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Abnormal Psychology > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome

A

Alarm, Resistance, Exhaustion

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2
Q

HPA

A

Hormones that control how we react to stress. Contains the Hypothalamus, Pituitary, and Adrenal Glands.

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3
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Made of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Sympathetic-alarm, Parasympathetic-calm

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4
Q

Positive Feedback Loop

A

Where small effects of something cause a larger consequence. A produces more of B which produces more of A.

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5
Q

Holmes and Rahe Scale

A

Stressful life events give you points. More stressful events get more points.

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6
Q

Triadic design

A

Escapable shock, inescapable shock, and restrained control.

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7
Q

Type A personality

A

Anal retentive, perfectionistic, more prone to heart attacks

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8
Q

Type B personality

A

laid back, relax

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9
Q

Psychoneuroimmunology

A

The study of psychological processes and how they affect physiological processes and the body.

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10
Q

Stress Reduction Techniques

A

Progressive Muscle relaxation, Systematic desensitization

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11
Q

Diathesis Stress Model

A

Stress can trigger a condition if they are genetically predisposed.

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12
Q

PTSD

A

Stressors so intense they could cause a maladaptive reaction. Comes from directly experiencing, witnessing or learning about traumatic events.

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13
Q

Symptoms of PTSD

A

Intrusive memories, nightmares, flashbacks, distress, and avoidance of reminders

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14
Q

Cognitive alterations because of PTSD

A

Inability to recall all or part of trauma, negative beliefs, persistent negative state, lack of interest, estrangement, unable to be positive

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15
Q

Alteration in reactivity because of PTSD

A

Angry outbursts, reckless, hypervigilance, exaggerated startle response, sleep disturbances.

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16
Q

Course of PTSD

A

Acute stress disorder, specifying (with delayed reaction), varied course.

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17
Q

Treatment for PTSD

A

Crisis intervention, CBT, Medications, Pet Therapy

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18
Q

Fear vs. Anxiety

A

Fear- an adaptive state, Anxiety is apprehension of future danger.

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19
Q

Measurement of fear and anxiety

A

Subjective, behavioral, physiological

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20
Q

Panic Attacks

A

Not a diagnosable order, a symptom, rapidly developing fear or anxiety, very common

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21
Q

Symptoms of Panic Attacks

A

Heart accelerates, trembling, sweating, chest pain, choking, dizziness, numbness, chills or heat, nausea, derealization, fear of dying, losing control, shortness of breath.

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22
Q

Panic Disorder

A

recurrent, spontaneous, and unexpected panic attacks, anxiety about future attacks, not due to another medical condition, happens at least once a month, onset in adolescence or older.

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23
Q

Biological reasons for Panic Disorder

A

Runs in families, oversensitivity in the brain, lower levels of GABA, certain triggers

