‼️Exam- AKI Flashcards
(15 cards)
Which type of AKI is caused by hypoperfusion?
A. Prerenal
B. Intrarenal
C. Postrenal
D. Chronic
Answer: A. Prerenal
Rationale: Decreased blood flow to kidneys leads to prerenal AKI.
A patient with BPH develops AKI. What is the likely type?
A. Prerenal
B. Intrarenal
C. Postrenal
D. Nephritic
Answer: C. Postrenal
Rationale: BPH can obstruct urine flow, causing postrenal AKI.
Which lab change is expected in AKI?
A. Decreased creatinine
B. Elevated potassium
C. Decreased BUN
D. Increased calcium
Answer: B. Elevated potassium
Rationale: AKI leads to poor potassium excretion.
Which is an early sign of AKI?
A. Diuresis
B. Hypernatremia
C. Oliguria
D. Hypotension
Answer: C. Oliguria
Rationale: Urine output <400 mL/day indicates early AKI.
Which phase of AKI includes increased urine output?
A. Initiation
B. Oliguric
C. Diuretic
D. Recovery
Answer: C. Diuretic
Rationale: In the diuretic phase, kidneys produce more urine as they recover.
What diagnostic study confirms AKI?
A. Chest X-ray
B. CT of brain
C. Serum creatinine
D. Hemoglobin A1C
Answer: C. Serum creatinine
Rationale: Creatinine is a key indicator of kidney function.
Nursing care in AKI focuses on:
A. Limiting fluids and potassium
B. Encouraging fluids and sodium
C. Frequent ambulation
D. Low-protein diet
Answer: A. Limiting fluids and potassium
Rationale: These restrictions help manage fluid and electrolyte overload.
Which finding is most concerning in AKI?
A. Serum creatinine 1.0
B. Blood pressure 130/80
C. Potassium 6.5 mEq/L
D. pH 7.38
Answer: C. Potassium 6.5 mEq/L
Rationale: High potassium poses serious risk for cardiac arrhythmias.
Medication safety in AKI involves avoiding:
A. Acetaminophen
B. Lisinopril
C. NSAIDs
D. Furosemide
Answer: C. NSAIDs
Rationale: NSAIDs reduce renal perfusion and can worsen AKI.
Which electrolyte imbalance is common in AKI?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypophosphatemia
D. Hypomagnesemia
Answer: B. Hyperkalemia
Rationale: Potassium builds up due to impaired excretion.
What is a priority nursing intervention in AKI?
A. Encourage protein intake
B. Monitor fluid status
C. Administer NSAIDs
D. Increase sodium
Answer: B. Monitor fluid status
Rationale: Accurate I&O and daily weights is critical to assess renal function and avoid overload.
Which test best evaluates fluid retention in AKI?
A. Capillary refill
B. Hematocrit
C. Daily weights
D. Blood pressure
Answer: C. Daily weights
Rationale: Daily weight is the most accurate indicator of fluid status.
In AKI, early prevention includes:
A. Encouraging bed rest
B. Using nephrotoxic drugs
C. Maintaining hydration
D. Administering potassium
Answer: C. Maintaining hydration
Rationale: Hydration prevents prerenal causes of AKI.
A nurse educates a patient with AKI to avoid:
A. Bananas and oranges
B. Chicken and fish
C. Rice and bread
D. Apples and grapes
Answer: A. Bananas and oranges
Rationale: High-potassium foods should be avoided.
Which phase of AKI shows return to normal GFR?
A. Initiation
B. Oliguric
C. Diuretic
D. Recovery
Answer: D. Recovery
Rationale: The recovery phase is marked by normalization of kidney function.
