Exam II Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
The seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
A
JNC7 Report: (2003)
2
Q
Blood pressure Goal according to JNC7 Report
A
BP less than 140/90 Tx; Life style Modification
3
Q
Stage 1 HTN according to JNC7 Report
A
Sys. 140-159 or Dia: 90-99 TX: Pharmacologic/ Lifestyle
4
Q
Stage 2 HTN according to JNC7 Report
A
Sys: equal or> 160 Dia: Equal to >100
5
Q
Hypertension Diagnosis
A
Average of 2 or more seated BP measurements from 2 or more clinical encounters
6
Q
Optimal BP goals vary depending on:
A
- Age
- Concomitant Diseases
- Demographics
- Drug Interactions
- Economic Considerations
- Guidelines
7
Q
Patient w/o CKD but w/ DM (non-black)
A
Initiate;
Thiazide, ACEI, ARB or CCB or Combo
8
Q
Patient w/o CKD but w/ DM (black)
A
Initiate:
Thiazide or CCB Alone or Combo
9
Q
Patient with CKD and with or without DM
A
Initiate:
ACEI: or ARB Alone or combo w/ other classes
10
Q
Drug Treatment Titration Strategies
A
A. Maximize 1st Rx before adding 2nd
B. Add 2nd Rx before reaching Max dose of 1st Rx
C. Start w/ 2 Rxs separately or as fixed-dose combo
11
Q
Which combination of the Guideline medications should not be combined
A
ACEI and ARBs
12
Q
What is the drug of choice when; treating hypertension with comorbid diabetes and/or CKD?
A
ACEI or ARB (Angiotensin Receptor blocker)
13
Q
Guideline medications contraindicated in pregnancy are
A
ACEI and ARBs
14
Q
Largely Determines Systolic Blood Pressure
A
Cardiac Output (HR * Stroke Volume)
15
Q
Cardiac Output is a function of
A
- Stroke Volume
- Heart Rate
- Venous Capacitence
16
Q
Largely Determines Diastolic Blood Pressure
A
Total Peripheral Resstance
17
Q
Total Peripheral resistance is the function of
A
Vascular resistance and Heart
18
Q
Blood Pressure fluctuations throughout the day
A
Lowest= Sleep
Rises =Awakening
Peaks =Midmorning
19
Q
Blood pressure is a product of
A
Cardiac output X Total Peripheral Resistance
20
Q
Diuretics Include
A
- Thiazide and Thiazide like Rxs
- Aldosterone Antagonists
- Loop Diuretics
- Carbonic Anhyrodase Inhibitors
- Osmotic Diuretics
- Pottasium Sparing diuretics
21
Q
Blocker Agents include
A
- Mixed Alpha/Beta Blockers
- Intrinsic sympathomimetics
- Non-selective Beta Blockers
- Non-Dihydropyridines CCBs
- Dihydropyridine CCBs
- Cardio Selective Beta Blockers
22
Q
Agonists Antagonists include
A
- Direct Arterial Vasodialators
- Inotropics
- Dompamine Agonists
- Central Alpha 2 Agonists
- Alpha 1 Blockers
- Peripheral Adrenergic Antagonists
- Sodium Channel Blockers
23
Q
Inhibitors Include
A
- Neprylisin Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEI)
- Direct Renin Inhibitors
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARB)
24
Q
inhibit Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule (DCT) resulting in water elimination
Lead to Erect D. hyperurecimia/lipidemia/glycemia; hypokalemia/natremia; promotes Ca++ reabsorption
A
Thiazide and Thiazide like Diuretics
25
Thiazide and like Diuretics medications include
- Hydrochlorothiazide
- Metolazone
- Indapamide
- Corthalidone (More Morbidity Benefits)
26
inhibition of Hormone; which inhibits Na retention, and retains K+ Mg++ and inhibits Sympathetic activation
Use: Pts w/ severe S/S, preserved renal fx, Norm K+ levels. Plasma K+ must be monitored-Hyperkalemia
Aldosterone Antagonists
27
Aldosterone
- Eplerenone
- Spironolactone
- Spironolactone/Hydrochlorothiazide
28
Blocks reabsorption of Na+ Cl- K+@ LOH co-transporter; Most potent; w/ poor renal fx patients,Edema,hyper-K+
NOT: Sulfa allergy, cause; Hyperuricimia, hypoMg++, electrolyte disturbance NSAIDS RxI,
Loop Diuretics
29
Loop Diuretic drugs include
- Bumetanide
- Ethacrynic Acid
- Torsemide
- Furosemide
30
Inhibits Na+ proton exchange for H+ inc. elimination @ PCT. Inc HCO3 in urine=Inc pH urine--> hyperchlorimia
Tx-AMS and Glaucoma (Open) Dec. CSF and its pH; ----CNS Drowsiness; tolerance dev, K-stones, HyperCl-MA
NOT-COPD, Asthma, Cirrhosis, Nephro-neuro toxic w/rx
Carbonic Anhydrous Inhibitors
31
Carbonic Anhydrous Inhibitors
Acetazolomide and AZT SR
32
Freely filterable at Glomerulus; Osmotic gradient Not reabsorbed-->water to be retained in in PCT--> diureses
Use: Cerebral Edema and maintain urine flow in toxic ingestion of renal failure susbtances; worsens CHF
Osmotic Diuretic (Mannitol)
33
Sodium Channel Inhibitors retains K+ in Collecting Duct
Added to prevent hypokalemia w/ Loops and Thiazides
Tx-resistant HTN, CHF,Ascites, Polycistic Ovary syndro., ADV: Hyperkalemia, Ulcer, pregnancy, ARBS, ACEI
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
34
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
- Amiloride
| - Triamterene
35
Usage in HF in mild fluid overload/regular management for HTN after Max ceiling of Loops met
(Thazide or Thiazide Like)
- Metalozone
- Indapamide
- Chlorthalidone
- Chlorothiazide
- Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
36
used w/ Loop diuretics in diuretic resistance. Used when GFR<20mls/min;; Dose= 20mg/day for edema
Reserved for add on-on therapy in Loop refractory patients; Caution w/ ARBS and ACEIs and K+-->K+ Inc.