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24
Q

Cognitive reasons for Panic Disorder

A

Catastrophic misinterpretations of physical sensations

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25
Behavioral reasons for Panic Disorder
Introreceptive cues- misinterpreting bodily cues, exteroreceptive cues- cues around us
26
Psychodynamic reasons for Panic Disorder
Repressed agressive impulses, Defense mechanisms reduce anxiety
27
Treatment for Panic Disorder
Medication- Lexiprose and Xanax, CBT
28
Agoraphobia
Widespread panic disorder, anxiety about panic attacks in places where escape would be difficult. Can become housebound, typically onsets in adulthood, associated with stressful event or phobias.
29
Specific Phobia
Intense, persistent fear triggered by specific objects of situation, Common, has to be at least 6 months, impacts life.
30
Categories of specific phobia
Animal, Natural Environment, Bodily Injury, Situational, Other
31
Factors for Phobias
Biological, Behavioral- Pavlov, Psychodynamic- agression
32
Treatment for phobias
Medications- mostly not effective, Systematic Desensitization, Participant modeling
33
Social Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety of being connected with unfamiliar people, situations trigger distress and fear, 6 months affecting you, can run in families.
34
Treatment for social anxiety disorder
SSRI's- anti-depressants, CBT, social skills training
35
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Constant state of worry, most days for at least 6 months, autonomic arousal symptoms, doesn't progress into panic attacks, but may be co-morbid.
36
Causes of generalized anxiety disorder
Biological- genetic link, insufficient GABA, Cognitive- Over perceive threatening situations, Psychodynamic- unconsious
37
Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
GABA stimulants, SSRI's, CBT
38
OCD
Intrusive thoughts and behaviors that alleviate anxiety, Interferes with life, at least one hour a day, self-awareness varies, can be co-morbid with tic disorder
39
Categories of OCD
Contamination, Aggression, Sexual, Hoarding, Religious, Somatic, Cleaning, Checking, Rituals, Counting, Ordering
40
Causes of OCD
Moderate genetic link, extreme defense mechanism
41
DSM and OCD
Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both. More than 1hr a day, Not due to substance or medical disorder, not due to another medical condition
42
Treatment for OCD
SSRI's, Exposure and response prevention, Cingulotomy
43
Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Can be co-morbid with eating disorders, Impairs normal functioning, obsess over body. Muscle dysmorphia.
44
Causes of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Can run in families- role modeled, childhood abuse and neglect, societal reinforcement, cultural
45
Treatment for Body Dysmorphic Disorder
SSRI's, CBT
46
Hoarding
Collects articles and unable to discard to the point of distress, was part of OCD in DSM IV, runs in families, worse with each decade of life.
47
Treatment for Hoarding
Cognitive- for dysfunctional thoughts, exposure and response prevention, Organizational skills training
48
Excoriation
Recurrently picks at skin on head or face, starts in adolescence, can be several hours a day, comorbid with depression, can run in families
49
Treatment for Excoriation
Behavioral- relaxation
50
Malingering
To fake illness to avoid something, not a mental disorder, but it may require clinical attention, can be criminals, can also be non-compliant to medical treatment.
51
Factitious Disorder
Exaggerate Symptoms, symptoms are worse when being watched. Used to be Munchausen syndrome- DSM III
52
Factitious Disorder Imposed on another
False symptoms produced on behalf of someone, mother and young child, munchausen by proxy- DSM III and IV
53
Somatic Symptom Disorder
Multiple physical complaints, excessive worry and over-interpretation of symptoms, has to be over 6 months, low SES and ed are more prevalent.
54
Treatment for Somatic Symptom Disorder
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, treatment difficult because they normally do not seek treatment.
55
Conversion Disorder
Deficits in motor and sensory function, rare, paralysis, selective loss of function, verbal functioning, convulsions, tic disorder
56
Astasia-Abasia
Inability to walk because of psychological issues
57
Analgesia
Inability to feel pain
58
Anesthesia
Skin sensitivity
59
Parestesia
Feel something that's not there
60
Causes of Conversion Disorder
Psychoanalytic- repressed feelings, behavioral- because of positive attention, faulty inhibition of mirror neurons
61
Illness Anxiety
DSM 5 term, Hypochondriasis- DSM IV, pre-occupation that one has or will get a serious disease, excessive reactions, central to self-image, can be transient or chronic
62
Treatment for Illness Anxiety
SSRI's or Stress Management
63
Dissociative Disorders
Altered states of consciousness, disruption of memory and identity, some can spontaneously recover, associated with trauma, amnesia, can still learn new information
64
Localized Amnesia
Not remembering events about a certain period
65
Selective Amnesia
Broader period of time
66
Generalized Amnesia
Larger period of time
67
Dissassociative Fugue Specifier
Memory impairment and flees from home, can be brief or months, Treatment- hypnosis, sodium amytal
68
Sodium Amytal
Truth Syrum
69
Dissociative Identity Disorder
DSM 5 term, Multiple personality disorder- DSM IV, Range from 2-100 personalities, associated with torture and trauma, no genetic link, all environmental
70
Treatment for Dissociative Identity Disorder
Integrate all personalities, talk therapy
71
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder
Separation from one's self, co-morbid with other disorders, average onset is 16-rare after 25, no definitive cause.
72
Personality Disorders
How the world is viewed and how people interact with others, enduring inflexible patterns that cause distress for them or others, deviates from cultural norms
73
Symptoms of Personality Disorders
Impulse control, dysfunctional and consistent behavior, don't seek treatment, low reliability of diagnosis, these can be co-morbid together
74
Eyeseneck
Personality is biological, Neuroticism, Extroversion, and Psychoticism
75
Neruoticism
Negative emotions vs. positive
76
Extroversion
Outgoing or withdrawn
77
Psychotosicm
Anger and agressiveness
78
Cattell
Measured 16 factors of personality on a continuum.
79
Big Five- Neo Pi
Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeablenes, neuroticism
80
Cluster A Personality Disorders
Paranoid, Schizoid, Schizotypal, odd or eccentric behaviors
81
Cluster B Personality Disorders
Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissitic, Dramatic, emotional and erratic behaviors
82
Cluster C Personality Disorders
Avoidant and Obsessive Compulsive
83
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Distrustful and suspicious of others, takes offense easily, socially isolated, excessive view of self-importance, jealousy, onset in early adulthood, co-morbid with OCD
84
Cause of Paranoid personality disorder
Unknown, may have history of schizophrenia, childhood trauma
85
Treatment for Paranoid personality disorder
Relationship building, challenging beliefs and self-talk, anti-psychotic medications
86
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Detachment from social relationships, little emotional expression, Loners, no reaction to praise or criticism.
87
Cause of Schizoid
Can run in families, but no strong genetic link
88
Treatment for Schizoid
Do not normally seek treatment, social skills training
89
Schizotypal
Unusual and superstitious behavior, high rate of depression, co-morbid with schizoid, can run in families
90
Treatment of Schizotypal
Antipsychotic meds, antidepressants, little research done.
91
Antisocial Personality Disorders
Must be 18 to be diagnose, Decietful, lying, manipulative, thrill seeking, failure to conform to laws, can be found in criminals, higher risk for suicide
92
Causes of antisocial
Under arousal of physiological sources
93
Treatments for antisocial
Dopamine, rarely seeks treatment
94
Borderline Personality Disorder
Unstable relationships, rapid shifts of perceptions of people, frantically avoids being alone, but pushes people away, stress can cause psychotic symptoms, impulsivity, inappropriate displays of anger
95
Treatment of Borderline
SSRI's, Lithium, Dialectical behavior therapy- education, Group and Individual therapy
96
Histrionic Disorder
Co-morbid with Narcissistic, excessive emotionality and attention seeking, considered relationships more intimate, flirtatious, easily influenced by others, self-mutilation and suicide attempts
97
Causes of Histrionic
No family influence, psychoanalytic repression
98
Treatment for Histrionic
Little research on this
99
Narcississtic Personality Disorder
Self-centered, admiration from others, exaggerated self-importance, entitled, lacks empathy
100
Causes of Narcissistic
No research on family influence, Psychodynamic
101
Treatment of Narcissistic
No established treatment theories
102
Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder
Co-morbid with anxiety, control, orderly, overly perfectionistic, no trust in others, overlaps into moral judgment
103
Sociopaths
Nervous, easily agitated, emotional outbursts, no regard for society's laws, haphazard and spontaneous, result of environment
104
Psychopaths
Unable to form emotional bonds or feel empathy, manipulation and mimicry, very meticulous, result of genetics

Abnormal Psychology (4 decks)

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