Exam Chapter 4

Question 1

Cellular metabolism

Answer 1

All chemical reactions occurring in a cell

Question 2

Anabolism(adding)

Answer 2

Taking small molecules & building larger ones

Question 3

Catabolism(cutting)

Answer 3

Taking large molecules & breaking them down

Question 4

Anabolism provides…

Answer 4

Materials for growth and repair

Question 5

Dehydration process

Answer 5

Smaller molecules are bound together and H2O is produced in the process

Question 6

Catabolism

Answer 6

Breaks down larger molecules

Question 7

Hydrolysis

Answer 7

Uses H2O to split substances(used to decompose)

Question 8

Energy

Answer 8

Releasing reactions must occur at rates that balance with energy utilizing reactions

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

Control rates of both catabolic and anabolic reactions

Question 10

What are proteins

Answer 10

Proteins that catalyze(speed up) specific reactions

Question 11

What do enzymes do?

Answer 11

Lower the activation energy so that they can speed up

Question 12

What is activation energy? I

Answer 12

The minimum amount of energy that is needed to activate

Question 13

Is each enzyme specific to a particular substrate?

Answer 13

YES

Question 14

Is shape vital to its function?

Answer 14

YES

Question 15

What are factors that can alter and enzyme

Answer 15

• excess heat
• radiation
• chemicals
• pH values
• poisons

Question 16

Denaturation

Answer 16

Inactivation of an enzyme

Question 17

Cellular respiration

Answer 17

Reaction that produces ATP and occurs in Interconnected sequences

Question 18

Glycosis

Answer 18

(Anaerobic,

aerobic)

Question 19

Citric acid cycle

Answer 19

Aerobic

Question 20

Electron transport chain

Answer 20

Aerobic

Question 21

Glycosis location

Answer 21

Cytoplasms

Question 22

Citric avid cycle location

Answer 22

Mitochondria

Question 23

Electron transport chain location

Answer 23

Mitochondria

Question 24

1st step in cellular respiration

Answer 24

Glycosis

Question 25

Glycosis actions?

Answer 25

Splits one glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules | 4 ATPs are made but 2 are use

Question 26

What other products are made in glycosis

Answer 26

2NADH | H+ions

Question 27

2nd step in cellular respiration

Answer 27

Citric acid cycle

Question 28

What happens in the citric acid cycle

Answer 28

Pyruvic acid is converted acid to call a switch goes through a series of reactions

Question 29

Reactions produce what the citric acid cycle

Answer 29

4ATPs 2NDH 2FADH2

Question 30

What is ATP

Answer 30

Adenosine triphosphate provides energy

Question 31

What does ATP look like

Answer 31

Adenine and three phosphates

Question 32

What does the electron transport chain produce?

Answer 32

ATP

Question 33

What is a gene

Answer 33

unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

Question 34

What is a genome?

Answer 34

the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.

Question 35

What is Exon?

Answer 35

a segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence

Question 36

What is gene expression?

Answer 36

the appearance in a phenotype of a characteristic or effect attributed to a particular gene.

Question 37

What are the start codons?

Answer 37

AUG

Question 38

What are the stop codons?

Answer 38

UGA UAG UAA

Question 39

What are the bases of DNA?

Answer 39

Guanine Cytosine Thymine Adenine

Question 40

What are the building blocks of DNA?

Answer 40

Nucleotides (phosphate,sugar,& one of the 4 nitrogen bases)

Question 41

What is the structure of RNA?

Answer 41

Contains one of the four nitrogen bases which are A,U,&G/a phosphate/& a nucleotide