Metazolone
37
Possibly does not affect lipid profile; improves CV outcomes in pts >80 y/o
Indapamide
38
Diuretic with most evidence for improved CV outcome; little benefit with dose > 25mg/day (24 hr BP control)
Chlorthalidone
39
Most commonly used Thiazide and Thiazide like; Higher doses up to 200mg used in edema
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
40
Has additional benefits in CHF diuretic unrelated. Slows ventricle hypertrophy, Inhibit cardiac remodeling
Dec. mortality and morbidity LVeF<40% S/S HF and DM
Add to ACEIs or ARBs; K+ accumulation;CrCl>30ml/min
Eplerenone and Spironolactone
| (Aldosterone Antagonist)
41
Best when fluid overload is excessive, edema required to reduce quickly, or when kidney impaired
Avoid Nephrotoxic Rx; Abx Aminoglycosides; Hypovolemia; tinnitus; hyperurecimia;hypomagnesaemia
[Loop Diuretics]
- Bumetanide;
- Torsemide;
- Furosimide;
- Ethacrynic Acid;
42
Loop Diuretic much more potent than Furosimide
Bumetadine
43
Loop diuretic Generally given BID for HTN due short 1/2 life; causes hyperurecemia
Furosimide
44
Loop Diuretic much more potent than Furosimide
Torsemide
45
Loop diuretic Not a sulfa, Alternate for sulfa allergy pts; causes hyperurecemia
Ethacrynic Acid
46
Tx for AMS 24-48 hrs prior to ascent and continue 48
Tx for Open Angle glaucoma pre-Sx IOP lowering Rx
Tx; Absence seizures secondary acidosis
CI; Cirrhosis Caution; COPD,Asthma, Resp. Acidosis
Acetazolomide (Carboni Anhydrous Inhibitors)
47
Product crystalizes and requries warming (dry heat oven or hot water bath and cool) 20-200mg/24 hrs
CI: Intracranial bleeding, pulmonary or chronic edema
AE; Dehydration,Kidney fx and ICP monitoring
Mannitol
48
DOC for lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; primarily used in combinations
Traimterene
49
Aldosterone Antagonist reduces morbidity asso. w/HF avoid in Scr<20/mg/dL HF-25mg and HTN-50mg
Eplerenone or Spironolactone
50
Inhibitor that blocks Angiotensin II at receptor and Inc. natriuretic peptide causes vessel dialation.
Reduce risk of CV death/hospital. Class II IV HF, in place of ARB or ACEI.
Neprylisin Inhibitor/ARB (Sacubritil/Valsartan)
51
Inhibits RAAS AT-I -->AT-II by Renin. Reduce, HR, ADH, Aldosterone, Na+ re-Abs., Sympathetic NS. DEC. HTN
No inc. HR, Output, contractility; Inc. of Bradykinin.
