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Teddy Bear > Exam Definitions > Flashcards

Exam Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

What does PIES-M stand for

A

Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social and Moral

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2
Q

What are the two types of physical skills

A

Fine motor and gross motor

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3
Q

Define Fine Motor

A

requires the use of hands and fingers

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4
Q

Define gross motor

A

requires the use of large muscle groups

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5
Q

define intellectual skills

A

involves thinking and language skills (following directions, solving problems, writing name)

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6
Q

define emotional skills

A

helping children to control and regulate their emotions

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7
Q

define social skills

A

helps children to get along and interact positively with others

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8
Q

define moral skills

A

teaching preschoolers right from wrong according to our culture

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9
Q

what is schedualling

A

having an organized daily schedule that children are able to follow (using photos and visual cues)

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10
Q

define rules

A

show children what is expected and how they should act

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11
Q

define rituals

A

song/rhythm/pattern repeated in a predictable pattern to communicate to children

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12
Q

define routine

A

(like the daily schedule) allows the children to know what’s next and should be similar everyday

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13
Q

cephalocaudal principle

A

development tends to proceed from the head downward. Child first gains control of its head, then neck, then arms and then legs

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14
Q

proximodistal principle

A

development proceeds from the center of the body, outward. Child’s spinal cord develops before other parts. Arms develop before hands and then fingers

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15
Q

maturation

A

sequence of biological changes in children which gives them new abilities. It depends on the development of the brain and nervous system. The changes help children improve their thinking abilities and fine motor skills.

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16
Q

Developmental theories

A

provide insights into how children learn and grow

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17
Q

schemata

A

(Piaget) mental representations or consepts

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18
Q

adaptation

A

(Piaget) when children mentally organize what they perceive (understand) in their environment. If info doesn’t fit, a state of imbalance occurs.

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19
Q

What is used to return to a state of balance in the brain

A

Assimilation & Accommodation

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20
Q

assimilation

A

(Piaget) taking in new info and adding it to what is already known

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21
Q

accommodation

A

(Piaget) adjusting to what is already known to fit the new info (how thoughts are organized)

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22
Q

object permanence

A

(Piaget: sensorimotor) learning objects still exist even when they are out of sight

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23
Q

egocentric

A

(Piaget: Preoperational) assuming others see the world the same way they do

24
Q

conservation

A

(Piaget: Preoperational) knowing even if physical apperance changes, the amount doesn’t change

25
Q

scaffolding

A

(Vygotsky) the help from a knowledgeable peer or adult to complete a task

26
Q

windows of opprotunities

A

specific span of time for the normal development of certian types of skills

27
Q

plasticity

A

the ability of an infant’s brain to change according to stimulation

28
Q

cortisol

A

a steroid that is produced when under stress. High levels of it wash over the brain like acid and over time can lead to memory loss and issues regulating emotions

29
Q

brain wiring

A

when new links of specialized nerve cells are formed

30
Q

sensory stimulation

A

when one of the child’s senses are stimulated causing new connections

31
Q

overstimulation

A

a flood of sounds and sights which causes harmful stress to infants

32
Q

conseption

A

when egg and sperm meet

33
Q

HCG (Human Chronic Gonadotropin)

A

hormone from the placenta appearing in he blood/urine conforms pregnancy

34
Q

colostrum

A

first milk

35
Q

hemorrhoids

A

sores

36
Q

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

A

Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory - shows a learning scale where one end is tasks at child’s development level and the other end is too hard, even with help. The center is tasks that can by completed with help. The “zone” is constantly changing

37
Q

Options for an infertial couple

A

Adoption, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, ovum transfer, surrogate mother

38
Q

In vitro fertilization

A

Happens when a mother has damaged fallopian tubes. Egg and sperm are combined and then zygote is placed in unterus

39
Q

Artificial insemination

A

Doctor injects sperm into women’s uterus with needle

40
Q

Ovum transfer

A

Egg is taken from female donner and placed in women’s uterus

41
Q

Surrogate mother

A

A mother who becomes pregnate for another couple (carries a couple’s fertilized egg)

42
Q

Labor

A

The process by which the baby gradually moves out of the uterus to be born

43
Q

Delivery

A

The birth itself

44
Q

Pruning

A

When unused neural circuits are eliminated. It is also the selection of active neural circuits

45
Q

Neural tube

A

Is the earliest nervous tissue that looks like a fat earthworm stretched out along the entire back of the embryo. It transforms into the brain and the spinal cord.

46
Q

How many chromosomes do each child receive?

A

46 - 23 from each

47
Q

frontal lobe

A

thinking, planning, problem solving, emotions, behavioral control and decision making

48
Q

temporal lobe

A

memory, understanding language, facial recognition, hearing, vision, speach, emotion

49
Q

parietal lobe

A

preception, object classification, spelling, knowledge of numbers, visuospatial processing

50
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision, visual processing, color identification

51
Q

cerebellum

A

gross and fine motor skills, hand eye coordination, balance

52
Q

brain stem

A

regulate body temperature, heart rate, swallowing, breathing

53
Q

fetal alcohol syndrome

A

a term for a range of disorders. these disorders can be mild to severe and can cause a wide range of mental and physical birth defects

54
Q

What causes FAS

A

When a mother drinks while pregnate and the alcohol travels through the placenta and into the baby

55
Q

Signs of FAS

A

Small head, abnormal facial features, below average height and weight, delayed development and problems with speech, thinking, movement, and social skills, learning disabilities and intellectual disables

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