Exam Flashcards Q1
(99 cards)
1
Q
is defined as the scientific investigation of phenomena which includes collection, presentation, analysis and interpretation of facts that lines an individual’s speculation with reality
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RESEARCH
2
Q
solutions to problems must be based on knowledge not on mere beliefs, guesses or theories
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RESEARCH
3
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a system and well-planned procedure is required to meet the need in order that information is acquired and evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness
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RESEARCH
4
Q
it is a process of inquiring
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RESEARCH
5
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defined as “a seeking for truth, information or knowledge.”
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INQUIRY
6
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the information and data pursued through questioning begins with gathering by applying the different human senses
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INQUIRY
7
Q
individuals carry on the process of inquiry from birth till death
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INQUIRY
8
Q
is synonymous with the word investigation
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INQUIRY
9
Q
Purpose of RESEARCH
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- to discover new facts about known phenomena
-to find answers to problems - to improve existing techniques and develop new instruments or products
- to discover previously unrecognized substances or elements
- to discover pathways of action of known substances and elements
- to prove or generate theory
10
Q
it must give correct or accurate data
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ACCURACY
11
Q
it must deal with facts not with mere opinions
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OBJECTIVENESS
12
Q
topic that is fresh, new, and interesting to the present society
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TIMELINESS
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topic that is instrumental in improving society or in solving problems affecting the lives of people in a community
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RELEVANCE
14
Q
expressing a central point or discoveries by using simple, direct, concise, and correct language
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CLARITY
15
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it must take place in an organized or orderly manner
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SYSTEMATIC
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concerned with understanding human behaviour from the informant’s perspective
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QUALITATIVE; Conceptual
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assumes a dynamic and negotiated reality
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QUALITATIVE; Conceptual
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data are collated through participant observation and interviews
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QUALITATIVE; Methodological
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data are analysed by themes from descriptions by informants
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QUALITATIVE; Methodological
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data are reported in the language of the informant
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QUALITATIVE; Methodological
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concerned with discovering facts about social phenomena
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QUANTITATIVE; Conceptual
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assumes a fixed and measurable reality
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QUANTITATIVE; Conceptual
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data are collected through measuring variables
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QUANTITATIVE; Methodological
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data are analyzed through numerical comparisons and statistical inferences
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QUANTITATIVE; Methodological
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data are reported through statistical analysis
QUANTITATIVE; Methodological
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questions asked are specific
QUANTITATIVE
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collects numerical data
QUANTITATIVE
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use statistical tools
QUANTITATIVE
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inquiry is conducted objectively (unbiased)
QUANTITATIVE
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questions asked are broad
QUALITATIVE
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collects worded, text, picture data
QUALITATIVE
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use descriptions/themes
QUALITATIVE
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inquiry is conducted subjectively (biased)
QUALITATIVE
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a form of social inquiry that focuses on the way people interpret and make sense of their experiences and the world in which they live
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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study "things" (people and their thoughts) in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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objective approach to seek precise measurement in numerical form
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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variables are clearly understood & defined in advanced by the researcher
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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subjective approach to seek in-depth description in narrative form
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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researcher may have only rough idea about variables in advance
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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looking for information through asking various questions
INQUIRY
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is an approach to learning that involves a process of exploring the natural or material world
INQUIRY
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leads to asking questions, making discoveries, and testing those discoveries in the search for new understanding
INQUIRY
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is a process of systematic inquiry that entails the collection of data; documentation of critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information
RESEARCH
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in accordance with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines
RESEARCH
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is the process of finding answers to questions
INQUIRY
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easier to carry out than research studies
INQUIRY
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main aim is to solve problems, resolve doubts, or augment knowledge
INQUIRY
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is the systematic and format investigation and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions
RESEARCH
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tend to be more systematic and formal
RESEARCH
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main aim may involve gathering new information or testing a theory
RESEARCH
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is an art of scientific investigation
RESEARCH
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It is regarded as a systematic efforts to gain new knowledge.
RESEARCH
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The dictionary meaning of research is “a
____________ or ______________
through search for new facts in any branch
of knowledge”
careful investigation or enquiry especially
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comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis.
RESEARCH -Clifford Woody
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Nature of Research
It strives to be objective and logical.
It is based on observable experience or
empirical evidence.
It demands accurate observations,
reservations and descriptions.
It is directed towards the solution of the
problem.
