Exam II Flashcards
(81 cards)
1
Q
Thera
A
Island in Greece; volcano destroyed half of the island; ruled by the Mycenaeans; king Tut’s body found here
2
Q
Knossos
A
Capital of Crete (labyrinth —> double axis); bull-leaping
3
Q
Mykenai (Mycenae)
A
- Greece mainland
- War-like people
- Patriarchal
- Took over Minoans
4
Q
Linear A
A
Developed by the Minoans
5
Q
Linear B
A
Developed by the Mycenaeans
6
Q
Wanax
A
King title; later God title (Greece); head of society
7
Q
Basileus
A
A ruler of the Easten Roman Empire/King (monarchs)
8
Q
Ionians
A
- leaders of a Greek economic and cultural revival after 750 BCE
- settled on the coast of Central Asia Minor
- ruler by king Cyrus (Persia)
9
Q
Dorians
A
- conquered Peloponnese
- advancement in art
- 1st to migrate into Greece
10
Q
Olympia
A
Where Zeus’s sanctuary was located
11
Q
Delphi (Delphoi)
A
Stadium primarily used for running races
12
Q
Arête
A
Excellence; a virtue important to Greek society
13
Q
Greek alphabet
A
- replaced Linear B
- included vowels
14
Q
Homer
A
Greek poet; most famous for the Iliad and the Odysseus
15
Q
Hesiod
A
Greek poet; wrote Theogony
16
Q
Polis
A
Greek city-state (meaning city)
17
Q
Metropolis
A
Very large city/urban area which is a significant economic
18
Q
Colony
A
Towns that were part of a trading network
19
Q
Oligarchy
A
Ruled by few; personal interests
20
Q
Tyranny
A
Abusive authority
21
Q
Greek evolution
A
kingship —> oligarchy —> tyranny —> democracy
22
Q
Lykourgos (Lycurgus) of Sparta
A
Set up Spartan form of government and redistributed land
- Rhetra (militarized form of Spartan citizenship that cultivated a warrior society)
23
Q
ephor
A
more powerful than kings, they are the administers of the city (overseers) - Sparta
24
Q
helots
A
state slaves (tied to the land they worked on)
25
archons
9 magistrates chosen annually by the aristocratic council 'rulers' --governor
26
Boule
most power (Athens)
27
aeropagos
former archons, the aristocrats (Athens)
28
Gerousia
an advisory council of 28 elders (Sparta)
29
Solon
he reformed Athens in order to prevent future tyrants; illuminated slavery debt
30
Peisistratos (Tyranny of the Peistratidia) 560 - 510
Marginalized groups overthrow government as tyrants ultimately ruled as despots. The tyrants gave way to another overthrow of government, this time by the aristocrats aided by Sparta.
31
Kleisthenes (Cleisthenes)
expands the Boule to 500 members (50 members from 10 tribes); wanted to reduce facionalism
32
Darrius I
monarch/leader of the Persian Empire
- Ionian revolt (499-493) --- Persians WON
- Battle of Marathon (Darrius wanted to punish Greece for aiding rebels; Persians destroyed Eretria attacks Marathon then plans to attack Athens; Athens asks Sparta for help twice; Athenians defeat Persia)
33
Xerxes
Darius I's son; launches force of 1 million people in order to avenge for father's defeat; small city-state immediately surrender to him
34
Battle of Thermopylai (Thermopylae)
small Greek army gathers to fight Xerxes at Thermopylae, this time Sparta helps
300 Spartans
1000 other Greeks
Persians win battle (traitor showed Persia a way around the Greek army)
35
Battle of Salamis
After the Persians burn Athen, refugees gather at Salamis. Persians follow and attacks them but the Greeks (navy) comes out of hiding and attack the Persians. Persians retreat.
36
Delian League
The Greek naval alliance led by the Athenians - but the treasury is initially in Delos.
37
Perikles
established democracy and the arts; height of Delian League; ostracized
38
Peloponnesian War
Athens (Delian League); dominated sea vs. Sparta; dominated land; rebels against Athens (WON)
39
Alkibiades (Alcibiades)
nephew of Perikles; traitor who went to Sparta to tell about Athens plans
40
Dorric
lack basses; simple
41
Ionic
has bases; spiral decorated at the top of the column
42
Corinthian
floral style; more elaborate
43
hetairai
companions - hoes
44
Herodotos
father of history and lies (wrote about Greco-Persian war)
45
Thucydides
Athenian general who recorded the history of the Peloponnesian war (Sparta vs. Athens)
46
Xenophon
continued where Thucydides left off
47
Sophokles
Wrote tragedies about the ancient legends of Thebes
48
Aristophanes
Wrote Comedies about politicians and etc.
49
Plato
studied under Sokrates; focused of the inner for/metaphysical form of things; goodness; ethics
50
Epikouros (Epicurus)
believed that life is nasty, brutish and short; YOLO
51
Demosthenes
was a great orator who went against Philip II; debates against Isokrates
52
Philip II (Macedon)
Father of Alexander the Great; reformed Macedon and improved military, got control of metal and trade routes
53
Chaironea (Chaironea) battle
Demosthenes led Athens and Thebes against Philip II and he wins and establishes Macedonian's hegemony.
54
Alexander the Great
son of Philip II; only 29 when stared ruling. Burnt down Thebes and killed family rival.
55
Darius III (Persia)
fought against Alex The Great and lost (battle of Issos)
56
Antigonids
Macedonia/Greece
57
Ptolemies
Egypt
58
Seleucids of Syria
Asia/Persian Empire (benefactor/savor)
59
Attalids (Pergamon)
Great new kingdom that gave itself to Rome
60
Serpis
hybrid God (Egypt/Greek)
61
Etruscans
from Asia Minor; dominated N. Italy in 4th century; lived in individual city-state rule by oligarchies.
62
Patricians
nobility
63
Pebelians
non nobility
64
patrons
citizens with power and wealth; others asked them for help
65
clients
citizens who need the patrons
66
consuls
top Roman government (always more than one)
67
tribunes
grouped below consuls; able to veto proposals in the Roman senate. Only Plebians able to be tribunes.
68
dictator
In case of an emergency one would be appointed for 6 months
69
legion
Romans fight individually and collectively
70
phalanx
Greek linear fighting formation
71
Pyrros (Pyrrhus) Epirus
cousin of Alexander the Great; used war elephants; won two battles against Romans; defeated in the 3rd battle - Pyrric victory
72
Carthage
Rome's evil twin; naval power
Hannibal ---> General from Carthage; used war elephants/army to fight Rome in Italy; fought Scipio Africanus (Punic War)
73
The Gracchi Brother (Tiberius and Gaius)
Tribune between 133 BC 121 BC
~ Reforms: limited the amount of land anyone person can hold; colonized other areas so landless could have land; killed by aristocrats
74
latifundia
plantations
75
1st Civil War
Garius Marcus vs. Sulla (senator general)
Marcus: Tribal Assembly elected consul in 107 BCE; gave land to the vets
Sulla: elected my the senate (WON)
76
1st Triumvirate
Pompey (Spain), Crassus (Syria), Caesar (Gaul)
77
2nd Triumvirate
Mark Antony, Octavian, Marcus Lepidus
78
amphitheater
held Roman sporting events
79
Circus Maximus
chariot racing
80
Hasmoneans
Priestly family that came to power in Judea during the rebellion against the Seleucids
81
Pharisees
fraction of the rabbis, function out of synagogues and believed it is up to then to interpret the religious law of the OT, strict interpretation (compete with Zealots)
