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Dental Anatomy > Exam I Review > Flashcards

Exam I Review Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

Proximal Surfaces ?

A

Surfaces of the teeth facing toward the adjoining or adjacent teeth in the SAME arch

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2
Q

Axial Surfaces?

A

Surfaces of teeth that are PARALLEL to the ling axis of the tooth (Mesial, Distal, Facial, Lingual)

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3
Q

Oblique Ridge- Special Case:

what is it classified as?

A

A “Special Kind” of transverse ridge in that there is a union of the triangular ridge of the DISTOFACIAL cusp & the DISTAL CUSP RIDGE of the mesiolingual cusp

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4
Q

What is a Sulcus?

A
  • Depression of valley or space on surface of tooth BETWEEN 2 RIDGES and/or cusps which the inclines meet at an angle.
  • A sulcus is a depression or a space NOT groove
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5
Q

First Evidence of Calcification Schedule of Primary Teeth ?

Maxillary & Mandibular i1, i2, C, m1, m2?

A 
MAXILLARY:
i1= 14 weeks
i2= 16 weeks
C= 17 weeks
m1= 15
m2= 19 *******LAST to BEGIN CALCIFICATION 
MANDIBULAR: 
i1= 14 weeks
i2= 16 weeks
C= 17 weeks
m1= 15.5 *
m2= 18

Note: 1st evidence has occurred by 20 wks

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6
Q

Exfoliation Schedule of Primary Teeth ?

Maxillary & Mandibular i1, i2, C, m1, m2?

A 
MAXILLARY:
i1= 6.5 yrs 
i2= 7.5 yrs 
C= 11 yrs 
m1= 10 yrs 
m2= 11 yrs 
MANDIBULAR:
i1= 6.5 yrs 
i2= 7.5 yrs 
C= 10.5 yrs 
m1= 10 yrs 
m2= 11 yrs

Note: The LAST primary tooth to exfoliate = PRIMARY MAXILLARY 2nd MOLAR (replaced by permanent maxillary 2nd premolar)

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7
Q

Eruption & Emergence of Permanent Teeth:

-Maxillary & Mandibular?

A

MAXILLARY:
1st MOLAR: 6 years

MANDIBULAR:
1st MOLAR: 6 years

Note: First permanent teeth to erupt

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8
Q

Root Completion Chronology of Permanent Teeth:

-Maxillary & Mandibular?

A

MAXILLARY:
1st MOLAR: 9 years

***Note: 1st permanent roots to completely form
MANDIBULAR:
-Central: 9 years
-1st MOLAR: 9 years
Note: ALL permanent incisor tooth have formed by 11 yrs old

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9
Q

What is The Tuberculum Intermedium?

A
  • Present on PERMANENT MANDIBULAR MOLARS
  • OVERDEVELOPMENT of either the DISTAL CUSP RIDGE of the “mesiolingual cusp” or the MESIAL CUSP RIDGE of the “distolingual cusp”
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10
Q

Describe the Plane of Occlusion?

A
  • Ideal plane is NOT FLAT
  • Flat plane ALLOWS for TOO many contacts on MOST POSTERIOR TEETH on BOTH sides of the mouth
  • Proper plane of occlusion will permit simultaneous functional contacts to occur in controlled areas of the dental arch
  • A curved plane PERMITS MAXIMUM USE of tooth CONTACTS during FUNCTION
  • Teeth are strategically positioned in the arches at varied & coordinated DEGREES of INCLINATION (see individual angulation of teeth as they deviate from the vertical)
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11
Q
  • **Proximal Contact Areas: Facial Perspective of Mandibular Anterior Teeth
  • What is the location of for midline, distal central, mesial of lateral, distal of lateral, mesial of canine, and distal of canine?
A
  • Midline: Incisal third (MOST incisal here)
  • Distal of Central: Incisal third
  • Mesial of Lateral: Incisal third
  • Distal of Lateral: Incisal third
  • Mesial of Canine: Incisal third
  • Distal of Canine: Middle third
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12
Q

Height of Contour- Mandibular Arch (Greatest Bulge)

