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Movement Science II > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three main stages of motor learning?

A

(1) cognitive
(2) associative
(3) autonomous

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2
Q

what is the purpose of the cognitive stage?

A

develop an overall understanding of the task

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3
Q

which stage is movement primarily guided by vision?

A

cognitive stage

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4
Q

what are the training strategies for the cognitive stage of motor learning?

A

(1) LOTS of extrinsic feedback
(2) verbal instruction
(3) manual guidance
(4) demonstrations
(5) mental practice

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5
Q

what is the purpose of the associative stage?

A

refining the strategy for the task; improving coordination and efficiency

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6
Q

during what stage of motor learning are proprioceptive cues more important than visual cues?

A

associative stage

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7
Q

during which stage of motor learning does the patient develop a reference of correctness?

A

cognitive stage

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8
Q

what are the training strategies for the associative stage of motor learning?

A

(1) video self assessment
(2) less verbal cues
(3) allow for performer to refine movement

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9
Q

what is the purpose of the autonomous stage?

A

movement is refined

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10
Q

what stage of motor learning is the patient able to perform the task in a variety of environments and able to do secondary tasks?

A

autonomous

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11
Q

what are the training strategies for the associative stage of motor learning?

A

(1) primarily intrinsic feedback

(2) treatment is enhanced by a variety of environmental situations

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12
Q

what is concurrent feedback?

A

extrinsic feedback given during the task

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13
Q

what is terminal feedback?

A

extrinsic feedback given at the end of a task

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14
Q

what is knowledge of performance?

A

related to the nature or quality of the movement pattern

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15
Q

what is knowledge of results?

A

terminal feedback about the end result or outcome of the movement

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16
Q

when is constant feedback given?

A

after every trial

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17
Q

when is delayed feedback given?

A

after a brief time delay

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18
Q

when is summary feedback given?

A

after a set number of trials

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19
Q

how is faded feedback given?

A

less frequently with ongoing practice (feedback is faded)

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20
Q

how is bandwidth feedback given?

A

given only if performance falls outside of a predetermined error range

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21
Q

how does FREQUENT extrinsic feedback affect motor performance and motor learning?

A

(1) IMPROVES motor performance

(2) SLOWS motor learning

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22
Q

how does INFREQUENT extrinsic feedback affect motor performance and motor learning?

A

(1) SLOWS motor performance

(2) IMPROVES motor learning

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23
Q

during which stage of learning is extrinsic feedback used more frequently? which stages is it used less?

A

(1) More: cognitive (helps develop reference of correctness

(2) Less: associative and autonomous

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24
Q

what is massed practice?

A

practice time is GREATER than rest time

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25
Q

what is distributed practice?

A

practice time is LESS than or equal to rest time

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26
Q

what is constant practice? is it better for motor performance or motor learning?

A

(1) practice the same way

(2) promotes motor performance

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27
Q

what is variable practice? is it better for motor performance or motor learning?

A

(1) practice with variations of the task

(2) promotes motor learning

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28
Q

what is blocked practice? is it better for motor performance or motor learning?

A

(1) one task practiced repeatedly

(2) promotes motor performance

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29
Q

what is random practice? is it better for motor performance or motor learning?

A

(1) variety of tasks performed in random order

(2) promotes motor learning

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30
Q

what are the three components of motor function?

A

(1) task
(2) individual
(3) environment

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31
Q

what are four different types of tasks?

A

(1) transitional mobility
(2) stability
(3) dynamic postural control
(4) skill

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32
Q

what is a discrete task?

A

has a definite beginning and end (ex. sit to stand)

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33
Q

what is a continuous task?

A

no definite beginning or end (ex. walking or riding a bike)

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34
Q

what is a serial task?

A

series of discrete tasks strung together (ex. getting dressed)

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35
Q

what is the difference between open and closed tasks?

A

open tasks are variable changing environment; closed tasks

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36
Q

what are two types of mobility dysfunction?

A

(1) tissue extensibility (extraarticular)

2) joint mobility (intrarticular

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37
Q

what are two types of stability dysfunction?

A

(1) isolated (isolated weakness, joint laxity, etc.)

2) complex (multiple systems, motor control

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38
Q

what is the purpose of screening?

A

to check risk and protect somebody from something unpleasant or dangerous

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39
Q

what is the purpose of testing?

A

to gauge ability; series of questions, problems and tasks (measurement with no interpretation needed)

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40
Q

what is the purpose of assessment?

A

to estimate inability; calculate a value based on various factors

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41
Q

what are the 7 components of the FMS?

