Exam 9 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What are piaget’s stage of cognitive development ?
Sensorimotor -(0-2yrs ) -reflex replacement by purposeful movement
Preoperational-(2-7yrs )- egocentric thinking - trial & error
Concrete operational (7-11yrs)-systematic problem solving , can deal with one or more aspect of a situation
Formal operational (2-15yrs) - abstract thinking
What Is growth and development ? When does it begin & end ?
Growth - change physical and functioning
Development - change in psychosocial functioning
Development begins with conception and ends with death
What are ericksons stages of psychosocial development ?
Infancy - trust vs . Mistrust Toddler-autonomy vs. shame&doubt Pre-k - initiative vs. guilt School age - industry vs. inferiority Adolescence - identity vs. role diffusion Young adult - intimacy vs. isolation Middle adult -generativity vs.stagnation Late adult - integrity vs. despair
Describe the safe use of car seat for children ?
Rear facing in the back seat , for babies , less than one year 20-221bs
What purpose can an imagery friend serve for a preschooler ?
Escape goat to blame things on
Playmate
Imagination
What do peer group provide for school age development ?
Belonging
Gain maturity
Develop socially
What is the purpose of play for children ? Describe stages of play development ?
Important to learn
Onlooker & solitary play - playing by themselves Parallel play (18mnths -) - playing along side each other Cooperative play - monitor them and understand -PLAYING TOGETHER (tag) or interacting with other kids
What is the child first social relationship ?
Family
Describe approriate. Decipline and limits ?
Consistency
Not hostile or abusive
Maintain trust
Positive behavior
When should sex education be done for children ?
Prepare them before puberty
Be simple
Use simple terms
Describe some key issues and problems of adolescent ?
Trying to figure out , who I am Puberty Mature & childish Mood swings STD depression Drugs & alcohol Eating disorders Keep open communication relationship to deal with it Use open ended questions as a health care provider
What causes occur in menopause ? What causes those change ?
Stop making estrogen Stop releasing eggs ( not able to bare children ) -VAGINAL WALL THINNING PRONE TO INFECTIONS REDUCED BONE DENSITY VAGINAL & uterus tend to shrink /decrease DRYNESS DURING INTERCOURSE HOT FLASHES
How should the family respond to stress and help their children deal with it
Observe Talkin Listening Look out for signs Prepare them ahead of time Validate their feelings - open communication DO NOT TEACH YHEM TO IGNORE IT
What are age related changes of each body system ?
H
What are some tips for healthy aging ?
Excersize Nutrition/diet Stress management Supportive relationship Early detention & treatment of disease Hydration Avoid smoking & Alcohol Screen test - to catch cancer early
What are myths about aging ?
Non sexual Poor Live in nursing homes Cannot learn new things Senile Isolated Grumpy Rigid Hard of hearing Inactive Unhealthy Drain on society Unhappy
What are theories of aging biological and psychosocial ?i e : the active theory
BIOLOGICAL : GENETIC PROGRAMMING - dna, hair color , features
IMMUNOLOGIC -attacking you own tissues
FREE RADICALS - antioxidants
WEAR & TEAR - physical & emotional stress
PSYCHOSOCIAL : DISENGAGEMENT- when grown children depart from home
CONTINUITY -keep doing what you were doing when you were younger
ACTIVITY THEORY - keep active to age well
What is ageism ?
Stereotyping and discrimination on people based on their age ?
What is polypharmacy ?
-many drugs
-inappropriate use of multiple drugs -can create a situation which the risk outweigh the benefit
-TAKING 5 PLUS MEDS
-SOMETIMES BORROWING
-taking MEDS from more than one health care provider
- have prescription at more than one pharmacy
- request refill without seeing doctor
-use over the counter MEDS
… Nurse make sure they have pt complete list of MEDS
How do you prevent & treat constipation in elderly ?
High fiber Nutrition Hydration Excersize Stool softer
What nursing intervention will help confused adults ?
Put them in a familiar Use pictures Clocks , calendars Orient them frequently Monitor them Take them to the restroom ... Must never leave the hospital confused
How should you care for the incontinent older adult ?
Be respectful Do not embarrass them Treat them with dignity Offer them the bathroom Q2hrs Good hygiene
What is the bladder training program ?
Kegel excersize
What is individualize care ?
- Care plan set up for each person
- What they need as an individual based on culture
- Health & winless for each patient
- Adapt to their wellness