A

*ALL FACIAL SURFACES= 0.5 mm in Cervical Third

*Mandibular ANTERIOR teeth LINGUAL SURFACE amount of contour & location= 0.5mm located in CERVICAL THIRD
*Mandibular 1st PREMOLAR teeth lingual surface amount of contour & location= 0.5mm MIDDLE THIRD
Mandibular 2nd PREMOLAR teeth lingual surface amount of contour & location= 0.75mm MIDDLE THIRD
Mandibular MOLAR teeth lingual surface amount of contour & location= 1mm located in MIDDLE THIRD

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13
Q

Location of Periodontal Fibers:

Names:

A
  • Oblique: RESIST FORCEFUL impaction of a tooth into the alveolus, consisted w/ trauma
  • Transeptal fibers: Help maintain CONTIGUOUS PROXIMAL CONTACT
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14
Q

What are Embrasures?

A

**Embrasure Space can exist, EVEN in situations when there is a DIASTEMA between proximal contact (i.e it is not necessary for the adjoining teeth to physically touch each other in order for the embrasures to be exhibited

**In an IDEAL embrasure construct, EVERY CONTACT area produces *4 embrasures that are continuous & contiguous(LINED UP) w/ each other

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15
Q

Embrasures- Occlusal Viewpoint

-Where are they smaller?

A

LINGUAL embrasures on MAXILLARY 1st MOLAR are SMALLER than their respective facial embrasures b/c the crown tapers to the facial

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16
Q

Primary vs. Permanent Crowns:

A
  • ENAMEL is relatively THIN & has consistent depth
  • Dentin thickness between the pulp chambers & the enamel is LIMITED
  • Pulp horns are HIGH & the PULP chambers are proportionately LARGE
  • Primary pulp horns protrude HIGHER underneath crown heights b/c their dentin thickness is MINIMAL compared to PERMANENT teeth
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17
Q

Incisal View: Primary MAXILLARY LATERAL incisor

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Crown tapers SLIGHTLY TOWARD LINGUAL surface
  • Incisal ridge is CURVED TOWARD FACIAL surface
  • DISTOLINGUAL profile is “slightly CONCAVE”
  • Lingual Fossa is MODESTLY DEEP
18
Q

Lingual View: Primary MAXILLARY FIRST MOLAR

Study These Flashcards
A
  • **MESIOLINGUAL cusp is the MORE PROMINENT on the LINGUAL SURFACE that the distolingual cusp
  • DISTOLINGUAL CUSP, if visible = SMALL
  • Lingual developmental groove is INCONSPICUOUS (not much evidence of the groove)
19
Q

Facial View: Primary MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Extreme Uniqueness*
  • Mesial surface outline/contour relatively FLAT
  • Proximal contact areas are in the OCCLUSAL PORTION of the MIDDLE THIRD (almost to the junction of the Middle & occlusal thirds)
  • MESIOFACIAL CUSP is LARGER & TALLER than the distofacial cusp
  • SHORT or INDISTINCT FACIAL DEVELOPMENT GROOVE LOOKS MORE LIKE A DEPRESSION
  • CERVICAL LINE “points or dips” apically onto the MESIAL root surface on the MESIAL half of the tooth
  • CERVICAL RIDGE = CONVEX in MESIAL HALF, & FADES out onto the DISTOFACIAL cervical third
  • MESIAL ROOT = LONGER & MORE STRAIGHT than distal root
20
Q

Occlusal View- Primary MANDIBULAR 2nd MOLAR

RECTANGULAR OUTLINE & Resembles PERMANENT MAND. 1st MOLAR

Study These Flashcards
A

*POSSESSES LONG & WINDING central development GROOVE

  • DISTINCT MESIAL MARGINAL RIDGE GROOVE
  • DISTAL MARGINAL RIDGE HAS A “NOTCH” instead of a groove that splits in into 2
  • MESIOFACIAL & DISTOFACIAL development grooves separate the 3 CUSPS
  • SINGLE LINGUAL GROOVE separates the mesiolingual & distolingual cusps
  • MAJOR MOSSAE include the central fossa, mesial triangular fossa & distal triangular fossa
  • Significant TRIANGULAR RIDGES located on EACH cusp but NONE of them MEET to form a TRANSVERSE RIDGE
21
Q

Supernumerary Teeth:

Study These Flashcards
A

***MOST COMMON LOCATION in the MANDIBLE for a PERMANENT SUPERNUMERARY TOOTH to exist is the MANDUBULAR 2nd PRE-MOLAR

22
Q

Tooth Fusion:

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Arises thru UNION of 2 normally separated tooth germs, depends on stage of development of teeth at time of union
  • **May be COMPLETE or INCOMPLETE
  • 2 INDEPENDENT pulp chambers & root canals can be seen
  • FUSION can also be the UNION of a normal tooth bud to supernumerary tooth germ
  • Fusion is COMMONLY seen w/ MAXILLARY 2nd & 3rd MOLARS
  • Fusion ALWAYS involves DENTIN!!
23
Q

Facial Aspect ROOT structure: PERMANENT MAXILLARY CENTRAL Incisor

Study These Flashcards
A
  • OUTLINE of ROOT = CONE SHAPED w/ BLUNT APEX usually located SLIGHTLY DISTAL to center line of the tooth, w/ no root surface development depressions
  • EASY TO EXTRACT; can rotate the tooth w/in alveolus w/out root/osseous tissue fracture
24
Q

Facial Aspect: PERMANENT MAXILLARY LATERAL Incisor

Study These Flashcards
A
  • CROWN LENGTH = 1.0-1.5mm SHORTER than maxillary central incisor
  • CROWN WIDTH= 2.0mm less than maxillary central incisor
  • **LATERAL incisor LONG & NARROW

