Exam II Flashcards
Connotative
Implied or suggested meaning in addition to the literal meaning.
Denotative
Literal meaning of a word.
Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis
Language determines the way in which a group of people perceives their environment, and influences how we think and what we think about.
Give an example of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
Eskimos have many different words for snow. Wet, dry, falling, all mean something different to those who must travel, hunt, and live in that environment.
What are the characteristics of inner speech?
Egocentric (attention directed inward, silent (thoughts aren’t verbalized), compressed syntax (compressed in structure), semantic embeddedness (a word inside can mean much more than that word in interpersonal comm.).
What is a semantic reaction?
You respond to a ward as if it were the thing described. (jumping when we hear the word “fire” rather than waiting to witness).
How does one build his/her vocabulary?
Keep a dictionary handy.
Write down new words.
Use new words.
What is the importance of having a large vocabulary?
Is correlated with earning power, it can prevent miscommunications created by language-related behavior, and it can help bring new insight to others.
What is perception checking?
Response that (1) provides information to your partner regarding your understanding of what she said and then (2) allows your partner to modify or further clarify her original intent.
Why is perception checking useful?
When accuracy is essential, and makes it less likely for miscommunication to occur.
List the types of questions:
Open, closed, probing.
Closed questions
require short, concise responses. What section of commerce are you in? Did you bring your DVD player? These are closed questions because one or two words are all that is required to respond.
Open questions
Questions whose answers are longer and more complete. Tell me a little bit about yourself.? What was it that you particularly liked about your study abroad?
Probing questions
helpful when you don’t feel you are getting adequate information to understand your partner’s point of view thoroughly. They don’t suggest a new topic; rather, you ask the speaker to expand on a particular issue.
Give an example of probing.
Your friend tells you that a course in school really upsets them. “what is it about the course that is making you feel that way?”
List the different note-taking methods.
Concept-vs.-fact method and Outline method.
Concept-vs-fact method.
Focuses your attention on the main points of the message. Draw a line down the middle of your page and record the main points on the left side and any supporting details on the right side.
Outline method.
Main ideas are designated by Roman numerals, are noted in phrases or one-word reminders. The accompanying evidence is then indicated by capital letters, numbers, and small letters. This words better when the speaker is organized and speaks logically.
CEO note taking and questions.
Executives can get 15% more out of any communication by asking questions and 20% more from note-taking.
Cornell Note-Taking system
Preparation: draw a line down the center of your page and label the right side “record” and the left side “reduce”.
Note taking: write down as many facts and ideas as possible. Get as much DOWN AS POSSIBLE.
Use of notes: review notes ASAP; review what you have in the record section and summarize it in the reduce section.
How long is information stored in your immediate memory?
It passes quickly through your memory system and is lost in less than second.
What is important about immediate memory?
It is an important filtering device, determining what information will be discarded and what will be kept for further processing. If info does not attract your attention, it never gets into your immediate memory system, and therefore, it has no chance of entering your short or long term memory.
How long is information stored in your short term memory or “working memory”?
You retain information here usually for less than 30 seconds.
What is important about short term memory?
It is required for conversations and it is a necessary intermediate step in processing information that eventually finds its way into your LTM. Interpersonal competence = STM!!!!
How long is information stored in your long term memory?
Information can stay here for years.
What is important about longterm memory?
It has unlimited storage capacity. The more information you have stored in your LTM, the more easily you can remember new ideas.
How do we improve our immediate memory or getting things from immediate to STM?
Repetition, chunking (remember up to 7 individual pieces), identification of logical patterns (identify inherent patterns in the information you hear).
How does food impact our memory?
It effects the chemicals produced in our brains which affect mood, behavior, and thought processing. Eating protein first at mealtimes will help you stay alert.
