Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Soc-110 > Exam final > Flashcards

Exam final Flashcards

(50 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Exploratory research

A

study a new issue
topic been explored but not specifically

learn existence of new issue and understand it
orient future research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Descriptive research

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Descriptive

A

Phenomenon exists but don’t know HOW

Describe/characterize population and phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explanatory research

A

Understand WHY

Reasons misunderstood
relationship between variable not explained

Causes and effects of variables
Predict future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Operationalize

A
  1. Identify & define the target concepts
  2. Identify indicators for variables

Sgt: standardized, reliable, facilitate measurement
Wk: diff. ways of measure & define

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Quantitative research

A

Positivism
Test hypotheses -> explain/predict relationships

Deductive (top-down), linear, inflexible

Large sample size -> random sampling

Standardized measurement tools/protocol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Qualitative research

A

Interpretivism, Social constructivism

Explore new/complex phenomenon
In-depth understanding

Inductive (bottom-up)
Dynamic/flexible

Small sample -> purposeful sampling

Open/flexible data collection/protocol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Participatory approches charac + st/wk

A

Quali type: understand phenomenon
New perspective by getting closer

Focus group!

Strg: adapted methods/intervention, skill development, facilitate knowledge->action, value exp of actors
Wk: long process, need training, reach actors, instrumentalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Target pop

A

Entire group that you want to study

Justified: based off issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Accessible pop

A

What you can actually measure

Depends on context and ressources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sample

A

Subset of accessible pop
People who take part in research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How is a sample eligible

A

Inclusion criteria
Coherence between sample and R. Topic
Scientifically supported

Exclusion criteria
Ethical considerations
Reduce irrelevant data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Sampling

A

How do you reach out to accessible pop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Probabilistic sampling techniques characteristics

A

Representativity
Generalizability
Random selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Simple random samples

A

Probabilistic Samp. Tech.

Sampling frame
Number potential participants
Randomly select individuals (random number table)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Systematic sampling

A

Probabilistic Samp. Tech.

Sampling frame: list all members of accessible pop
Randomly select individuals: start at K and take one each N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stratified sampling

A

Probabilistic Samp. Tech

Divide accessible pop in subgroups (sex, age, sport, …)
Draw a sample from each subgroups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cluster sampling

A

Probabilistic Samp. Tech

Divide accessible pop in subgroups
Select a whole subgroup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Probabilistic Sampling technique Strengths & weak

A

Strg: Representative samples, generalizable, less bias

Wk: Cost heavy, High skill and exp, May not rep minorities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Non-Probabilistic Sampling Techniques characteristics

A

Describe/explore small groups
Explore phenomenon unknown
Understand perspective of particular individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Purposive sampling

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-prob samp. tech

Identify perspective sought regarding topic of interest
Identify diversification criteria -> sample from diff experience/background

22
Q

Snowball sampling

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-prob samp. tech

Rely on initial participants to identify/recruit new participants
Stigmatized pop
Useful for groups unfamiliar to researchers

23
Q

Quota sampling

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-prob samp. tech

Identify categories important to study
Subgroups are created
Select participants from each subgroup

Subject to subjectivity (we chose from each subgroup)

24
Q

Convenience sampling

Study These Flashcards
A

Non-prob samp. tech

Use easily accessible pop: proximity, ressource, availability
FOR EXPLORATORY RESEARCH

25
Non-Probabilistic Sampling Technique strengths & weakness
Strengths: fast and simple, inexpensive, target specific experiences Wk: more risk of biases, lack of representativity of target pop, cannot generalize
26
Sampling biases
Access to invitation & recruitment strategies (fliers, poster, adds) Personal interests from participants
27
Survey research strengths & weakness
Quantitative method Strengths Large amount of data Quick answer/ collection Details about large pop Describe characteristics of pop or phenomenon Investigate opinions/behaviours Cost-effective Weakness Single instrument Validity of results (social desirability, biases of who participate) Risk of missing data Misunderstood questions
28
Survey vs Questionaire
Survey: large pop, an actual research method, stats analysis, draw conclusions Questionnaire: 1 on 1, just for info, no analysis
29
Cross-sectional
Survey Administered once (particular point in time) Doesn’t consider evolution (SNAP PICTURE = No long term assessment)
30
Longitudinal
Survey Repeated observations Assessment over a long period of time Risk of attrition
31
Trend survey
Longitudinal survey Evolution of behaviours, opinions and characteristics Look for trends -> not necessarily same people each time
32
Panel
Longitudinal survey Audience surveyed multiple times -> relationship between variables Same people each time (cost heavy + attrition)
33
Cohort study
Longitudinal survey Track changes overtime Regularly survey people of same category: not necessarily same individuals
34
Within-subject/group design
Measure change over time Effect of an intervention Same people in repeated testing Strg: smaller sample, statistically powerful Wk: Practice effets, order effects, effects of time (personal life), attrition
35
Between-subjects/groups design
T-/T+ -> random assignment Compare groups Strg: reduce carryover effects, limit fatigue, shorter in time Wk: larger sample size
36
Quasi-experimental research characteristics
Quantitative Quiz depress vs non-depress indiv. (innate charac) Test causal relationships between variables No random assignment Control group is not mandatory Field experiments
37
Types of quasi-exp researches
One group Post-test only Dep variable measured after No comparison group One group Pre-test/Post-test Single group performs experiment and dep variable is measured before and after
38
Non-exp research
Start anti-bullying program and compare (can’t manip bullying) Useful when you can’t manipulate independent variable Explore non-causal relationships
39
Correlational research charca + st/wk
Quantitative Non-exp method Strength/direction of relationships between variable strg Explore unknown or potential relationships Develop theories/hypotheses Unable to manipulation indep variable wk: Infer causation Can’t explain the why of relationship
40
Ethnography characteristics
Social Constructivism Field research: in context, natural environment, observe phenomenon Understand: activities and process, behaviours, meaning, social interactions, group communication = way of living
41
Ethnography interviews
Informal interviews: spontaneous, unstructured, flexible, natural environment Formal interviews: planned, semi-structured, private space
42
Ethnography Strenghts & Weaknesses
Strg: Privileged access to situations, uncover sensitive information, study in original context, uncover unconscious behaviours Wk: Large amount of details, small sample, demanding for researcher, heterogenous data sources
43
Focus groups
Qualitative data collection method Group of individuals with certains characteristics to talk about a certain issue/topic
44
Research steps
1. Choose topic 2. Review literature 3. Formulate the problem 4. Develop the R.Q 5. Chose/Organize R.Design 6. Gather data 7. Analyse data 8. Interpret data 9. Communicate findings
45
Qualitative scientific rigour
Subjectivity of participants’ perspective and context Quality of research process (respect objectives)
46
How to ensure credibility (qualitative)
Flexible approach, transcription of data Account for subjectivity of researcher and participants (Reflexivity) Account for natural context of phenomenon (contextualize) Data triangulation (multiple sources point to same direction)
47
Transferability of research
Transfer data to other individuals Describe participants, context and environment
48
Scientific rigour quantitative research
External validity: random sampling (generalizable, representative) Internal validity: trustworthy data, presence of biases and errors
49
Referencing
Credibility/plagiarism/contextualization APA 1,3 authors -> (x, 2000, (x,y & z, 2000) 3+ -> (x et al., 2000) 4 parts authors, date, title of article, publication information Parts separated by period and sub-sections by commas
50
Research proposal
Use: ethical approval, scientific evaluation, scholarships Explain research problem Justify need of study Suggest method -> what and how you will do it

Soc-110 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions