Exam I Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
Hinduism: Ultimate Reality
A
Brahman is supreme. It manifests itself as the world in all forms, all things are inherently divine for monistic Hindus. Humans are unable to apprehend this because of attachment, delusion, and identification with ego-self. For dualistic/devotional Hindus, it is embodied in a deity such as Vishnu or Shiva
2
Q
Hinduism: How Should We live?
A
moving self toward liberation from samsara. Done through the three paths to moksha (margas/yogas): karma, jnana (knowledge), and bhakti (devotion). All the while, live within one’s dharma
3
Q
Hinduism: Ultimate purpose
A
Moksha: infinite awareness and eternal bliss
4
Q
arati
A
Worship with light, involving waving a lamp in front of a deity
5
Q
bhakti marga
A
the path of devotion
6
Q
dalit
A
untouchables
7
Q
darshan
A
seeing and being scene by a deity
8
Q
hindutva
A
modern term that encompasses hindu nationalism
9
Q
jati
A
one of the thousands of subcastes
10
Q
jnana marga
A
path of knowledge
11
Q
karma marga
A
path of ethical and ritual works
12
Q
kshatriya
A
warrior/administrator class
13
Q
mantra
A
ritual to produce spiritual effect
14
Q
maya
A
magical power gods used to create world in Vedas. In Vedanta, an illusion of the mind that brahman and atman are differnt
15
Q
Purana
A
myths, sectarian emphasis
16
Q
sannyasi
A
renouncer, 4 th sage of life
17
Q
shaiva
A
devotee of Shiva
18
Q
Shakta
A
devotee of Devi
19
Q
shruti
A
“that which is heard”, vedic literature
20
Q
shudra
A
servant class
21
Q
Upanishad
A
philosophical text from later Vedic Period
600-300 BCE
22
Q
Vaishnava
A
devotee of vishnu and his avatars
23
Q
vaishya
A
producer caste
24
Q
varna
A
class/caste system 4 main ones brahmin (priests/scholars) Kshyatriya (warriors, kings/queens) Vaishya (merchants, peasants) Shudra (servants
25
Vedic World
1500-500 BCE
| brought vedas and upanishads
26
Vedanta
Synonym for Upanishads
27
Yoga
uniting of self with god, alternative to marga
28
Hinduism History
```
no sole founder
very mutable
Indus River
developmental peak between 2300 and 2000 BCE
Oldest religon
```
29
4 Stages of Life
Student
Householder
Forest-dwelling Hermit
Renouncer
30
Laws of Manu/dharma debts
caste system is established
debts
to ancient seers
to gods
to ancestors
31
Ramayana
Rama and Sita, the ideal wife
| story of dharma
32
Mahabharata
Epic poem, Dharma
| contains bhagavad ghita
33
Bhagavad Gita:
Pursuit of Moksha
convesration between Arjuna and Krishna
reveals jhana (knowledge), Bhakti, and yoga
34
Divine Hierarchy
Pan-Hindu: cosmic power
Regional
Local deities
personal deities
35
goddesses
earthly, villages, localized
36
Trimurti
Brahma: creator, cursed for lying
Vishnu: preserver, in civilisation, erotic
Devi: Great goddess
37
Shakti
Power from wives, essential
38
Rta
cosmic order
39
Vedic to Vedantic Period
Upanishads: discuses karma, samsara, atman and brahman, atman and brahman are one in the same
40
Age of Guptas
remarkable creativity, worship in temples, devotional hinduism
41
Bhakti Movement
Emphases on body, emotions, and embodied form of gods, passionate love for god, engagement with others
art, sectarian development, denounced caste system
42
Tantra
possibility of sudden release from samsara, interconnectedness of all things, yoga and rituals
43
Buddhism: Ultimate Reality
dharma (nature and it's laws), impermanence, no identity
| no creator
44
Buddhism: How should we live in this world?
