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Exam Extras Flashcards

1
Q

What are the steps for donning PPE?

A

1) Wash hands
2) Don apron
3) Don mask
4) Don eye protection
5) Don gloves

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2
Q

What are the steps for doffing PPE?

A

1) Remove gloves
2) Wash hands
3) Remove apron
4) Remove eye protection
5) wash hands
6) remove mask
7) wash hands

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3
Q

What is a cost benefit analysis?

A

Whether economic value can justify costs
compare costs of >/= 2 alternatives and review return on investment eg stop smoking interventions

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4
Q

What is a cost utility analysis?

A

Determine cost in quantity/quality of life eg cost of cancer rx for one extra year of life

utility= year

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5
Q

What is a QALY?

A

Number of years in a health state x health state weighting

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6
Q

Cost effectiveness

A

Costs of various approaches to achieve a specific health outcome using specific units
eg DM treatment and kilos lost

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7
Q

Budget Impact Analysis

A

financial affordability of an intervention eg change in cost to budget holder from f2f to tele appointments

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8
Q

Cost-consequence analysis

A

comprehensive summary or multiple costs and effects, commissioner/government/budget level

cost consequence
comprehensive comissmioner

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9
Q

Cost minimisation

A

Only looking at costs, not on impact or other factors

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10
Q

WHOQOL

A

1) Physical (mobility/pain)
2) Psychological
3) Level of independence (mobility/ADLs)
4) Social relationships
5) Environment (work/home/transport)
6) Spirituality/Needs (perceptions)

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11
Q

EuroQOL 5D

A

1) Mobility
2) Self care
3) Usual activities
4) pain
5) anxiety/depression

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12
Q

How long is a prescription valid for?

A

6 months (Controlled drug= 28/7)

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13
Q

What are examples of special category personal data?

A

Significant risk to rights/freedoms:
Race/ethnicity
Politics
Union
Health
Religion
Sex/orientation
genetic/biometric

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14
Q

What is a subject access request?

A

Made by pt/3rd party with pt’s consent
private/nhs data
1) verify identity with reasonable means
2) give a copy within 28/7-> extends to 2/12 if complex/many requests

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15
Q

What is a health record?

A

Any patient contact with a healthcare system
covered by access to health records act

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16
Q

What is the Data Protection Act?

A

How information is used/what information is held
general data processing guidance
right to access information held about you

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17
Q

Freedom of Information Act

A

Must ask in writing, with home/address/what you want
within 20 days
all public services

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18
Q

Human Rights Act

A

eg to life, respect and privacy, freedom of religion/belief
public authorities must follow this

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19
Q

Mental Capacity Assessment components

A

Understand
Retain
Weigh
Communicate

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20
Q

Dahlgren and Whitehead model of health determinants

A

1) general/socioeconomic/cultural/environmental
2) living and working
3) Social and Community Networks
4) Individual Lifestyle
5) Age/sex/constitutional factors

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21
Q

Nottingham Health Profile

A

Part 1 and 2
brief view to survey health problems and measure medical/social intervention
0= worst health
100= best health

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22
Q

Sickness Impact Profile

A

A-N
measure of health status by ADL performance

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23
Q

SF-36

A

36 item short form survey looking at QOL measures

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24
Q

Donebedian’s Model

A

evaluates quality of care
1) Structure (characteristics of the place)
2) Process (what services/investigations)
3) Outcomes (effect on status of individual/population)