A

(1) deep squat
(2) hurdle step
(3) in-line lunge
(4) shoulder mobility
(5) active SLR
(6) trunk stability push-up
(7) rotary stability

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42
Q

what are the scores for the FMS?

A

0 - pain
1 - can’t perform (no pain)
2 - performs with compensations
3 - performs correctly

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43
Q

is the FMS a diagnostic tool?

A

NO; it’s a screening tool but NOT diagnostic

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44
Q

how is the SFMA scored?

A

(1) Functional Non-painful
(2) Functional Painful
(3) Dysfunctional Painful
(4) Dysfunctional Non-painful

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45
Q

when creating a functional performance test, what should be included?

A

(1) match the sport or occupation
(2) objective
(3) reliable
(4) sensitive to change
(ex. having an athlete perform a S/L leg press)

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46
Q

what should be addressed first when a patient presents with impairments, mobility or stability?

A

generally speaking, mobility is worked on before stability (getting full ROM takes priority)

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47
Q

what is a Functional Capacity Assessment?

A

assessment examine if the patient can do their job and the demands the job imposes on the patient

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48
Q

what is the difference between an assessment and an evaluation?

A

an assessment is collecting objective data and an evaluation is using your clinical decision making to determine what the objective data means

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49
Q

why were FCE’s created?

A

introduced by workers’ comp to help objectively measure a patient’s level if function within the individual’s work environment

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50
Q

what are a few ways physical therapists can get into preventative medicine within the workplace?

A

(1) pre-employment screenings
(2) job analysis
(3) education on body mechanics and prevention of overuse syndromes

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51
Q

in a workman’s comp situation, who is the most affected person? who the 2nd most affected person?

A

(1) 1st: the employee who’s out of work

(2) 2nd: the employer who has to pay an employee not to work

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52
Q

What grip should be used for PNF techniques?

A

-Lumbrical

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53
Q

What are preporatory verbal cues?

A

-ques to get ready for the movement, use in the cognitive stage

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54
Q

what is a safe functional maximum?

A

(1) maximum effort performed safely

2) not dictated by pain (the activity can be safe and be uncomfortable

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55
Q

What are corrective cues?

A

-used to modify or improve the movement

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56
Q

what are potential outcomes of an FCA?

A

(1) return to work
(2) go to work hardening
(3) disability
(4) job modification

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57
Q

what should be performed prior to an FCA/E?

A

a normal PT evaluation so you know the physical limitations

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58
Q

what is the difference between malingering and symptom magnification?

A

(1) malingering: psychological diagnosis (describes motivation)
(2) symptom magnification: describes objective inconsistency of the test (describes behavior)

PTs use symptom magnification NOT malingering

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59
Q

What is approximation used for?

A

-to facilitate a muscle response or extensor pattern and during stabilizing activities

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60
Q

What is traction used for?

A

-To facilitate smooth motion, muscle elongation or resist some part of the motion

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61
Q

What is irradiation?

A

-the spread of a response to a stimuli

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62
Q

Irradiation response will increase as what increase?

A

-Duration or intensity of the stimulus

63
Q

What is a quick stretches used to facilitate?

A

-a muscle contraction and contraction of synergistic muscles

64
Q

What is the only time you should utilize a quick stretch technique?

A

-When you are trying to facilitate a dynamic muscle activity

65
Q

What is a contraindication of a quick stretch?

A

-injury or instability

66
Q

What is rythmic initiation?

A
  • Rythmic motion of the limb/body through a desired range, starting with PROM and working up to resistend
67
Q

What is rythmic initiation used for? (5)

A

-Initiating movement, learning movement, changing the direction of movement, relaxation and Coordination/control

68
Q

What is dynamic reversals?

A

-changing from agonist to antagonist contraction without pause or relaxation

69
Q

What are Dynamic reversals used for? (5)

A

-Changing direction of movement, strength, endurance, coordination and ROM

70
Q

What are stabilizing reversals?

A
  • alternating isometric contraction with stabilizing hold onto agonist, THEN antagonist opposed by enough resistance to prevent movement
  • INTENTION TO MOVE
71
Q

What does stabilizing reversals help improve? (5)

A

-Stability, Strength, Coordination, EnDurance and ROM

72
Q

What is Rhythmic Stabilization?

A
  • Alternating Isometric contraction of agonist patterns against resistance focusing on cocontraction?
  • NO INTENTION TO MOVE
73
Q

What does Rhythmic Stabilization help with?

A

-Everything expect motion (learning, ititiating, starting)

74
Q

What is repeated Quick Stretch?

A

-Stretch Reflex elicited from a muscle under tension of contraction

75
Q

What can repeated quick stretch help?

A

-Everything except pain, relaxation and stability

76
Q

What is combination of isotonics?

A

-use of concentrics, isometrics and eccentrics

77
Q

What is combination of isotonics used for?

A

-Learning a motion, strength, stability, coordination

78
Q

Hold Relax improves what?

A

-ROM, pain and relaxation

79
Q

What does timing for emphasis improve?

A

-strength and coordination

80
Q

Contract relax improves what?

A

-ROM

81
Q

Hold Relax improves what?

A

-ROM, pain and relaxation

82
Q

why were FCE’s created?

A

introduced by workers’ comp to help objectively measure a patient’s level if function within the individual’s work environment

83
Q

what are a couple ways physical therapists can get into preventative medicine within the workplace?

A

(1) pre-employment screenings
(2) job analysis
(3) education on body mechanics and prevention of overuse syndromes

84
Q

in a workman’s comp situation, who is the most affected person? who the 2nd most affected person?

A

(1) 1st: the employee who’s out of work

(2) 2nd: the employer who has to pay an employee not to work

85
Q

what is the purpose of an FCE? (3)

A 
(1) determine the presence/degree of
disability
(2) improve job role performance by
identification of functional decrements
(3) improve the likelihood of safe return to
job/task performance
86
Q

does an FCA look primarily at abilities or disabilities?

A

abilities; looking at what the person CAN do functionally

87
Q

what is a safe functional maximum?

A

(1) maximum effort performed safely

2) not dictated by pain (the activity can be safe and be uncomfortable

88
Q

what are reasons to stop an FCA?

A

physiological reasons that can’t be faked (such as angina, SOB, skin color, HR, etc.)

89
Q

what are potential outcomes of an FCA?

A

(1) return to work
(2) go to work hardening
(3) disability
(4) job modification

90
Q

what should be performed prior to an FCA/E?

A

a normal PT evaluation so you know the physical limitations

91
Q

what is the difference between malingering and symptom magnification?

A

(1) malingering: psychological diagnosis (describes motivation)
(2) symptom magnification: describes objective inconsistency of the test (describes behavior)

PTs use symptom magnification NOT malingering

92
Q

When doing Anterior-Elevation/Posterior-Depression of the scapula, and deviation is noted, what should you do?

A

-Elevated the scapula, use lateral border to downward rotate and retract it back to neutral

93
Q

When doing Posterior-Elevation/Anterior-Depression of the scapula, and deviation is noted, what should you do?

A

-Move shoulder into posterior elevation and compress and upwardly rotate it

94
Q

What does Anterior Elevation help with?

A

-Reaching, Rolling Forward, Terminal Stance of gait (opposite leg at terminal swing)

95
Q

What muscle are involved in anterior elevation?

A

-Levator, Rhomboids, Serratus

96
Q

What does posterior depression help with?

A

-trunk extension, rolling backward, using crutches, pushing up with a straight trunk

97
Q

What muscle are involved with posterior depression?

A

-lats rhomboids serratus

98
Q

What does posterior elevation help with?

A

-moving backward, reaching back before throwing, donning a shirt

99
Q

What muscles are involve in posterior elevation?

A

-Traps, Levator

100
Q

What does anterior depression help with?

A

-Reaching down, or forward, rolling forward or the end phase of throwing a ball

101
Q

What muscle are involved in anterior depression of the scauple?

A

-Rhomboids, pec major and minor, serratus

102
Q

What does anterior elevation of the pelvis help with?

A

-rolling forward and swing phases of gait

103
Q

What muscle are involved with anterior elevation of the pelvis?

A

-internal/external obliques (ipsilateral)

104
Q

What does posterior depression of the pelvis help with?

A

-terminal stance, jumping, walking stairs, making high steps

105
Q

What muscles are involved with posterior depression of the pelvis?

A

-contralateral internal/external obliques

106
Q

What does posterior elevation of the pelvis help with?

A

-walking backward, preparing to kick a ball

107
Q

What muscle are involved with posterior elevation of the pelvis?

A

-QL, lats, iliocostalis, longissimus

108
Q

What does anterior elevation of the pelvis help with?

A

-going down stair, initial contact, loading response

109
Q

What muscle are involve in anterior depression of the pelvis?

A

-contralateral QL, illiocostalis, longissimus

110
Q

Scapular anterior elevation with pelvic posterior depression cuases what?

A

-Trunk elongation, with rotation (symmetrical reciprocal)

111
Q

Scapular posterior depression, and pelvic anterior elevation caused what?

A

-Trunk shortening, with rotation (symetrical reciprocal)

112
Q

Scapular Anterior Depression and Pelvic anterior Elevation causes what?

A

-Massed Flexion (Asymmetrical)

113
Q

Scapular Posterior depression and pelvic posterior elevation causes what?

A

-Massed extension (Asymmetrical)

114
Q

LE D2 Extension helps with what movements?

A

-Supine to side lying

115
Q

What functional Activities does UE D1 Extension help with?

A

-sit to stand, scooting forward, sit to side lying

116
Q

What Functional activities does UE D2 flexion help with?

A

-reaching a seat belt, reching in general

117
Q

What functional Activities does UE D2 extension help with?

A

-putting on a seat belt, tucking in a shirt

118
Q

What type of pattern would D1 flexion with D2 flexion be?

A

-Bilateral Asymmetrical (both flexed, opposite pattern)

119
Q

What type of pattern would D1 flexion with D1 extension be?

A

-Bilateral Symmetrical Reciprocal (same pattern, opposite movement)

120
Q

What type of pattern would D1 Flexion and D2 extension be?

A

-Bilateral Symmetrical Reciprocal

121
Q

Chops and Lifts are considered to be what type of pattern?

A

-Bilateral Asymmetrical

122
Q

Whats help with what activities?

A

-Supine to side lying/prone, supine to sit

123
Q

Lifts help wit what activities?

A

-Side lying to supine

124
Q

LE D1 Flexion helps with what activies?

A

-Swing phase of gait, ascending stairs

125
Q

LE D1 Extension helps with what?

A

-Stance phase of gait, descending stairs

126
Q

LE D2 Flexion helps with what movements?

A

-Stepping into a shower, Sitting to side lying

127
Q

LE D2 Extension helps with what movements?

A

-Supine to side lying

128
Q

What is balance?

A

-The ability to maintain the CENTER OF GRAVITY within the BASE OF SUPPORT

129
Q

What must you be able to to do maintain balance?

A

-detect bodies position and movements, relay info back to CNS, and select the appropriate response

130
Q

What three systems play into balance?

A

-Vestibular, Visual, Somatosensory

131
Q

What sense is most relied on in healthy adults?

A

-Somatosensory

132
Q

What system measure perception of the orientation of the head/eye with the environement?

A

-Visual

133
Q

What system registers orientation and movement of the head?

A

-Vestibular

134
Q

What system relied on feedback from mechanoreceptor and sense the position and movement of the body?

A

-somatosenory

135
Q

What is the ability to maintain a point of visual fixation during head movement?

A

-vestibulo-ocular reflex

136
Q

What controls the center of gravity?

A

-postural muscles

137
Q

What factors can effect balance?

A

-posture, diease, drugs, deconditioned state, disuse, injury, fatigue

138
Q

Posture can effect what 3 things?

A

-balance, strength and coordination

139
Q

What is crucial to balance?

A

-Postural Equilibrium

140
Q

How does fatigue affect balance?

A

-it worsens or impairs proprioceptions and nueromuscular control

141
Q

What are the 3 position of the rhomburg?

A

-Feet together, eyes closed, hands at side

142
Q

What are the positions of the balance error scoring system?

A
  • feet together, SLS non dominnat, tandem non dominant forward
  • firm and foam surface
143
Q

What type of exercise should you used to train balance?

A

-CKC

144
Q

How do CKC exercises help improve balance?

A

-stimulate mechanoreceptors and encourages functional cocontractions

145
Q

What is the center of performance and function?

A

-proprioception

146
Q

posture requires input from what 3 systems?

A

-visual, vestibular, somatosensory

147
Q

How can you stimulate mechanoreceptors?

A

-WB, Ocillations, and isometrics

148
Q

What is static balance?

A

-COG over fixed BOS

149
Q

What is semidynamic balance?

A
  • COG over fixed BOS on an unstable surface

- Transfers of COG over fixed BOX on stabel surface

150
Q

What is dynamic balance?

A

-COG over moving BOS

151
Q

What type of exercises should you start with when beginning to train balance?

A

-Static, sitting, eyes open, stable surfaces

152
Q

True or false, you need full WB to train balance?

A

-False

153
Q

Closing your eye does what?

A

-enhances somatosensory control of balance

Movement Science II (2 decks)

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