Exam 9/6/18 Flashcards
(250 cards)
1
Q
Open or close stomata
A
Guard cells
2
Q
Protect or absorb
A
Trichomes
3
Q
Protect against disease and retard water loss
A
Cork cells
4
Q
Found on nettles and sting
A
Trichomes
5
Q
Where on the plant are the apical meristems found?
A
Tips of roots and shoots
6
Q
Which type of wood is found in the center of old tree trunks and roots?
A
Heartwood
7
Q
Which type of wood is found near the surface of old tree trunks and roots?
A
Sapwood
8
Q
Give an example of a tree with pinnate leaf venation (veins)?
A
Magnolia
9
Q
Vascular tissue closest to the stem surface.
A
Phloem
10
Q
Why do climbing stems curl?
A
The contacted area of the stem causes the cell growth to become inhibited while the other surface continues to grow = contact inhibition.
11
Q
These specialized stems decrease surface area and offer protection.
A
Spines
12
Q
Vascular tissue closest to the stem center.
A
Xylem
13
Q
Tissue around vascular bundles.
A
Ground tissue
14
Q
Give examples of leaves that store water or food.
A
Cactus, onions
15
Q
Scales that protect a young bud.
A
Bud scales
16
Q
scattered in monocots and in a ring in dicots
A
Vascular bundles
17
Q
Conducts water.
A
Xylem
18
Q
Vascular bundles are call these in leaves.
A
Leaf veins
19
Q
Provide the “skeleton” of the leaf
A
Leaf veins
20
Q
Conducts food.
A
Phloem
21
Q
List some plant roots that contain spices.
A
Sassafras, Angelica, licorice
22
Q
Rotenone is an insecticide that comes from a root. True or false?
A
True
23
Q
Dyes and drugs have been taken from roots. True or false?
A
True
24
Q
List some tap roots and fibrous roots that serve as food storage?
A
Carrots, sweet potatoes, radishes, beets
25
Give four examples of leaves found on insect trapping leaves.
1) Venus flytrap
2) sundew
3) bladderwort
4) pitcher plants
26
Give an example of a palmately compound leaf.
Sweetgum, sugar maple
27
If most leaf veins branch off of one main vein, the leaf has _______________ venation.
Pinnate
28
Region between lead attachment points
Internode
29
Bud at the top of a branch of twig.
Terminal bud
30
Thin area in the twig’s bark where gases can be exchanged with the environment.
Lenticels
31
In dicots, what region is found between the vascular bundles and the epidermis
Cortex
32
Bud at the angle between the stem and the leaf
Lateral or axillary bud
33
In dicots, what region is found between the vascular bundles and the center of the stem?
Pith
34
Leaf stalk
Petiole
35
Leaves that store water or food are called ____________ leaves.
Storage leaves
36
These specialized leaves are found at the base of flowers.
Bracts
37
Sweet potato, carrot, and beets
Food storage root
38
Tissue on the surface of the stem that contains a cuticle.
Epidermis
39
What of the “monkey faces” in monocots?
Vascular bundles
40
Tiny scars within the leaf scar.
Bundle scars
41
What does the epidermis contain that helps it to be waterproof?
Cutin
42
Fungi on roots that increase absorption.
Mycorrhizae
43
Scars used to determine the age of the twig.
Terminal bud scars
44
Contain bacteria that help to fix nitrogen.
Root nodules
45
Leaf primordia are found on both sides of the ____________________.
Apical meristem
46
Onions and lilies are examples of ______________________.
Food storage stems
47
The newest growth on a branch is called the ___________________.
Twig
48
Hollow area within the center of a stem.
Ground tissue cavity
49
Regions where 80% of the chloroplasts are found.
Palisade Mesophyll
50
_______________ are climbing stems.
Tendrils
51
Give and example of climbing stems.
Peas, cumcumbers
52
Underground stems have nodes, therefore they are not roots. True or false?
True
53
The tubers of Irish potatoes store _________________________.
Food - starch
54
The flat portion of a leaf is called the ____________.
Blade
55
The ______________ is the leaf stalk.
Petiole
56
One leaf/node is called ___________ leaf arrangement.
Alternate
57
Two leaves/node is called ________________ leaf arrangement.
Opposite
58
Three leaves/node is called _________________ leaf arrangement.
