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Materials and Methods of Building Construction > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

(82 cards)

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1
Q

Buildings account for ____% of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

A

30%

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2
Q

Life Cycle Analysis

A

Accounting of environmental impacts of materials and products throughout their life cycle

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3
Q

Green Building

A

Buildings that are healthy for occupants, protect resources, promote environmental quality

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4
Q

LEED

A

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, certification for buildings based on their sustainability

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5
Q

Deliverables

A

Construction documents

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6
Q

Land use vs. Zoning

A

Land use: Defines broad categories
Zoning: Used for enforcement

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7
Q

Building codes

A

Set of rules providing health and safety

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8
Q

Model Building Code Examples

A

IBC, IRC

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9
Q

IBC Construction Types

A

Define buildings’ resistance to fire

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10
Q

Sprinklers add to the design requirements:

A

of Floors: +1

Area: X4 for 1-story and X3 for more
# of Floors: +1
Height: +20 ft

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11
Q

List Admixtures (3 at least):

A

Air entraining
Water reducing
Cure accelerating
Cure retarding
Coloring
Freeze protecting
Shrinkage reducing

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12
Q

Shrinkage Factor

A

Bank / Compact

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13
Q

Load Factor

A

Loose / Bank

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14
Q

3 core requirements for foundation:

A

Safety
Stability
Feasibility

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15
Q

Fire resistance ratings are given in units of:

A

Hours

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16
Q

Steps to build a slurry wall:

A

Excavate trench
Fill with slurry
Replace slurry with concrete

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17
Q

4 types of providing construction methods:

A

Design / Bid / Build
Design-Builds
CM at risk
Integrated delivery

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18
Q

What is CM at risk?

A

Construction manager at risk, CM provides GMP (guaranteed maximum price)

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19
Q

what is cost plus a fee payment type?

A

Owner pays GC’s cost plus fee

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20
Q

What is fixed (lump sum) fee?

A

Owner agrees to pay an amount that is fixed

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21
Q

Sequential Construction

A

Each phase begins after the preceding is completed

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22
Q

Phased Construction

A

Design and construction phases overlap

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23
Q

Industrialized Construction

A

Construction system using more innovative and integrated techniques

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24
Q

Standardization

A

Extensive use of components, methods or processes in which there is repetition and predictability

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25
BIM
Building Information Modeling, process of creating and managing building data during its lifecycle
26
ERP
Enterprise resource planning, record-keeping that provides data sharing throughout an organization
27
MRP
Materials Requirements planning, Planning production of products. Focuses more on materials management compared to ERP
28
2 classes of earth materials
Rock Soil
29
Definition of Rock
Continuous mass of solid mineral material
30
Definition of Soil
Particulate
31
Particulate Sizes (in order):
Boulder Cobble Gravel Sand Silt Clay
32
Coarse-Grained Soils:
Gravel Sand
33
Fine-Grained Soils:
Clay Silt
34
Properties of Coarse-Grained Soils:
Cohesionless Less strength Affected little by moisture content Free Draining
35
Properties of Fine-Grained Soils:
Less free draining Sensitive to moisture
36
The larger the particle size, _____ the soil
Stronger
37
Definition of Grading:
Adjusting of Ground
38
Definition of Excavation
Removing earth
39
3 Soil Conditions:
Loose Bank Compacted
40
Bank Volume =
Loose Volume x Load Factor
41
Compacted Volume =
Bank Volume x Shrinkage Factor
42
Common Excavation & Backfill Problems:
Unforeseen / Differing site conditions Weather
43
To stabilize a slope in a restricted site, you can use:
Sheeting
44
To stabilize a slope in an unrestricted site, you can use:
Sloping
45
Types of Sheeting:
Soldier Piles Sheet Piling Slurry Wall
46
Definition of Dewatering
Process of removing water for construction
47
Types of Dewatering Systems:
Submersible Pumps Well Points Watertight Barrier Wall
48
If moisture content of a soil increases, soil volume will:
Increase (Expand)
49
If moisture content of a soil decreases, soil volume will:
Decrease (shrink)
50
Two Broad Load Categories:
Dead Live
51
What is a dead load?
Load that is permanent (ex self weight)
52
What is a live load?
Change with time (ex occupants)
53
Two types of settlement
Uniform settlement Differential settlement
54
Foundation Types:
Shallow Deep
55
Types of Shallow foundations:
Spread footing Grade beam foundations Slab on grade
56
Types of Deep foundations:
Piles Caissons Piers
57
The purpose of a pile cap is to:
Share load among multiple piles
58
Definition of underpinning:
Process of strengthening and/or stabilizing the foundation of an existing building
59
Retaining walls
Wall that holds soil back when there's a drastic change in elevation
60
3 types of waterproofing:
Waterproof membranes Drainage Combination of two
61
What psi is normal strength concrete?
Up to 6000psi
62
What strength is high-strength concrete?
6000-20000 psi
63
What are some benefits of high-strength concrete?
Reduced size Higher earlier strength
64
What is slump test?
Measure of workability of wet concrete as it arrives on site
65
Why is concrete consolidated?
Eliminates voids and air pockets
66
More moisture, ________ Compressive strength
Higher
67
What is formwork?
Construction to hold freshly poured concrete in the desired shape
68
Why do we use reinforcement in concrete?
Concrete's tensile strength is usually not sufficient
69
In a simple beam, greatest tension forces occur at:
Bottom middle of beam
70
Why do we reinforce columns?
Avoid buckling or bending
71
Definition of prestressing
Initial force, applied to improve structural capacity
72
Two types of prestressing:
Pretensioning Posttensioning
73
Benefits of pretensioning over posttensioning:
Usually done in a factory, better when elements are small
74
Benefits of posttensioning over pretensioning:
Can be done both in a factory or on site better when elements are heavy
75
Purpose of a surety bond?
Ensures someone that another will follow through on a specific agreement
76
ISO
International Organization for Standardization, promotes development of standards
77
Living Building Certification
Buildings with net positive water, energy, and zero carbon capabilities
78
Environmental Product Declarations
Document Describing the full life cycle of building materials
79
NIST
National Institute of Standard and Technology, Agency of US Department of Commerce, promotes innovation and international competitiveness
80
Differences among sand, silt, and clay?
Sand: can be lifted between fingers Silt: Too small to see with unaided eye Clay: anything smaller than silt
81
Caisson
Water-tight chamber used for underwater construction
82
Crosslot bracing

Materials and Methods of Building Construction (2 decks)

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