It is carefully recorded and reported.
It requires expertise.
It involves gathering new data from
primary or first hand sources or using
existing data for new purpose.
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Types of RESEARCH
Descriptive Research
Historical Research
Empirical Research
Qualitative Research
Conceptual Research
Applied Research
Quantitative Research
Analytical Research
Fundamental Research
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Flow Chart of RESEARCH PROCESS
Define Research Problem
Review of the Literature
Formulate Hypothesis
Design Research
Collection of Data
Analyze the Data
Interpret & Report
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is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts and information to prove the accuracy and truthfulness of your claims or conclusions about the topic of your research. (Litchman, 2013)
RESEARCH
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it must give factual and exact data in which should be correctly and appropriately documented or acknowledged in the footnotes, notes, and bibliographical entries
ACCURACY
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respecting preferences on matters of confidentiality, independence, or freedom
ETHICAL
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deals with ideas, principles, or abstract concepts. This type of research may increase knowledge about a particular subject with its nature of discovery and application
PURE RESEARCH
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this research is conducted with the purpose of answering a question or solving a problem
APPLIED RESEARCH
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defining or giving verbal portrayal or picture of a person, thing, event, a group, or a situation among others
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
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shows relationships or connectedness between two factors, circumstances, or agents called variables that affect the research
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
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"casual research", focuses on the reasons behind the occurrence of something and on the present or future effects of such happening
EXPLANATORY RESEARCH
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"Formulative research" has the purpose of exploring a certain topic, specifically, one that was not given clear explanations or results in previous research studies
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
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clearer understanding of the research problem
EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
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an ongoing practice of the school, an organization, a community, or any institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring about improvements in the system
ACTION RESEARCH
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carried out in different areas of knowledge frequently conducted in the field of education
ACTION RESEARCH
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non-numerical highlights human experience people's thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and lifestyles
QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
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involves measurement; uses percentages, fractions, and numbers
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
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APPROACHES TO RESEARCH
SCIENTIFIC or POSITIVE RESEARCH
NATURALISTIC APPROACH
TRAINGULATION APPROACH
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it serves as a guide in the conduct of the study
THEORETICAL RESEARCH
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it serves as a roadmap that shows how your research fits into what is already known
THEORETICAL RESEARCH
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variable affected by the change
DEPENDENT VARIABLE
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variable that is changed
INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
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presents a systematic way of understanding events, behavior and/or situations
THEORY
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is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that explains or predicts events or situations by specifying relations among variables
THEORY
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is an idea to explain something, or a set of guiding principles
THEORY
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FORMAT of CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Format A
1. Paradigm
2. Explanation
Format B
1. introductory Paragraph
2. Paradigm
3. Explanation
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RESEARCH MODELS
1. INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT (IPO) model
2. IV-DV Model
3. ADDIE Model
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the variables that causes the problem, phenomenon, or transformation
INPUT
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the method by which the variables are collected and synthesized
PROCESS
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the problem, phenomenon, or transformation; the outcome of the variables
OUTPUT
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models of ADDIE MODEL
1. ANALYZE
2. DESIGN
3. DEVELOPMENT
4. IMPLEMENTATION
5. EVALUATION
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a written or visual presentation that explains either graphically, or in narrative form, the main things to be studied
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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PURPOSE OF CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
- Identify relevant variables
- Define variables
- Have an idea of analysis
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is used in the broad sense to refer to an abstraction which summarizes and explains phenomena
THEORY
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are mental images or ideas relating to phenomena or objects that share common properties
CONCEPTS
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created from a variety of conceptual and theoretical perspectives
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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synthesis of relevant concepts
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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Underlining process: INDUCTIvE
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
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adapted from existing theory
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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application of a theory as a whole or in part
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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Underlining process: DEDUCTIVE
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
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STEPS IN DEVELOPING CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1. Identifying the relevant concepts
2. Defining those concepts
3. Operationalising the concepts
4. Identifying any moderating or intervening variables
5. Identifying the relationship between variables
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TIPS ON CHOOSING YOUR RESEARCH TOPIC
1. Timely and relevant
2. Level of Interest
3. Level of Experience
4. Audience
5. Availability of Information
on the topic
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two main steps on choosing a good research topic
Step1: Select a broad topic of interest
Step2: Narrow it down to an effective research topic once you have learned a little more
