exam I

Question 1

two roots of modern animal behavior

Answer 1

ethology + comparative psychology

Question 2

ethology

Answer 2

scientific study of animal behavior

Question 3

comparative psychology 3 psychologists

Answer 3

pavlov, skinner, thorndike

Question 4

comparative psychology questions

Answer 4

how did it develop? how does it work?

Question 5

ethology questions

Answer 5

why did it evolve? why is it valuable?

Question 6

the big three (ethology)

Answer 6

FLT - karl von frisch, konrad lorenz, nikolaas tinbergen

Question 7

karl von frisch contributions

Answer 7

decoded the language of bees, animal language, contemporary of charles henry turner

Question 8

konrad lorenz contributions

Answer 8

observation - discovered imprinting, fixed-action in birds

Question 9

nikolaas tinbergen

Answer 9

experimental - “supranormal” stimuli and intensity of behavior, stickleback courtship and reproductive behavior

Question 10

emergent property

Answer 10

observation and knowledge of lower levels of organization cannot necessarily predict properties at higher levels in biological systems

Question 11

charles henry turner

Answer 11

studied insects and bees and their behavior

Question 12

4 reasons to measure behavior

Answer 12

human benefits (biological basis), linkage with experimental neuroscience, more effective species conservation programs, it’s fun

Question 13

ethologists (qualitative vs quantitative)

Answer 13

quantitively

Question 14

qualitative

Answer 14

interpret subject’s behaviors in context, seek themes based on context, use of examples to support themes

Question 15

quantitative

Answer 15

defines behaviors, counts behaviors, counts summarized and compared

Question 16

5 challenges of measuring behavior

Answer 16

1. change over time
2. not discrete
3. often complex
4. often respond to environmental stimuli
5. highly variable

Question 17

proximate

Answer 17

pertaining to the individual animal

Question 18

ultimate

Answer 18

pertaining to the population or species

Question 19

current

Answer 19

occurs now, time scale is the animal’s lifetime

Question 20

historical

Answer 20

occurs in evolutionary time, time scale is generations

Question 21

proximate + current

Answer 21

how does it work? (causation)

Question 22

proximate + historical

Answer 22

how did it develop? (ontogeny)

Question 23

current + ultimate

Answer 23

what is it for? (survival value/reproduction)

Question 24

historical + ultimate

Answer 24

how did it evolve? (evolution)

Question 25

causation

Answer 25

what stimuli releases the behavior?

Question 26

ontogeny

Answer 26

what development in the animal's life leads to the behavior?

Question 27

survival value

Answer 27

how does the behavior benefit the animal's survival/reproduction?

Question 28

evolution

Answer 28

from what behavior did this one evolve?

Question 29

5 factors worth considering in choosing a species

Answer 29

replacement species, space, adjustment to captivity, rarity + effect on wild populations, paperwork

Question 30

model organism

Answer 30

an organism studied enough that it can be used in replacement of other species and is easy to study

Question 31

ethics vs morals

Answer 31

ethics are moral principles while morals are individual standards influenced by society/culture/family

Question 32

the 3 r's - moral obligations in animal use

Answer 32

replacement, reduction, refinement

Question 33

replace examples

Answer 33

simulations, model organisms

Question 34

reduce examples

Answer 34

power analysis (smallest sample size needed), justified experimental design

Question 35

refine examples

Answer 35

husbandry improvements, experimental methods, anesthesia/analgesia, euthanasia

Question 36

work on _ animals is regulated in the US

Answer 36

vertebrate

Question 37

IACUC

Answer 37

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Question 38

iacuc 3 factors weighed

Answer 38

quality of research, certainty of benefit, degree of animal suffering

Question 39

iacuc non-compliant consequences

Answer 39

shattered institutions, pulling of federal funding, moral standpoint

Question 40

3 major ways behavior can be described

Answer 40

consequence, structure, spatial relation

Question 41

consequence

Answer 41

describe effects of the behavior

Question 42

structure

Answer 42

physical description, body parts

Question 43

spatial relation

Answer 43

another physical description, body in relation to something external

Question 44

ethogram

Answer 44

catalog of all behaviors performed by a species, definitions + descriptions (dictionary)

Question 45

in practice, often a subset

Answer 45

refer to hypothesis

Question 46

behavior (categories) should be

Answer 46

independent yet inclusive

Question 47

4 measurements to study animal behavior

Answer 47

latency, frequency, duration, intensity

Question 48

latency

Answer 48

time until a behavior

Question 49

frequency

Answer 49

count of behavior

Question 50

duration

Answer 50

length of behavior

Question 51

intensity

Answer 51

local rate or amplitude