Exam II

Question 1

Class III anti-arrhythmetic drugs

Answer 1

K+ channel blockers
Delay repolerization therefore increased AP ie cell less excitable

Solatol

Amiodorone

Question 2

Class 1A antiarrythmetic

Answer 2

Block fast Na+ channels
Prolongs AP making cell less excitable

Quinidine
Procainamide

Question 3

Class 1B anti arrythmetics

Answer 3

Black fast Ana channels
Shorten AP

Lidocaine
Mexiletine

Question 4

Class 1C anti-arrhythmetics

Answer 4

Block fast NA channels
No change AP

Flecainide
Propafenone

Question 5

Class II anti-arrhythmetics

Answer 5

B blockers
Dec HR and contractility

Atenolol
Propranolol
Esmolol
Solatol

Question 6

Class IV antiarrhytmetic

Answer 6

Ca+ channel blockers
Dec HR and contractility

Verapamil
diltiazem
amlodipine

Question 7

Selective B1 blockers (class II anti arithmetics)

Answer 7

Atenolol

Esmolol

Question 8

Class II antiarryhtmetic (nonselective B blocker) that crosses BBB

Answer 8

Propranolol

Question 9

Arteriodialators

Answer 9

Reduce afterload

Hydrazaline (inc cGMP)

Verapamil (block ca channels)
Diltiazem (WEAK - block ca channels)
Amlodipine (block ca channels)

Question 10

Venodialators

Answer 10

Reduce preload

Nitroglycerin 
Nitrorusside sodium (also arteriodialator)

Both inc NO

Question 11

Mixed vasodialators

Answer 11

Decrease afterload and preload

Nitroprusside sodium (inc NO)

Sildenafil (inhibit PDE5)

Enalapril
Benazpril
Both via ACE inhibition (prevent angiotensin II fxn)

Question 12

Positive ionotropes

Answer 12

Digoxin (cardiac glycoside)
Dopamine (catecholamine)
Dobutamine (synthetic catecholamine) 
Amrinone and milronone (PGE3 inhibitor) 
Pimobendan (ca+ sensitized)

Question 13

Digoxin

Answer 13

Cardiac glycoside
(inhibit Na/K ATPase)
WEAK + inotrope

Vagal influence to decrease HR and firing rate (ie - chronotrope and dromatrope)

MOi: increase inracellular Ca2+

Tx: atrial fibrillation pump failure or DCM

-:arrhythmia vomit GI azotemia
(Hypokalemia make toxicity worse)

Question 14

Pimobendan

Answer 14

+ ionotrope = inc CO

Increased affinity of traps in C to Ca sensitizing apparatus to enhance contractility

Question 15

Weak ionotrope that has vagal influence that decreases HR

Ie weak positive ionotrope because concurrent negative chronotrope

Answer 15

Digoxin

Question 16

This positive ionotrope increases the sensitivity of ca2+ causing increased contractility

Answer 16

Pimobendan

Question 17

Only class II antiarythmetic that crosses BBB with 1/2 life <2hrs

Answer 17

Propranolol

Question 18

Non selective beta blockers used as CII antiarthmetics

Answer 18

Propranolol and solatol

Question 19

B1 selective beta blockers used as CII antiarthmetics

Answer 19

Atenolol

Esmolol

Question 20

Weak arteriodialator

Via blocked Ca channels

Answer 20

Diltiazem

Question 21

Arteriodialators via blocked Ca channels

Answer 21

Verapamil
Amlodipine
Diltriazam (weak)

Question 22

Mixed vasodialators via ACE inhibition

Answer 22

Enalapril

Benazepril

Question 23

Mixed vasodialators cia PDE5 inhibition

Answer 23

Sildenafil

Question 24

Which anti fungal should not be given to cats with FIV FelV

Answer 24

Griseofluvin

Question 25

Which antifungal can be used for pulse therapy

Answer 25

Itraconazole

Question 26

Which anifungal mostly used in large animals

Answer 26

Iodides

Question 27

Which antifungal selective for dermatophytes

Answer 27

Griseofluvin

Question 28

Which antifungal is the first choice for small animal sporotrichosis .... large animal?

Answer 28

Intraconazole | Iodides

Question 29

What is amphotericin B not effective against

Answer 29

Aspirgillus

Question 30

What is ketoconoazole not effective against

Answer 30

Spirotrichosis esp cats

Question 31

Which antifungal has the best CNS and ocular distribution

Answer 31

Fluconazole

Question 32

What does the fungicidal antifungal terbinafine target

Answer 32

Squalene epoxidase Superficial mycosis

Question 33

What is the safest azole that is well tolerated in cats

Answer 33

Fluconazole

Question 34

Which injectable anesthetic has a high percentage of propylene glycol that can cause hemolysis as well as swapping and gagging during induction but is chosen for relatively stable CV effects

Answer 34

Etomadate