*Root APEX typically has a DISTAL CURVATURE associated with it

25
Distal Aspect: Permanent MAXILLARY LATERAL incisor
* INCISAL RIDGE & ROOT APEX WILL NOT LINED UP w/ each other | * Incisal ridge is CENTERED " FACIOLINGUALLY" over the crown & main body of the root
26
Mesial View: Permanent MANDIBULAR CENTRAL INCISORS
* INCISAL EDGE will be LINGUAL to the FACIOLINGUAL long axis bisector * ENAMEL on the facial surface will EXTEND APICALLY about 0.5 mm MORE than it does on lingual
27
Facial View: Permanent MANDIBULAR LATERAL incisor
* Incisal edge is STRAIGHT but it may appear SLANTED TOWARD the "DISTAL" * Mesial line = SHARP 90 degree angle--Distal more rounded * Proximal contacts are BOTH within incisal 1/3, distal contact ALWAYS "slightly cervical" * NOT SYMMETRICAL from FACIAL VIEW, more CURVATURE in the DISTAL crown outline
28
Distal View: Permanent MANDIBULAR LATERAL Incisor
**Incisal RIDGE is located TOWARD LINGUAL SURFACE when compared to faciolignual long axis bisector that travels thru the root apex.
29
Facial View: Permanent MAXILLARY CANINE
***CUSP TIP is either in LINE or slightly MESIAL to VERTICAL CENTER of tooth (MESIODISTAL BISECTOR) * MESIAL CUSPAL RIDGE is SHORTER than distal cuspal ridge * APCIAL ONE-THIRD of ROOT has DISTAL CURVATURE (or mesial/straight)
30
Distal View: Permanent MAXILLARY CANINE
**CUSP TIP= ALIGNED w/ ROOT TIP & HEIGHT of CURVATURE of the cervical line *Pronouced CONCAVITY, CERVICAL to the DISTAL contact area (minimally present on mesial root)
31
Mesial View: Permanent MANDIBULAR CANINE
**CINGULUM is NOT PRONOUNCED *ROOT SURFACE DEVELOPMENT DEPRESSION is pronounced & DEEP on the ROOT (gives rise to 2 canals/roots)
32
Permanent MAXILLARY FIRST PRE-MOLAR-- LINGUAL
**Lingual CUSP TIP= LESS pointed and about 1.0 mm SHORTER than the facial cusp ***Lingual CUSP TIP = SLIGHLY MESIAL to the mesiodistal long axis bisector; mesial ridge will be SHORTER than the distal cuspal ridge. ***Characteristic of lingual cusps to "SWING or POINT" to MESIAL ***MESIAL & DISTAL outlines of LINGUAL CUSP = BOTH ARE CONVEX **SMALL AMOUNT of BOTH MESIAL & DISTAL SURFACE = VISIBLE
33
Permanent MAXILLARY FIRST PRE-MOLAR--Mesial
***MESIAL CUSPAL RIDGEs of the facial & lingual cusps CONVERGE cervically to meet the facial & lingual segments of mesial marginal ridge (perpendicular) to FL long axis bisector. * Divided into facial and lingual by MESIAL MARGINAL DEVELOPMENT GROOVE which crosses the ridge from occulusal, extends to mesial. * Mesial development depression MUST ALWAYS be of concern during restorative/perio TX.
34
Permanent MAXILLARY 1st PRE-MOLAR-- Occlusal
**Crest of lingual segment lingually is DISTINCTLY MESIAL to the mesiodistal bisector of the crown **Mesial & Distal ridges of facial cusp are IN LINE w/ EACH OTHER but ANGLE across surface. MESIAL END= MORE LINGUAL **Facial cusp tip is DISTAL to the mesiodistal bisector and 1/3 the distance from the facial outline to the faciolingual bisector of the crown
35
Permanent MAXILLARY 2nd PRE-MOLAR-- Lingual
***Occlusally outline of BOTH cusps is VISIBLE. Tip of lingual cusp is IN-LINE w/ TIP of the facial cusp. EQUAL IN HEIGHT & little more ROUNDED than facial cusp. ***Cuspal ridges of lingual cusp WILL NOT be as HIGH occlusally as facial. PRESENTS the SAME ANGLE of SLANT from tip of cusp.
36
Permanent MAXILLARY 2nd PRE-MOLAR-- Occlusal
* Tooth has MESIAL & DISTAL triangular fossae that are IRREGULARLY SHAPED. NEARER to CENTER OF TOTH * ***HAS SHORT CENTRAL GROOVE & WIDE MARGINAL RIDGES
37
Permanent MANDIBULAR 1st PRE-MOLAR--Lingual View
* *Lingual cusp has CONSISTENT CINGULUM qualities to the anatomy * Lingual cusp tip APPROX. 2/3rds the HEIGHT of facial cusp tip * *A POINTED & CENTERED "LINGUAL" cusp tip is evident
38
Permanent MANDIBULAR 1st PRE-MOLAR--Mesial View
**VERY SHORT & HORIZONTALLY POSITIONED lingual cusp triangular ridge seen * *CENTRAL GROOVE POSITIONED on "LINGUAL" of crown * **45 degree angle to crest of mesial marginal ridge **DISTINCT MESIOLINGUAL GROOVE on "mesiolingual line angle" NOT CONTINUOUS w/ mesiolingual coronal depression
39
Permanent MANDIBULAR 1st PRE-MOLAR--Occlusal View
***Mesial triangular fossa has a mesial groove at the BOTTOM of it that is LINEAR in SHAPE & CONTINUOUS w/ mesiolingual groove * **AT the BOTTOM of distal triang. fossa is a "COMMA" shaped distal groove * *CENTRAL GROOVE is LOCATED on "LINGUAL SIDE" of tooth * "BENDS" toward lingual surface
40
Permanent MANDIBULAR 2nd PRE-MOLAR--Lingual View
*** 3-cusp variety has 2 LINGUAL cusps w/ a lingual groove between BOTH cusps ***Lingual Groove is distally positioned ***Mesiolingual cusp tip is APPROX. 1.5mm SHORTER than facial tip ***Distolingual tip is 2.0 mm SHORTER than facial tip
41
Permanent MANDIBULAR 2nd PRE-MOLAR--Occlusal View
**Right angle connections between CUSPAL RIDGES & ADJACENT MARGINAL RIDGES ***3-cusp variety DOES NOT HABE A TRANSVERSE RIDGE **CENTRAL GROOVE has "Mesial & Distal component and is LINGUALLY POSITIONED ***one the 3-cusp variety OUTLINE = "Y" SHAPED PATTERN

Dental Anatomy (6 decks)

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