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Anatomy > Exam Ch 3-6 Slides Review > Flashcards

Exam Ch 3-6 Slides Review Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Cell membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer (hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails)
Selectively permeable
Passive transport (diffusion through the lipid bilayer, ion channels, and facilitated diffusion)
Active transport (requires cellular energy)
Vesicular transport

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2
Q

Solute transport moves from ___ to ___ due to the concentration gradient.

A

Left, right

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3
Q

Osmosis

A

Net movement of water
Selectively permeable membrane
Low concentration of solutes to high concentration of solutes

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4
Q

Hypotonic solutions

A

Cells will burst

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5
Q

Hypertonic

A

Cells solutions will reach equilibrium and become isotonic

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6
Q

Diffusion through Membrane channels

A

Most are ion channels
Small inorganic ions
Channels are selective and nonspecific
Gated or open

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7
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Solute binds to a transporter
Transporter undergoes conformational change
Transporter releases the solute
(Ex. Glucose, fructose, urea, some vitamins)

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8
Q

Endocytosis

A

Moves material into a cell in a vesicle formed in the plasma membrane

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9
Q

Exocytosis

A

Secretory vesicles form inside the cell, fuse w/the plasma membrane and release their contents into the extra cellular material

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10
Q

Know the organelles of cell and their functions

A

Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Centriole
Lysosome
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Ribosome

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11
Q

Epithelial tissues

A

Tight junctions
Coverings and linings and glandular tissues
Arranged in sheets
Little extra cellular material
Avascular
Has nerve supply
High motif rate

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12
Q

Classification of epithelial tissues- shapes

A

Squamous (best for diffusion, one layer, waterproof, protection, injury or infection)
Cuboidal (secretion)
Columnar (absorption)
Transitional

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13
Q

Classification of epithelial tissues- layers

A

Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified

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14
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Functions in support and some movement (male urethra and vas deferens)

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15
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Controversial
One layer of cells but appears as many
All cells are attached to the basement membrane but some do not reach apical surface

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16
Q

Exocrine glands classification- Merocrine glands

A

Discharge by exocytosis of secretory vesicles

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17
Q

Exocrine glands classification- Apocrine glands

A

Apical part of the cell wall pinches off

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18
Q

Exocrine glands classification- Holocene glands

A

Secretory product is released when the cell dies

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19
Q

Connective tissue matrix

A

Fluid
Semisolid
Gelatinous
Fibrous
Calcified
Secreted by connective tissue cells and adjacent cells

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20
Q

Three matrix fibers that provide strength and support

A

Collagen, elastic, reticular

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21
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Consists of adipose tees
Stores triglycerides
Found along w/areolar tissue
Reduces heat loss, energy reservoir,supports, protects

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22
Q

Cartilage

A

Dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers embedded in a chondroitin sulfate matrix
Chondrocytes in the matrix
No blood vessels or nerves
Three types (hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic)

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23
Q

Bone: Osseous tissue

A

Osteocytes
Matrix contains salts and collagen fibers
Haversian systems

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24
Q

Blood

A

Liquid matrix= plasma
Formed elements= cells
- red blood cells
- white blood cells

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25
Four tissue types
Nervous, muscle, connective, epithelial
26
Three types of muscle tissue
Skeletal (striated, movement) Smooth (blood vessels, involuntary) Cardiac (striated, involuntary)
27
Layers of the epidermis
Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basal
28
Dermis
Connective tissue Collagen, elastic tissue, and reticular fibers Regions: papillary layer (superficial) reticular region Epidermal ridges (make fingerprints)
29
Cells in the epidermis
Keratinocytes (outermost later of cells) and melanocytes (gives skin tone)
30
Sebaceous (oil) glands
Connected to hair follicles Produce sebum - moisturizes - waterproofs - softens - inhibits bacterial growth
31
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
Eccrine sweat glands - regulate body temp - Eliminate wastes such as urea - terminate at pores in surface of epidermis
32
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands
Apocrine glands - axilla, pubis, areolae - open into hair follicles
33
Ceruminous glands
-Modified sudoriferous - produce curemen aka earwax - external auditory meatus
34
Nails
- keratinized epithelium -parts o/ nail (nail bed, plate, grove, eponychium, hyponychium, lunula)
35
Functions of the skin
- protection - thermoregulation - cutaneous sensation - excretion and absorption - water proof - diffusion - protection against infection
36
Function of the epidermis
Provide protection
37
Function of the dermis
Support and strengthen skin
38
Function of the hypodermis
Stores fat
39
Epithelial tissue: simple squamous
Location: air sacs of lungs, blood vessels Function: lubricatio
40
Epithelial tissue: stratified squamous
Location: skin, mouth Function: lunrication, protection
41
Epithelial tissue: simple columnar
Location: stomach, intestines, uterus Function: protective, secrete mucus
42
Epithelial tissue: Pseudostratified columnar
Location: trachea, fallopian tubes Function: movement
43
Epithelial tissue: stratified columnar
Location: vas deferens, male urethra Function: support and some movement
44
Epithelial tissue: simple cuboidal
Location: kidneys, ovaries, thyroid glands Function: secretion, absorption
45
Epithelial tissue: stratified cuboidal
Location: mammary glands, sweat glands Function: secretion, absorption, protection
46
Epithelial tissue: transitional
Location: bladder Function: stretch, protection against seepage
47
Connective tissue: loose fibrous
Location: under skin,in muscle Function: nourishment, stretch
48
Connective tissue: adipose
Location: spaces through body (consists of adipocytes) Function: insulation and cushioning
49
Connective tissue: cartilage
Location: ears, nose, mouth Function cushion, support Dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers embedded in a chondroitin matrix No blood vessels or nerves
50
Connective tissue: dense fibrous
Location: ligaments and tendons Function: pulling/pushing forces
51
Connective tissue: bone
Location: skeleton Function: support, protection Think tree rings
52
Connective tissue: blood
Location: veins, arteries, heart Function: transport Liquid plasma matrix
53
Muscle tissue: skeletal
- striated - movement
54
Muscle tissue: smooth
- blood vessels - involuntary
55
Muscle tissue: cardiac muscle
- striated - involuntary
56
Nervous tissue
- neurons and axons responsible for signaling
57
Four main tissues
mucus, cutaneous, serous, structural
58
Glycolysis
Breakdown of glucose via enzymes
59
Nucleolus
found within nucleus, chromosomes that are within the nucleus and they put all their genes to make ribosomes in one area within the nucleus. The chromosomes are all producing ribosomal RNA to make ribosomes
60
Nucleus
Contains the genetic material of cell. Controls cells and makes proteins
61
Ribosome
Main function is to build proteins- assembles amino acids into polypeptides
62
Vesicle
membrane bound container, different types such as a transport vesicle (moves material around) that determine their functions
63
Rough ER
folded membrane that comes out from the nucleus, ribosomes attached on the outside, RNA passes through to make proteins, will also produce membranes that are going to be used within the cell
64
Golgi body
proteins are packaged into transport vesicles and moved to the golgi apparatus, modifies proteins, “ships” to all parts of the cell
65
Cytoskeleton
the structure inside the cell, provides physical structure
66
Smooth ER
Synthesis of lipids
67
Mitochondria
Generates ATP for the cell
68
Vacuole
Stores water, creates pressure that keeps cells inflated
69
Cytosol
Fluid that contains solutes, concentration gradients
70
Lysosome
Will break down materials
71
Centriole
Important to positioning the cell

Anatomy (6 decks)

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