Whorled
59
Another name for leaf arrangement is called ________________.
Phyllotaxis
60
Give an example of a softwood.
Conifers such as spruce, cedar, and pine
61
List some uses of different woods.
Pine = construction
White oak = barrels
Hickory = told handles, etc
62
Kudzu and poison ivy are examples of __________ stems.
Climbing
63
Which wood is dead and is no longer conducting minerals and water?
Heartwood
64
Strawberries have ___________ and these stems are used for ________________ reproduction.
Runners, vegetative
65
Which wood is alive and is conducting minerals and water?
Sapwood
66
Which stems store water?
Succulent
67
Which wood is stronger and aromatic?
Heartwood
68
The vertical part of a plant’s body is called the __________________.
Shoot system
69
Give an example of bracts or floral leaves.
Flowering dogwood, poinsettias
70
Give an example of a succulent stem.
Cactus
71
Irish potatoes are examples of ____________ and are really underground _________________.
Tubers, stems
72
Which wood is lighter in color?
Early/spring
73
Which wood is darker in color?
Late/ summer
74
The “eye” of a potato is actually a _________.
Node
75
What constitutes a growth ring?
Early and late wood together
76
If the leaflets are arranged along a central stalk it is called a ____________ compound leaf.
Pinnately
77
What can free growth rings tell us about a tree?
Tree’s age
78
What is used to remove a core of wood to count the rings?
Increment borer
79
Parallel leaf venation is found in ______________________.
Monocots such as corn
80
Which leaf margin is smooth?
Entire
81
Scar left where leaf was attached
Leaf scar
82
What tissue helps grasses to withstand high winds even though they lack wood?
Sclerenchyma
83
Point where leaves are attached on the stem.
Node
84
“Money faces” are only found in monocots or dicots?
Monocots
85
The woody plant growth in diameter through _____________ growth at the __________ meristems.
Secondary, lateral
86
Which tissue produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem in secondary growth?
Vascular cambium
87
Secondary xylem is also called _____________ and accounts for about ________% of a tree’s mass.
Wood, 90%
88
Contains barrel-shaped cells.
Palisade mesophyll
89
Young leaves develop from structures called _________________.
Leaf primordia
90
Roots above ground.
Aerial roots.
91
A cherry or pear sucker would be an example of this type of root.
Propagative root
92
Roots that increase stability.
Buttress roots
93
Haustoria of dodder would be examples of these types of roots.
Parasitic roots
94
These roots pull bulbs deeper into the ground.
Contractile roots
95
Plants living in desert environments would have these type of roots.
Water storage roots
96
What makes heartwood smell or be aromatic?
Resins, guys, metabolites
97
Maple syrup comes from ______________ wood.
Sapwood
98
Vessels, tracheids, and fibers are found in _________________.
Hardwood
99
List some plant roots that serve as food.
Carrots, beets, sweet potatoes, tapioca from cassava
100
Give an example of a hardwood.
Oak, maple, hickory
101
If wood does not contain vessels and fibers, it is classified as _________________ wood.
Soft
102
In onions, the bulb is made up of fleshy ____________________.
Food storage leaves
103
______________ wood has larger cells with thinner walls.
Early or spring
104
________________ wood has smaller cells with thicker walls.
Late or summer
105
Which subterranean stem is horizontal and seen in Johnson grass?
Rhizome
106
Growth at lateral meristems is called _____________ growth.
Secondary
107
Secondary growth produces woody or nonwoody tissue?
Woody
108
Have sieve plates.
Sieve tubes
109
Move sugar into or out of sieve tune members.
Companion cells
110
Grasses have growth regions at nodes and these are called ______________ meristems.
Intercalary
111
Give an example of a plant that carries out growth in intercalary meristems.
Bamboo
112
Conducts materials from shoot to root.
Sieve tubes
113
Most abundant tissue in herbaceous plants.
Parenchyma
114
Carries out photosynthesis.
Parenchyma
115
Conduct materials from root to shoot.
Tracheids and vessel elements
116
Form seed coats.
Sclerenchyma
117
Which leaf has no leaflets?
Simple
118
Which leaf has leaflets?
Compound
119
If the leaflets are arranged along a central stalk it is called a __________ compound leaf.
Pinnately
120
Give an example of a pinnately compound leaf.
