Exam II: 3A Blood vessels

Question 0

What do all “plumbing” vessels have in common?

Answer 0

They all have an endothelium

Question 1

What is the path of the “plumbing”

Answer 1

Arteries–>Arterioles–?Capillaries–>Venules–>Veins

Question 2

Which two lack Elastic tissue, & smooth muscle?

Answer 2

Capillaries and Venues

Question 3

Which is the only blood vessel that lacks the Fibrinous tissue?

Answer 3

Capillaries

Question 4

Where is the ascending aorta?

Answer 4

Between the left ventricle and the aortic arch

Question 5

Where is the Aortic arch located?

Answer 5

The inverted “U” above the heart

Question 6

Describe the Aorta

Answer 6

• The largest artery in the body

- Divided into 5 sections\

Question 7

Where is the Descending Aorta located?

Answer 7

From the aortic arch to where it divides into the common iliac arteries

Question 8

Where is the Thoracic Aorta located?

Answer 8

The superior portion of the descending aorta above the Diaphragm

Question 9

Where is the abdominal aorta ?

Answer 9

The inferior portion of the descending aorta below the diaphragm.

Question 10

What makes the aorta DISTENSIBLE?

Answer 10

Aortic wall contains a large amount of elastic tissue, which makes it highly distensible.

Question 11

Under normal conditions where is the BP at its HIGHEST when compared to any other vessel?

Answer 11

BP is highest in the ASCENDING AORTA

Question 12

What is the Windkessel effect?

Answer 12

Where the elastic recoil of the aorta helps to “dampen” or “smooth out” the pulsatile flow of blood out of the left ventricle of the heart. \

Question 13

What is the mythical definition of arteries?

Answer 13

Deliver oxygenated blood to the tissues

Question 14

What is the true definition of arteries?

Answer 14

• Carry blood away from the heart
• Are thick-walled w/ extensive elastic tissue & smooth muscle
• Operate under the high pressure in the circulation

Question 15

What is the anatomy of a Typical Artery?

Answer 15

Tunica intima--> endothelial cells "inner coat" 
Tunica media-->muscles
Tunica externa (adventitia)--> CT(collagen) "outer coat"

Question 16

Describe Arterioles

Answer 16

• Smaller than arteries
• Extensive development of smooth muscle
• Site of the greatest resistance & largest pressure drop in the circulation

Question 17

What is vasoconstriciton?

Answer 17

Results from increased smooth muscle contraction and leads to increased resistance & decreased blood flow thru the vessel lumen.

Question 18

What is Vasodilation?

Answer 18

Results from increased smooth muscle relaxation & lead to decreased resistance and increased blood flow thru the vessel lumen.

Question 19

What can induce a change in the radius of an artery or arteriole?

Answer 19

1) Autonomic nervous system
2) Ciruclating hormones (angiotension II (causes constriction & treats high BP and heart failure), vasopression, etc)
3) Local Vasoactive Substances
4) Other (e.g Temperature)

Question 20

What are capillaries?

Answer 20

• They have the greatest TOTAL cross-sectional & surface area
• Are the sites of EXCHANGE between tissues & blood
• Consists of single layer of endothelial cells surrounded by a basal lamina (basement memb) —> very THIN- WALLED

Question 21

What are some characteristics of capillaries?

Answer 21

• Perfusion of capillaries is determined by the activity of arterioles
• Endothelial cells may have a small pores (fenestrations) betwn them or they may be continuous

Question 22

What are venules?

Answer 22

Formed form merged capillaries & then progressively merge themselves to form veins

Question 23

What is the mythical definition of Venules?

What is the true definition?

Answer 23

Myth: Carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues

True: Carry blood TOWARDS the HEART

Question 24

How do Venules and veins compare?

Answer 24

- They are think-walled compared to arteries - Operated under much LOWER pressures compared to arteries - Contain the HIGHEST proportion of blood in the cardiovascular system at any given time

Question 25

What is the anatomy of a Typical Vein?

Answer 25

1) Thinner tunica media | w) Presence of venous valves (in some, not all) within the endothelium

Question 26

What is the Vena Cavae?

Answer 26

The superior vena cava & inferior vena cava are called the VENA CAVAE. -Both drain "deoxygenated" blood into the R. Atrium

Question 27

Describe the inferior vena cava?

Answer 27

- Largest vein in the body - Begins at the junction of the COMMON ILIAC VEINS -Travels superiorly alongside the abdominal aorta

Question 28

Where does the Inferior Vena Cava collect blood from?

Answer 28

From lower extremities, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity & portions of the thoracic cavity

Question 29

Where does the superior Vena Cava form?

Answer 29

Forms from the convergence of the RIGHT and LEFT BRANCHIOCEPHALIC VIENS

Question 30

Where does superior Vena Cava collect blood from?

Answer 30

The upper extremities, head & neck

Question 31

What are the major arteries?

Answer 31

1. R. Brachial & L 2. R. Ulnar & L 3. R. Radial & L 4. R. Ulnar & L 5. R. Axially & L 6. R. Subclavian & L 7. R. Common Carotid & L 8. R. External carotid & L 9. R. Internal carotid & L 10. Brachiocephalic trunk 11. Aortic Arch 12. Thoracic Aorta

Question 32

Know arteries on the slide 23, and 24

Answer 32

``` Slide 24: R. external carotid & L R. Internal carotid & L Right common carotid & L Right subclavian artery & L Brachiocephalic trunk Arch of aorta (Aortic arch) ```

Question 33

What are the arteries of the upper extremity?

Answer 33

1. Subclavian 2. Axillary 3. Brachial 4. Radial 5. Ulnar

Question 34

What are the major arteries of the Abdominal Aorta?

Answer 34

``` R. Femoral & L R. Internal Iliac & L R. External iliac & L R. Common iliac & L Inferior Mesenteric Right Renal & L Superior Mesenteric Celiac trunk Common Hepatic Splenic artery Left Gastric ``` NOTE: know lecture slide 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34,

Question 35

Where does the celiac trunk supply blood to ?

Answer 35

Supplies liver, gall bladder, stomach, spleen, pancreas, & duodenum

Question 36

Where does the Superior Mesenteric supply blood to?

Answer 36

Supplies small intestine and large intestine (colon)

Question 37

Where does the Inferior Mesenteric supply blood to?

Answer 37

Supplies large intestine and rectum

Question 38

What are the renal arteries and pelvic arteries/veins?

Answer 38

Renal= Right and Left renal Artery & Vein Pelvic= 1) Left common iliac Artery 2) Left internal iliac Artery 3) Right and Left Femoral Artery and Vein 4) Left and Right External iliac Artery and Vein

Question 39

Know slides 35, 36, 37, 38, 39,

Answer 39

Representing Veins

Question 40

Which major veins do we need to know?

Answer 40

1) R. Common Iliac vein & L 2) Superior mesenteric Vein 3) Right Renal Vein 4) Interior Mesenteric Vein 5) Splenic Vein 6) Hepatic Portal Vein 7) R. Brachiocephalic Vein & L 8) Left Internal Jugular vein 9) Left external jugular vein