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25
Mental Health Act- 131
Informal, voluntary admission (has capacity and consents)
26
Mental Health Act- 2
Detention for assessment 28 days AMHP/nearest relative + 2 doctors | 2=2 drs, 28 days ## Footnote 3- treatment
27
Mental Health Act- 3
Detention for treatment 6 months renewable AMHP/nearest relative + 2 doctors
28
Mental Health Act- 4
admission for assessment 72 hours AMHP + 1 doctor
29
Mental Health Act 5 (2)
assessment 72 hours 1 doctor
30
Mental Health Act 5 (4)
assessment 6 hours 1 nurse | 4 5 6 (6 hours, 1 nurse)
31
Mental Health Act- 135
Police private property 24 hrs | 5=private
32
Mental Health Act- 136
Police public property 24 hrs | 13 fiiive = priivate 13siix- publiic
33
Mental Health Act 17a
community treatment 1 clinician + AMHP detain for 72hrs if non compliant | 17 a= 72 hours
34
Humanist
heavier emphasis on learner and their potential not focussing on methods/materials meeting own needs and taking control | humanist= heavy emphasis
35
Behaviourist
learn by observing others learner is a blank slate, repetition and reinforcement needed behaviourist- by observing
36
Cognitivist
Learning occurs when learner breaks down and re-organises new information in their mind
37
Connectivist
Finding/sifting through information to learn own answers
38
Existentialist
Explore own interests/passions, not what others tell you to learn
39
How often is a census performed?
Every 10 years 2 year projections
40
What is Bloom's taxonomy
mastery of a subject/higher thinking 1) cognitive (knowledge, can recall/apply) 2) affective (attitude- can receive/respond) 3) skills (imitation/manipulation) ABC Blooms, cognitive, affective
41
What is Miller's pyramind?
Expert to Novice 1) Knowledge 2) Understanding Both can be assessed by tests 3) shows how 4) does Assessed by OSCE/OSATs Miller's OSCE
42
Pendleton's Rules
Giving Feedback 1) what did you do well? 2) What do I think you did well 3) What do you think could have gone better? 4) What I think could have gone better 5) Agreed action plan
43
Validity
the ability of an assessment tool to measure what it is intended to measure
44
4 principles of medical ethics
Beneficence Non-maleficence autonomy justice
45
Caldicott Guardian
responsible for: protecting confidentiality enabling appropriate information sharing
46
Bolam principle
Not negligent is acting in accordance with accepted practice (medical opinion/body)
47
Bolitho Principle
extension of Bolam medical consensus AND logical analysis (not just what opinion/body says, but also logical)
48
Montgomery ruling
Take reasonable care to ensure aware of material risks and alternatives 'what a reasonable pt would want to know' serious risks and common risks
49
What is commissioning?
Encompasses many actions: Health Needs Assessment Service Specification Contract Negotiation/Procurement ->continuous quality assessment
50
What is Surveillance?
Ensuring right information is available at the right time and right place to inform: public health action programme planning and evaluation formulating research hypotheses
51
What is screening?
Identifying healthy people who may be at risk of something
52
What is a Health Needs Assessment?
Systematic Method of identifying unmet healthcare needs of a population and making changes to meet those unmet needs
53
Principles of Confidentiality
Minimum necessary manage and protect information be aware of responsibility comply with law share relevant to direct care explicit consent if identifiable tell patient about disclosure support access to own info
54
Caldicott Report 1997
Recommend each trust has a guardian to ensure principles are implemented and monitored
55
Commissioner's office
promote and enforce: FOI DPA
56
When to breach confidentiality
in public interest protect individual/society from serious harm eg: crime/communicable disease Who to ask: Caldicott Guardian GMC/BMA/MDU
57
Consent in practice
agreement for health professional to provide care 1) mental capacity 2) enough information and opportunity to discuss 3) free from duress -withdrawn at any time otherwise: Assault/battery
58
Best Interests
least restrictive option views/feeling of patient and those close to them wishes when competent QoL belief current wishes
59
Fraser Guidelines
Providing SRH care to those <16yo if: -understand -cannot be persuaded to tell those with parental responsibility -will have SI anyway -health would suffer without -best interests Gillick competent: mature enough to consent
60
Clare's Law
>16 can inquire to police to ask re history of abusive behaviour police can also proactively tell you Right to ask + Right to know
61
FGM
Illegal to arrange/assist illegal to take overseas for illegal to fail to protect from <18yo = mandatory reporting 1) Clitoridectomy 2) clitoris and labia minora 3) infibulation 4)Other
62
Side effect frequency meanings
Very common >1 in 10 Common >1 in 100 Uncommon >1 in 1000 Rare >1 in 10000 very rare <1 in 10 000 frequency not known
63
Maslow's
Hierarchy of needs to be met before higher learning can occur self actualise self esteem love and belonging safety and security psychological needs

Part 2 (16 decks)

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