Exam Findings Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
Bell’s
A
External - palsy affecting ability to blink at one side of face
2
Q
Brow ptosis
A
External - drooping of the eyebrow
3
Q
Edema
A
External - swelling from flow of fluid
4
Q
Exophthalmos
A
External - bulging of the eye
5
Q
Enophthalmos
A
External - sinking in of the eye
6
Q
Proptosis
A
External - General term for protruding body part
7
Q
Blepharitis
A
Lids - inflammation of the lids
8
Q
Ecchymosis
A
Lids - bruising of the eyelid
9
Q
Ectropion / Entropion
A
Lids - Lid turned outward / inward
10
Q
Lash ptosis
A
Lids - Drooping of the eyelashes
11
Q
Lid lesion
A
Lids - Lesion on the eyelid
12
Q
MGD
A
Lids - Meibomian Gland Dysfunction - cause of dry eye syndrome (DES)
13
Q
Chemosis
A
Conjunctiva/Sclera - swelling / edema of the conjunctiva
14
Q
Cyst
A
Conjunctiva/Sclera - pimple-like bump on sclera
15
Q
Episcleritis
A
Conjunctiva/Sclera - irritation of episclera, which covers the sclera
16
Q
Injection
A
Conjunctiva/Sclera - bloodshot eye
17
Q
Nevus
A
Conjunctiva/Sclera - birthmark / pigment on eye
18
Q
Pigmentation
A
Conjunctiva / Sclera - nevus on eye
19
Q
Pinguecula
A
Conjunctiva / Sclera - yellowish, slightly raised thickening of the conjunctiva on the white part of the eye
20
Q
Pterygium
A
Conjunctiva / Sclera - benign growth of the conjunctiva
21
Q
SPK / PEE
A
Corneal - Superficial Punctate Keratitis / Punctate Epithelial Erosion - tiny dots or holes in cornea
22
Q
Thinning
A
Corneal - Thinning of the cornea
23
Q
Corneal Edema
A
Cornea - white fluid filling the cornea
24
Q
Dystrophy (ABMD, Fuchs)
A
Corneal - ABMD, Fuchs - Anterior Basement Membrane Dystropy, wasting away of the cornea. Degenerative disease of corneal epithelium
25
Deposits
Corneal - iron and pigment deposits
26
Epi defect
Corneal - Epithelial defect of cornea with several etiologies
27
Guttata
Corneal - collagen collection in eye indicative of Fuch's dystrophy
28
Keratic precipitates
Corneal - KP - keratic precipitates not limited to collagen, on cornea
29
Deep and quiet
Anterior Chamber - normal
30
Cell
Anterior Chamber - individual inflammatory cells
31
Flare
Anterior Chamber - foggy appearance given by protein that has leaked from inflamed blood vessels
32
Gas Bubble
Anterior Chamber - visible air bubble in anterior chamber
33
Narrow angle
Anterior Chamber - The angle of the iris / ciliary body is narrow / acute
34
Shallow
Anterior Chamber - not deep
35
Round and Reactive
Iris - normal
36
Dilated
Iris - dilated pupil
37
PI (peripheral iridectomy)
Iris - the surgical removal of a portion of the iris in the region of its root, leaving the pupillary margin and sphincter pupillae muscle intact. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma
38
Transillumination defect
Iris - irregular pigment distribution in iris
39
ACIOL / PCIOL
Lens - Anterior Chamber intraocular lens / Posterior chamber - synthetic lens for cataracts
40
Open Posterior Capsule
Lens - Open PC - result of a YAG when correcting for PCO from cataract surgery
41
Posterior Capsule Opacity
Lens - PCO - cataract forming on back of synthetic lens
42
Asteroid hyalosis
Vitreous - small opacities in vitreous humor
43
PVD
Vitreous - posterior vitreous detachment - hyaloid, or back surface of vitreous, is no longer in contact with the retina
44
Vitreous syneresis
Vitreous - contraction of gel precursor to PVD
45
Weiss ring
Vitreous - large floater the appears from PVD
46
Vitreous hemorrhage
Vitreous - blood in the vitreous
47
Cotton wool spots
Periphery - fluffy white patches on the retina
48
papilledema
Disc - optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure
49
AV nicking
Vessels - arteriovenous nicking - a small artery (arteriole) is seen crossing a small vein (venule), which results in the compression of the vein with bulging on either side of the crossing
50
Hypopyon
Anterior Chamber - inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber of eye
51
Nuclear sclerosis
Lens - NSC, or NS, - a cataract, change in the density of the lens that makes it opaque / scatter light
52
Collarettes
Lids - narrow rim of loosened keratin overhanging the periphery of a circumscribed skin lesion
53
Lattice Degeneration
Periphery - degeneration of the retinal lattice with may morphologies
54
Choroidal nevus
Periphery - freckle / pigment on the back of the eye
55
Exudates
Macula / Periphery - lipid residues of serous leakage from damaged capillaries. The commonest cause is diabetes
56
Hyphema
Anterior Chamber - collection of blood inside the front part of the eye
57
Pallor
Disc - an abnormal pale yellow color is evident on fundus exam
58
Descemet's folds
Cornea - membrane lying between stroma and cornea has folds
59
Narrow Angle
Anterior chamber
60
Melanosis
Conjunctiva/Sclera - conjunctival melanoma
61
Trichiasis
Lids - common eyelid abnormality in which the eyelashes are misdirected and grow inwards toward the eye
62
Synechiae
Anterior chamber / iris - iris adheres to either the cornea (i.e. anterior synechia) or lens (i.e. posterior synechia) can lead to narrow angle glaucoma
63
Retinopathy
Macula / Periphery - persistent or acute damage to the retina of the eye
64
asthenopia
eye strain
65
Stereo fly test
tests to see if eyes are working together via 3D images.
