58
License needed for Schedule 1 killing
Establishment licence
59
What does an establishment licence list?
All the places where animals are either held, bred, used or killed under ASPA The species that can be used in each area and the duration for which they may be kept in that area The type of procedures permitted for each area The six Names Individuals responsible for animal welfare and ASPA compliance at the establishment
60
The 3Rs
Replacement Reduction Refinement
61
Who and when were the 3Rs proposed by?
Russel and Burch in 'Principles of Humane Experimentation' | 1959
62
Define replacement
Wherever possible methods that do not rely on the use of protected species should be used
63
Define reduction
The number of animals used should be reduced to the minimum needed to achieve the scientific objective
64
Refinement
The experiment should be designed to cause the least possible harm to the animals The species used should be of the lowest neurophysical state suitable for the study
65
Aims of the 3Rs
To minimise the level of animal suffering | To this end refinement takes precedence over reduction

The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act (1 decks)

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