Noble Eightfold path, correct view of reality
45
Buddhism: Ultimate purpose
break free from samsara and achieve nirvana
46
arhat
Theravada; one who has attained enlightenment
47
bodhichitta
Mahayana; wise and compassionate intention to attain Buddhahood for all sentient beings
48
bodhisattva
One on the verge of enlightenment, remains in samsara to work for enlightenment of other beings
49
Chan/Zen
meditation school
50
Dharma
Buddhist teaching and religion
51
dukkha
suffering from desire
52
Four Noble Truths
Suffering is inherent in life, suffering is caused by desire, there can be an end to desire, the way to end desire is through the noble eightfold path
53
Mahayana
everyone, not just monks can attain nirvana
Great vehicle; most prominent form
2 schools: pureland and zen
54
mandala
circular diagram representing entire universe
55
Tripitaka/Pali Canon
first cannon of Buddhist texts, collection of sutras
56
parinirvana
full entry into nirvana that occurs at the death of one who achieved nirvana in their lifetime
57
skandhas
5 components that give rise to sense of self
58
stupa
mound in which relics of buddha or buddhist saint are buried and venerated
59
Theravada
```
teachings of buddha
pursuit of nirvana through diligence
sangha
arhats
pali canon/tripitaka
```
Most prominent form in Sri lanka, cambodia, laos, and vietnam
60
3 marks of existence
impermanence, suffering, and nonexistence of self
61
upaya
expedient means, practice that encourages imaginatively applying wisdom to whatever circumstances to assist insight or ease suffering, possible lying
62
Vajrayana
form of mahayana; prominent in Tibet and Nepal
lamas, yogas
faster enlightenent
63
4 sights
old man
sick man
corpse
ascetic man
64
Eightfold path
emphasis on wisdom, ethical conduct, and meditation
65
6 realms of rebirth
```
gods
demigods
humans
animals
hungry ghosts
hell beings
```
66
Buddha under the tree
defeats mara (death & desire)
3 pieces of knowledge: karmalogical (former lifetimes), cosmological (cycle of rebirth), dharmalogical (dependent origination)
67
Buddhacarita
"acts of buddha"
68
Buddhism History
King asuka of mauryan dynasty converted and used it as an unifying idealogy in India
Mahayana Buddhism arose in N-India/asia
69
koans
riddles, intuitive
70
Confucianism: ultimate reality
Tian (procreator of universe), communicates with perceptive human beings
no almighty creator/demonic counterpart
emphasis on balance, coexistence, and harmony
71
Confucianism: how should we live?
humans are a product of the interation between yin and yang
corporeal aspect/yang (hun)
incorporal aspect/yin (po)
live within tian's morals
do onto others...
filial piety
72
Confucianism: ultimate purpose
way of the Tian, improve human condition and perfect it
73
shen
benevolent ghosts
74
gui
malevolent ghosts
75
shangdi
ancestor deity
76
Confucianism History
Warring states period (480-221 BCE), needed order
77
de (confucianism)
virtue
78
tianming
mandate of heavan, noble man stands in awe of decree of heaven, of great men, and words of sages
79
Dao (confucianism)
The way, technique, skill/method
80
Confucianism's effects
on education
chinese government
philosophy
spread to east asia
81
5 classics
5 canonical works of confucianism designated by the han dynasty
82
li
etiquette and proper manners, ritual, propriety
83
Yi
righteousness, fairness, putting life of someone else before yours
84
qi
breath, force, power, energy
85
ren
human heartedness benevolence
86
shi
men of service, military officials in zhou period
87
Ultimate Reality: Daoism
Dao "mother of universe"
human and divine forms
no almighty creator/demonic counterpart
emphasis on balance, coexistence, and harmony
88
How should we live in this world: Daoism
humans are a product of the interation between yin and yang
corporeal aspect/yang (hun)
incorporal aspect/yin (po)
live healthily, human body is a part of the cosmosm and one should take care internally and exterally through alchemy
filial piety
89
Ultimate Purpose: Daoism
engage in exercises and rituals designed to replinish body and spirit, making it as immortal as the Dao
90
waidan
daoist external alchemy for immortaility
91
wuwei
daoist notion of action without intention
92
wuxing
5 elemental phases of wood metal, water, fire and soil that mutually support and overcome one another
93
xian
daoist imymortals and perfected individuals
94
xiao
filial piet
95
yang
south facing side of mountain, bright warm, dry, and masculine
96
yangsheng
daoist techniques for nourishing life and attaining immortality
97
yin
north side of mountain, cold wet, dark and femine, preferred by daoism
98
zhai
Daoist fasts to seek redemption of transgressions by gods
99
ziran
Daoist notion of natural spontaneity
100
zuowang
sitting and forgetting in the zhuangzi
101
Confucianism and Daoism History
Shang Dynasty
Daoism: laozi and Zhuangzi
102
Confucian Analects
must allow fate
governed by personal power and virtue not government
maintain confidence of people vs life
103
Daoist texts
don't glorify talented,
| reject sageness, knowledge, and selfishness
