Exam I Flashcards
(179 cards)
1
Q
How can we differentiate between a primary muscle disease and neuromuscular disease in our patient?
A
2
Q
Patients with generalize muscle disease frequently present with _____.
A
3
Q
In addition to weakness, what are some other common clinical signs associated with generalized muscle disease?
A
4
Q
A generalized muscle disease can be acquired or inherited. What are some general categories of an acquired muscle disease?
A
5
Q
A generalized muscle disease can be acquired or inherited. What are some general categories of an inherited muscle disease?
A
6
Q
List some examples of acquired inflammatory myopathies.
A
7
Q
What is masticatory muscle myositis (MMM)?
A
8
Q
Name the muscles of mastication in the canine.
A
9
Q
What is the clinical presentation of a patient with early masticatory muscle myositis?
A
10
Q
What is the clinical presentation of a patient with late masticatory muscle myositis?
A
11
Q
Your patient presents with clinical signs consistent with masticatory muscle myositis and is painful. What are your differentials?
A
12
Q
Your patient presents with clinical signs consistent with masticatory muscle myositis and is non-painful. What are your differentials?
A
13
Q
How do we diagnose masticatory muscle myositis?
A
14
Q
What are the treatment option for masticatory muscle myositis?
A
15
Q
What is the prognosis for masticatory muscle myositis?
A
16
Q
What is canine idiopathic polymyositis?
A
17
Q
What is the common clinical presentation for a patient with canine idiopathic polymyositis?
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18
Q
How do we diagnose canine idiopathic polymyositis?
A
19
Q
What are the treatment options for canine idiopathic polymyositis?
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20
Q
What is the prognosis for canine idiopathic polymyositis?
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21
Q
What are your top differentials for a feline with cervical ventroflexion?
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22
Q
What is feline idiopathic polymyositis?
A
23
Q
What is the common clinical presentation of a cat with feline idiopathic polymyositis?
A
24
Q
How do we diagnose feline idiopathic polymyositis?
A
25
What are the treatment options for feline idiopathic polymyositis?
26
What is the prognosis for a patient with feline idiopathic polymyositis?
27
What is the clinical presentation for hypokalemic myopathy?
28
How do we diagnose hypokalemic myopathy?
29
What is the treatment for hypokalemic myopathy?
30
What is dermatomyositis?
31
What kind of lesions are associated with dermatomyositis?
32
How do we diagnose dermatomyositis?
33
What is the treatment for dermatomyositis?
34
What is the prognosis for a patient with dermatomyositis?
35
What is fibrotic myopathy?
36
Describe the common clinical presentation for a patient with fibrotic myopathy.
37
Identify the anatomy of the medial thigh.
38
How do we diagnose fibrotic myopathy?
39
What are the treatment options for a patient with fibrotic myopathy?
40
What is the prognosis for a patient with fibrotic myopathy?
41
List the different kinds of endocrine/metabolic acquired myopathies.
42
What clinical signs might be seen in a dog with postpartum hypocalcemia?
43
Give a general overview of what tetanus is, the clinical signs and treatment for it.
44
What is risus sardonicus?
45
List the different inherited myopathies.
46
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to inheritance?
47
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to gender?
48
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to age of onset?
49
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to clinical signs?
50
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to tendon reflexes?
51
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to creatinine kinase levels?
52
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to therapy?
53
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to prognosis?
54
Provide a brief overview of muscular dystrophy in cats.
55
What is extraocular myositis?
56
Animals with a joint disease commonly present with a history of ____ or ____.
Lameness ; gait abnormality
57
Lameness may involve one joint (typically _____ or _____) or multiple joints (_____, _____).
Traumatic, developmental ; degenerative or inflammatory
58
Disorders affecting the joint can either be ____ or ____.
Inflammatory or non-inflammatory
59
Non-inflammatory joint diseases include ____.
60
Inflammatory joint diseases include _____.
61
What are some characteristic signs of inflammatory joint diseases?
62
What are some characteristic signs of non-inflammatory/degenerative joint diseases?
63
What should you be assesses during your physical exam of a patient with a suspect joint disease?
64
During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain of the bones. What are your differentials?
65
During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the muscles. What are your differentials?
66
During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the neck. What are your differentials?
67
During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the spine. What are your differentials?
68
During your physical exam you notice a decreased range of motion, crepitation and joint instability which suggests ______.
69
Where are some locations in the canine that you can assess and easily detect effusion?
70
List the different diagnostic imaging modalities we can use to assess for joint pathology.
71
Describe the use of radiography to assess joint pathology.
72
Identify the anatomy in this radiography (normal).
73
Identify the pathology in these radiographs.
74
Identify the pathology in these radiographs.
75
Identify the pathology in this CT.
76
Describe the use of arthrocentesis and synovial fluid analysis as a diagnostic modalities for joint pathology.
77
What does normal synovial fluid look like? What is its purpose?
78
Identify the pathology based on the joint fluid appereance.
79
What is being exemplified in this image relative to the synovial fluid?
80
What are some cytological characteristics of normal synovial fluid?
81
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in normal synovial fluid cytology.
82
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in degenerative synovial fluid cytology.
83
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a traumatic synovial fluid cytology.
84
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a septic synovial fluid cytology.
85
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a non-erosive immune synovial fluid cytology.
86
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in an erosive arthritis synovial fluid cytology.
87
Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.
88
Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.
89
Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.
90
Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.
91
Identify the cells in this cytology slide.
92
What are some other tests we can use to rule out systemic disease when we have a patient with joint pathology?
93
Briefly differentiate between non-inflammatory and inflammatory joint disease.
94
List some common infectionious joint disease differentials in the canine.
95
List some common infectious joint disease differentials in the canine.
96
List some common infectious joint disease differentials in the feline.
97
What is DJD?
98
____, ____, and ____ are the most commonly identified undervaluing causes of DJD.
99
What clinical signs are associated with DJD?
100
How can we prevent/treat patient with DJD?
101
How does weight management act as prevention and treatment in patients with DJD?
102
Draw out the COX-1 pathway.
103
Draw out the COX-2 pathway.
104
When using NSAIDs for the treatment of OA, we want to spare ____ and target ____.
COX-1 ; COX-2
105
There should be a minimum ____ washout period between NSAIDs.
106
List the different NSAIDs and their ability to target COX-2 over COX-1.
107
What is the mechanism of tepoxalin?
108
What is the mechanism of grapiprant?
109
All NSAIDS have to potential to cause ____.
110
COX-1 sparing NSAIDs are associated with ___ less GIT ulceration in humans and animal studies have yielded similar results.
111
Use should use NSAIDs judiciously in patients with ____.
112
Describe the use of managing OA in cats with NSAIDs.
113
In general, what are the advantages of omega 6 fatty acids in the treatment of OA?
114
Draw out the omega-6 pathway.
115
Draw out the omega-3 pathway.
116
List the different oral formulations that can be used as disease modifying OA agents.
117
List the different injectable formulations that can be used as disease modifying OA agents.
118
List the different opioids that can be used in the treatment of OA.
119
List and describe the different novel adjunctives that can be used in the treatment of OA.
120
Describe joint injections as a therapeutic agent for the OA.
121
Describe synovetin as a therapeutic agent for the OA.
122
Describe anti-NGF monoclonal antibodies as a therapeutic agent for the OA.
123
What are the different routes of infection for septic arthritis?
124
What is the most common agent(s) for septic arthritis in the canine?
125
What is the most common agent(s) for septic arthritis in the feline?
126
Describe the prevalence of septic arthritis in dogs vs. cats and males vs. females.
127
Describe the prevalence of septic arthritis in dogs vs. cats and males vs. females.
128
How do we diagnose septic arthritis?
129
What is the treatment for septic arthritis?
130
What etiologic agent is the causative agent of tick borne poly arthritis?
131
What are the clinical signs of tick borne polyarthritis?
132
How do we diagnose tick borne polyarthritis or Lyme?
133
What is the treatment for tick borne polyarthritis (Lyme)?
134
What is the treatment for tick borne polyarthritis (Lyme)?
135
Describe the use of an ELISA test to confirm tuck borne polyarthritis or Lyme.
136
What are the different treatment options for tick borne polyarthritis or Lyme?
137
What are the different etiological agents responsible for rickettsial polyarthropathy?
138
What are the most significant clinical signs associated with rickettsial polyarthropathy?
139
How do we diagnose rickettsial polyarthropathy?
140
How do we treat rickettsial polyarthropathy?
141
The most common non-inflammatory joint disease of dogs and cats is ____.
OA
142
What is the most common inflammatory joint disease of cats?
143
What is the most common inflammatory joint disease of dogs?
144
Describe feline polyarthropathy.
145
What is reactive polyarthropathy? List the causes.
146
Idiopathic immune-mediate no erosive polyarthritis is diagnosed only by ruling out other causes of polyarthritis and its the most common form of poly arthritis in the ____.
Dog
147
What are the clinical signs associated with idiopathic immune-mediate nonerosive polyarthritis?
148
How do we diagnose IMPA?
149
How do we treat IMPA?
150
____ is the most commonly poly arthritis in the dog.
151
List the most common developmental orthopedic diseases in the dog.
152
What is canine hip dysplasia?
153
What is the pathophysiology of CHD?
154
How can we tell that this radiograph is normal?
155
How can we tell that this radiograph is abnormal?
156
How can we diagnose early hip dysplasia? Which is the gold standard?
157
158
Describe the medical management of CHD.
159
How can we prevent CHD?
160
List the different diseases that encompass elbow dysplasia.
161
What is the etiology and clinical signs associated with elbow dysplasia?
162
Describe the pathophysiology of OC/OCD.
163
Describe the pathophysiology of MCD (FCP).
164
Describe the pathophysiology of UAP.
165
Identify the anatomy.
166
Describe the medical management of elbow dysplasia.
167
How can we prevent elbow dysplasia?
168
What is medial patellar luxation (MPL)?
169
Describe the pathophysiology of MPL.
170
List some of the common skeletal abnormalities associated with MPL.
171
How do we surgically correctly MPLs?
172
Describe the medical management of MPL.
173
How can we prevent MPLs?
174
What is osteochondrosis dessicans (OCD)?
175
Describe shoulder OCD.
176
What is panosteitis? What are the common predispositions?
177
Describe the pathophysiology of panosteitis. What lesions are associated with this disease?
178
Interpret the radiograph.
179
Describe the medical management of panosteitis.