Pecan, hickory
121
If the leaflets are arranged from one point, it is called a _______________ compound leaf.
Palmately
122
Give an example of a palmately compound leaf.
Buckeye
123
Concerning venation, if all veins radiate from a central point, the leaf has _____________ venation.
Palmate
124
Xylem and phloem run lengthwise through the stem in structures called _____________ bundles.
Vascular
125
Which leaf margin resembles a saw blade?
Serrated
126
Which leaf margin resembles fingers?
Pinnately lobbed
127
Thin layer of cells on the bottom and top of the leaf.
Epidermis
128
If the pith is present, where is pitch located in a stem?
Center
129
Cells that control the stomata.
Guard cells
130
Region between the epidermal layers.
Mesophyll
131
Region of photosynthesis.
Palisade Mesophyll
132
Region where air is stored within the leaf.
Spongy Mesophyll
133
Why do plants need to trap insects?
Supplement their diet because they love in nutrient poor souls found in bogs.
134
Plants belong to Kingdom ___________ which contains about _________ species of plants.
Plantae
| 260,000
135
Write a scientific name correctly for practice.
Quercus alba (both underlined)
136
A _________ plant has the shoot die back at the end of the growing season.
Herbaceous
137
Give an example of a herbaceous plant.
Corn, marigold
138
A ______________ plant still has a living shoot at the end of the growing season and it starts with that same shoot next growing season.
Woody
139
List functions of roots.
1) anchoring
2) storing food or water
3) absorbing water and minerals
140
What root type is best at anchoring?
Taproot
141
Which root type is best at absorbing?
Fibrous
142
Which root type is best at storing food?
Taproot
143
This structure on the root tip protects against soil abrasion.
Root cap
144
The region of mitosis in a root is called the ____________ region.
Meristematic
145
Used in textile products.
Fibers
146
Monocots typically have a ___________ root system.
Fibrous
147
List some spices produced by plants.
Sassafras, licorice, pepper
148
Do plants produce drugs and medicines? Give an example.
Yes,
| Morphine, caffeine, cocaine, aspirin
149
What branch of botany focuses on practical uses of plants?
Ethnobotany
150
The study of diversity or evolutionary relationships is called __________________.
Systematics
151
The practice of naming and classifying organisms is called ________________.
Taxonomy
152
Who was one of the earliest humans to write about plants?
Aristotle
153
Oxygen is stored in the earth and our atmosphere. However, how many years could you live until oxygen reserves were exhausted if all plants were removed today?
11 years
154
What process do plants go through to make food for us?
Photosynthesis
155
Tissues are produced by mitosis in the regions called the ____________.
Meristems
156
When plants decay and become buried, some are turned into _________ fuels that are then used to yield petroleum.
Fossil
157
Why are root hairs important?
Absorption
158
Does the region of maturation ever move down in the soil when growth occurs?
No
159
Which branch of botany focuses on classification of plants?
Plant taxonomy
160
Root hair are found in which region?
Region of maturation
161
Chocolate comes from _____________________.
Cocoa beans or seeds
162
How much of our food comes from cereals?
80%
163
List some cereal species.
Wheat, corn, rye, rice, barely, oats
164
What are the two most commonly requested beverages in the world?
Tea and coffee
165
Give an example of an annual plant.
Marigold
166
A __________________ plant reproduces and dies in two growing seasons.
Biennial
167
Give an example of a biennial plant.
Queen Anne’s Lace, carrots
168
______________ are plant’s that live for more that two growing seasons.
Perennial
169
The first root is called the __________.
Radicle
170
Primary tissues are produced by ______________ growth.
Primary
171
A plant’s root accounts for about ____________ ( fraction or percentage) of its weight.
One-third
172
Covered with a waxy cuticle.
Epidermal cells
173
Conducts food and minerals.
Vascular
174
Stores food.
Ground tissue
175
Supports herbaceous plants.
Ground tissue
176
Supports wood plants.
Vascular
177
Who proposed the binomial nomenclature system?
Carolus Linnaeus
178
When did Carolus Linnaeus propose the system of binomial nomenclature?
1758
179
Thin walled.
Parenchyma cell’s
180
What is the first word of a scientific name?
Genus
181
Supports stems of flowers and leaves.
Collenchyma cells
182
“Strings” of celery.