66
astigmatism
a defect in the eye or in a lens caused by a deviation from spherical curvature, which results in distorted images, as light rays are prevented from meeting at a common focus
67
nystagmus
rapid involuntary movements of the eyes
68
arcus
corneal - white, grey, or blue opaque ring in the corneal margin (peripheral corneal opacity)
69
drusen
macula - tiny white or yellow accumulations at back of retina
70
Chronic frontalis use
external - scrunching of forehead
71
Orbicularis weakness
external - weakness closing eyelids
72
Hering effect
external
73
Chalazion
lids - a cyst in the eyelid that is caused by inflammation of a blocked meibomian gland, usually on the upper eyelid
74
Collarettes
lids - crusting around base of lashes
75
Dermatochalasis
lids - defined as an excess of skin in the upper or lower eyelid, also known as "baggy eyes."
76
Epiblepharon
lids - a congenital horizontal fold of skin near the margin of the upper or lower eyelid. May cause lashes to touch eye
77
Keratosis
lids - growth of keratin on lids
78
Papilloma
lids - benign epithelial tumor
79
Scleral show
lids - whites of the eyes show on eyelid
80
scurf
lids - dandruff
81
telangiectasia
lids - small dilated blood vessels near the surface of the skin
82
xanthelasma
lids -yellowish deposit of fat underneath the skin
83
retraction
lids - eyelid is pulled too far up
84
bleb
Conjunctiva / Sclera - raised portion of the sclera
85
concretion
Conjunctiva / Sclera - small, hard, yellowish-white calcified matter. commonly under the eyelid
86
melanosis
Conjunctiva / Sclera - painless flat brown spot on the eye that might superficially look like a freckle
87
Striae
cornea - folds
88
all keratopathy except keratosis
CORNEA
89
Dendrite
Corneal - pattern of ulcer
90
Dellen
Corneal - are localized areas of thinning, or drying, of the peripheral cornea
91
Krukenberg's spindle
Corneal - pattern formed on the inner surface of the cornea by pigmented iris cells which are deposited as a result of the currents of the aqueous humor
92
Neovascularization
cornea - excessive ingrowth of new blood vessels caused by oxygen deprivation
also peripheral retina finding
93
Descemet's folds
corneal - membrane lying between stroma and cornea
94
Hyphema
anterior chamber - post injury accumulation of blood in anterior chamber
95
Hypopyon
anterior chamber - inflammatory cells in anterior chamber of eye
96
Vitreous strands
Anterior chamber - floaters
97
aniridia
Iris - absence of the iris
98
Coloboma
Iris - hole in a part of the eye
99
Posterior synechiae
iris - attachment of iris to the lens
100
Nuclear sclerosis
Lens - cataract
101
cortical cataract
Lens - cataracts that affect the edge of the lens
102
cortical spokes
Lens - spokes at the edge of the lens that look like the spokes of a wheel
103
Mittendorf dot
Lens - presence of a small dense floating opacity behind the posterior lens capsule
104
Pseudoexfoliation (PEX)
Lens - grey flakes on the lens capsule
105
Snowballs
Vitreous - yellow-white inflammatory aggregates
106
atrophy
Disc - breakdown of disc seen as a color change, usually from lack of oxygen. Can also happen to macula
107
Pallor
Disc - optic disc is abnormally pale
108
Drusen
Disc - abnormal globular collections of protein and calcium salts which accumulate in the optic nerve and macula
109
Papilledema
Disc - optic disc swelling caused by increased intracranial pressure
110
Epiretinal Membrane (ERM)
Macula - cellophane-like membrane that forms over the macula.
111
Choroidal nevus and lesion
Macula and periphery
112
RPE detachment (retinal pigment epithelium)
macula
113
Mottling
macula - some subtle pigmentary change that is not clearly macular degeneration
114
retinoschisis
peripheral - abnormal splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers
