EXAM Everything Unit 1

Question 1

Adjectives

Answer 1

A word naming an attribute of a noun e.g. she is TIRED

Question 2

Adverb

Answer 2

A word that describes or modifies a verb

• most end with LY*
  e. g. he always arrives EARLY

Question 3

Affixation

Answer 3

The process of adding a morpheme to a word to create either; a different form of that word or a new word with a different meaning e.g. childHOOD oldER

Question 4

Assimilation

Answer 4

Occurs when a sound changes to become more like a neighbouring sound e.g. ‘Choosday’, ‘didju’ (did you), ‘hambag’

Question 5

Auxiliary Verbs

Answer 5

Verbs that modify and change some aspects of a main verb. These can also be main verbs. E.g. To: ‘be’ ‘have’ ‘do’ & modal verbs

Question 6

Clause

Answer 6

A group of words that includes a subject and a verb. E.g. ‘the MAN WHO LIVES NEXT DOOR is getting ruder

Question 7

Conjunction

Answer 7

Shows a link between one word, phrase or clause and another word, phrase or clause. E.g. ‘… in case…’

Question 8

Content Words

Answer 8

Words in a sentence that carry real-world meaning and provide the content of a sentence. E.g. nouns, adjectives, verbs

Question 9

Coordinate conjunction

Answer 9

Brings two different sentences together (clauses) FANBOYS ;

Question 10

Coordination

Answer 10

Uses coordinating conjunctions to add to the sentence.

Question 11

Derivational Morpheme

Answer 11

The process of creating a new word out of an old word, usually by adding a prefix or a suffix. REtrial

Question 12

Determiners

Answer 12

Come before nouns. They show what type of reference the noun is making. E.g. THE Eiffel Tower is …

Question 13

Elision

Answer 13

The emission of a sound in connected speech. E.g. ‘wanna’ ‘cuppa’ ‘libry’

Question 14

Ellipses

Answer 14

The process of removal of words from a sentence to avoid repetition, or if they are implied or unnecessary. Not the actual ‘…’

Question 15

Function Words

Answer 15

Exist to perform a job, most commonly to convey grammatical relationships between words in a sentence. E.g. determiners, prepositions, pronouns etc

Question 16

Inflectional morpheme

Answer 16

Adds grammatical information. E.g suffix, prefix

Question 17

Insertion

Answer 17

Involves the additions of sounds where they don’t strictly belong E.g. ‘souv-e-laki’, ‘draw-ring’ ‘go-wing’

Question 18

Interjections

Answer 18

Mostly exclamation words e.g. ‘Bah!

Question 19

Modal Verbs

Answer 19

Special category of aux verbs that carry information to do with notions such as ability, permission, likelihood & obligation. Can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must

Question 20

Free morpheme

Answer 20

A morpheme (or word element) that can stand alone as a word. E.g. ASSIGNment, enCOUNTERED, unCOMMON

Question 21

Bound morpheme

Answer 21

A morpheme (or word element) that cannot stand alone as a word. E.g. ‘PREtest’, ‘DIScontent’

Question 22

Noun

Answer 22

A word that is the name of something such as a person, animal, place, thing, quality or action.

Question 23

Phrase

Answer 23

A group of words that stand together as a single unit, typically as part of a clause or a sentence. A phrase does not contain a subject and verb. E.g. ‘THE BEWILDERED TOURIST was lost’

Question 24

Preposition

Answer 24

A word or phrase that connects a noun or pronoun to a verb or adjective in a sentence.

Question 25

Pronouns

Answer 25

Any of a small set of words in a language that are used as substitutes for nouns or noun phrases and whose referents are named or understood in the context.

Question 26

Prosodic Features

Answer 26

Phonological properties that relate to the pronunciation of syllables, words and phrases. E.g. pitch, stress, volume, tempo, intonation

Question 27

Sentences: Complex

Answer 27

Contain a single man clause and one or more subordinate clauses. Main cause is dominant and the subordinate clauses add extra meaning. EG ‘I bought 3 potato cakes BECAUSE I was hungry’

Question 28

Sentences: Compound

Answer 28

Contain at least two main clauses, joined together by a coordinate conjunction. Each clause has equal prominence. I bought three potato cakes ANDTheo bought a burger

Question 29

Sentences: Compound Complex

Answer 29

Must have at least three clauses in total, with at least two main clauses and one subordinate clause. EG …and…because

Question 30

Sentences: Fragments

Answer 30

Typically used in casual or informal texts, and act as a sentence even though they aren’t a complete main clause. EG ‘Potato cakes 3 for $1’

Question 31

Sentences: Simple

Answer 31

Contain a single main clause (subject verb object). E.g. I bought three potato cakes

Question 32

Subordinate conjunction

Answer 32

Two or more subordinate clauses + independent clause. EG the cat sat on the mat THEN it yawned

Question 33

Subordination

Answer 33

Uses subordinating conjunctions to make main clauses into subordinating clauses. EG Because, while, although, whether

Question 34

Verb

Answer 34

A word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence; dynamic or stative

Question 35

Vowel Reduction

Answer 35

Similar to elision but vowels in unstressed positions are reduced to a schwa ‘uh/’. EG To = ‘tə’, you = ‘yə’

Question 36

Fricatives

Answer 36

F, V, TH, TH, S, Z, SH, meaSure, Genre, H

Question 37

Affricates

Answer 37

CH, J