Collenchyma
183
Forms peach pits.
Sclerenchyma
184
Thick walls without lignin.
Collenchyma
185
What is the second word of a scientific name?
Specific epithet
186
Secondary phloem and periderm is called ________________.
Bark
187
Why does the bark of trees split?
The increase of in girth through secondary growth
188
What structures conduct water and nutrients from the vascular tissue to cortex in woody plants?
Vascular rays
189
Which word is always capitalized?
Genus
190
Give an example of a woody plant?
Apple tree
191
A _____________ plane reproduces and does within one year.
Annual
192
Not tapered and conduct water.
Vessel elements
193
Conducts water in the root.
Primary xylem
194
Conducts food in the root.
Primary phloem
195
Vascular tissue closest to the center of the root.
Primary xylem
196
Vascular tissue closest to the surface of the root.
Primary phloem
197
Outer layer of vascular tissue or stele.
Pericycle
198
Lateral meristem between xylem and phloem.
Cambium
199
Produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem.
Cambium
200
Contains Casparian strips.
Endodermis
201
Contains suberin.
Endodermis
202
Covers plant body.
Dermal
203
Cuticle thin or lacking.
Epidermis
204
Give and example of a perennial.
Opinions, fruit trees
205
Which plants shed their leaves before winter?
Deciduous
206
Is the tissue (that is produced initially by apical meristems) woody of nonwoody?
Nonwoody
207
Which plants shed their leaves all year?
Evergreen
208
Which plants attain massive size (woody plants or herbaceous plants)? Why?
Woodys plant’s because they do not have to start over each year but rather they start growing where they left off the previous year.
209
__________ trees can grow to towering heights of _______ meters.
Eucalyptus and Redwood
| 100
210
Stems, leaves, and flowers are all part of the _______________ and help the plant in three ways.
Shoot
211
List the three things that a shoot does for the plant.
1) transports materials such as water and solutes
2) supports the plant
3) absorbs the sun’s rays for photosynthesis
212
Which part of a plant is below ground?
Root
213
The root helps to anchor but also helps to absorb _____________.
Water and minerals
214
How many basic tissue systems do plants have?
Three
| Ground, vascular, dermal
215
Who separated monocots and dicots?
John Ray
216
Give an example of a building material produced by plants.
Wood
Paper
Clothing
217
Contains suberin.
Cork cells
218
Dicots typically have a __________ root system.
Taproot
219
Flowering plants make up about ________% of all plants.
90%
220
___________ gas is produced by plants and is needed for cellular respiration.
Oxygen
221
Stores food and is a filler tissue in roots.
Cortex
222
Regulates movement of water into the vascular area or stele.
Endodermis
223
The region in a root where cells increase in length is called the ___________ region.
Elongation
224
Conducts water and food within the root.
Primary xylem and primary phloem
225
Layer that forms lateral roots.
Pericycle
226
Conducts water.
Vascular
227
Protects plant body.
Dermal
228
Growth at the apical meristems will increase a plant’s ____________.
Length
229
Growth at which meristem causes increased girth?
Lateral
230
Not tapered and conduct food.
Sieve tubes.
231
Who gave us the first classification system?
Theophrastus
232
Photosynthesis.
Ground tissue
233
Live at maturity.
Sieve tubes
234
Which branch of botany focuses on plants and their relationship with the environment?
Plant ecology
235
Dead at maturity.
Tracheids and vessel elements
236
Long, tapered with thick walls (lignin present).
Fibers
237
Stubby cells that give the gritty texture to pears.
Scleroids
238
Who should you do to both names?
Underline them
239
Which branch of botany focuses on plant diseases?
Plant pathology
240
Tapered ends with pits.
Tracheids
241
Sausage-shaped cells.
Guard cells
242
Which branch of botany focuses on plant functions?
Plant physiology
243
Forms coconut shells.
Sclerenchyma
244
Will the path remain after the stem ages and wood accumulates?
No
245
Which areas of the stem serve as food storage?
Cortex and pith
246
Which area of the root helps to absorb minerals and water?
Region of maturation where root bakes are found
247
Outer layer of root.
Epidermis
248
Inner layer of cortex.
Endodermis
249
Middle layer of root.
Stele
250
Conducts minerals.
tracheids and vessel elements
