Exam I

Question 1

• Pharmacokinetics

Answer 1

the quantitative study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of injected and inhaled drugs and their metabolites. “What the body does to the drug.

Question 2

• Pharmacodynamics

Answer 2

the study of the intrinsic sensitivity or responsiveness of receptors to a drug and the mechanisms by which these effects occur. “What the drug does to the body.”

Question 3

2. Define the term “chiral”

Answer 3

• Chirality is a unique subset of stereochemistry, and the term chiral is used to designate a molecule that has a center(s) of 3-D asymmetry.
• The most applicable and unambiguous convention for designating isomers is the sinister (S) and rectus (R) classification that specifies the absolute configuration in the name of the compound. (S & R are basically right and left). Talks about what chiral looks like not how they refract polarized light.

Question 4

3. What causes a chiral to exist?

Answer 4

• This kind of molecular configuration us almost always a function of the unique, tetrahedral bonding characteristics of the carbon atom.

Question 5

4. What is an enantiomer?

Answer 5

• Enantiomers (substances of opposite shape) are a pair of molecules existing in two forms that are mirror images of one another (right and left hand) but cannot be superimposed.

Question 6

SVR with Inh Anesthetics

Answer 6

D>I>S>H
Halothane has no effect on SVR
N20 no change

Question 7

HR with inh Anesth

Answer 7

D>I>S
N20 increases HR slightly
Halothane decreases HR due to direct myocardial depression
*** DES: rapid increase causes tachy (rule of 24: Vap Press x Fresh gas flow <24 = o problems)

Question 8

Airway irritation Inh Anesth

Answer 8

D>I>N>HS

All block HPV (Hypoxic pulm shunt) >1MAC

Question 9

CBF / ICP inh anesth

Answer 9

ALL VAA cerberal vasodilate!!
H>D-I-S
Do not use N20 for traumatic brain injury due to high increase in ICP & CMR

Question 10

CMR(O2) inh anesth

Answer 10

ALL VAA DECREASE CMR(02)
IDS>H
N2O no change

Question 11

What cases do you NOT use N20?

Answer 11

No open belly 
No pregnancy
No traumatic brain injury 
No Pneumothorax
No Pulm air cysts
No Air embolism

Question 12

Hepatic Blood Flow: VAA

Answer 12

all decrease
H>IDSN
N2O decreases less than volatiles

Question 13

NDNMB

Answer 13

All VAA potentiate
ID>HS>N
N2O does not potentiate/ relax muscles

Question 14

Compound A

Answer 14

Sevoflurane

Question 15

Uterine relaxation VAA

Answer 15

ALL RELAX

Halothane is POTENT uterine relaxant