TX: DM, Post MI, CHF, Hx stroke, coronary disease
CI: Pregnancy, AE; Angioedema dry cough R-Trifecta
Antiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs)
| -Prils
52
Tx: HTN Start= 6.25mg TID Target Dose= 50 mg TID
CI: Renal Trifecta; No ARB ACEI combo; Prego Cat-D Renal Artery Stenosis; Start 50% w/ diuretic*Inc age
Captopril
53
Tx: HTN Start=2.5 BID Target Dose= 10mg BID
CI: Renal Trifecta; No ARB ACEI combo; Prego Cat-D Renal Artery Stenosis; Start 50% w/ diuretic*Inc. age
Enalapril
54
Tx HTN Start= 2.5-5mg/day Target Dose= 20mg/day
CI: Renal Trifecta; No ARB ACEI combo; Prego Cat-D Renal Artery Stenosis; Start 50% w/ diuretic Inc age
Lisinopril
55
Directly Inhibits Angiotensin converting enzyme. Reduces AT-I. "Sulfa" Avoid NSAIDS
TX: HTN 150mg/day :Cough,Angioedema, hyper-k
CI: Pregnancy; No ACEI or ARB combow/
Aliskerin (Direct Renin Inhibitor)
56
Antagonize AT-II at AT1 Receptor. Blocks Aldosterone. Reserved for Non tolerance ACEI Pts. No Combo ACEI
TX: HTN (CHF) AE: Lower Angioedema, Dry cough; Hyper-k, Renal CI; Pregnancy Cat-D, R-Trifecta,
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
| (-artan)
57
TX: HF (HTN) Start: 4-8mg/day Target Dose=32mg/day
Start:Reduce 50% dose if w/ diuretic or elderly; Preg-D
Kidney failure in Renals Stenosis (ARB)
Candesartan
58
TX: HF (HTN) Start: 20-40mg/Day
Target Dose= 160mg/day
Start:Reduce 50% dose if w/ diuretic or elderly; Preg-D
Kidney failure in Renals Stenosis (ARB)
Valsartan
59
TX: HF (HTN) Start: 20-50mg/Day
Target Dose= 150mg/day
Start:Reduce 50% dose if w/ diuretic or elderly; Preg-D
Kidney failure in Renals Stenosis (ARB)
Losartan
60
Selectively block Recep. at vessel, prevent vaso constriction. Rarely used as 1st step; Not-monotherapy
Tx: BPH and HTN; Resitant HTN w/ ACEor B-Blocker.AE: Reflex Tachycardia, Edema, CNS, Erectile D.
A1 Adrenergic Blcoking Agents (-sin)
61
A1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents include
- Terazosin
- Doxazosin
- Prazosin (PTSD)
- Tamsulosin (BPH) Only
- Silodosin (BPH Only)
62
Tx: of Hypertension selectively blocks A1 Receptors in vessels. Erectile Dysfunction.
1st Dose should be given at bedtime; Educate to prevent hypotension syncope episode
- Terazosin
| - Doxazosin
63
Tx: PTSD A1 Receptors in vessels. Erectile Dysfunction.
NOT for BPH 1st Dose should be given at bedtime; Educate to prevent hypotension syncope episode;
Prazosin
64
TX: Benign Prostate Hyperplasia
1st Dose should be given at bedtime; Educate to prevent hypotension syncope episode;
- Tamsulosin
| - Silodosin
65
Stimulates presynaptic receptor in the CNS inhibits negative feedback causing peripheral vasodilation
Best w/combo agents diuretics/ACEI; AE=Drowsiness, rebound hypertension, Edema/fluid retention,drymouth
Central A2 Agonist
66
Tx: Hypertension, ADHD and Tourettes ; Combine w/ difficult control HTN; Patch change 1/week
Unlabeled tx: Alcohol/smoke withdrawal, mania, restless leg syndrome ; Abrupt stop= Reflex HTN
CI: Depression, TCAs and geriatrics
Clonidine (Patch available)
67
TX: HTN (1st Line for Pregnancy) Requires TID or QID
AE: Mental deppresion, Dec. concentration, nightmares, constipation, sedation
Methyldopa
68
TX: HTN, TICs, ADHD ; Do not offer advantage over clonidine rarely used
Older agent used in HTN
Guanabenz
| Guanfacine (TIC/ADHD)
69
TX;HTN=Dec. HR and contraction; CHF=Dec. vaso constriction. Blocks Receptors. Abrupt=Rebound HTN
AE: Bradycardia, caution-diabetics, Asthma hytension.
DI: Antagonizes after binding receptor.
Mixed A1 and B
- Carvedilol
- Labetalol
70
TX: HTN and CHF "Mainly" w/food=Dec. Hypotension
Beta-nonselective caution: Asthma and Diabetes
Abrupt rebound HTN if abruptly discontinued
Carvedilol
71
TX: HTN and CHF 2nd Line for Pregnancy
Beta-nonselective caution: Asthma and Diabetes
Abrupt rebound HTN if abruptly discontinued
Labetalol
72
Antogonist for cardio recep. Inhibits Renin SNS; Reduces water retention Rate and Force; African Amer.
TX: HTN, Angina, CHF, Arrythmias (A-Fib), Post-MI, migraine headache, Hyperthyroidism, Pheo, Glaucoma
Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent (-lol) (Beta-blockers)
73
Inhibition @ low doses. In HTN dec. rate/ contraction
do not Restrict bronchioles or reduce glycogenolysis
Greater affinity for cardio and has less effect on asthma and diabetes
Cardio Selective B-Blockers
74
Cardio Selective B-Blockers include
Which has immediate release? which has transition warning?
- Atenolol
- Betaxolol
- Bisprolol
- Metoprolol (Succinate/Tartrate)
- Esmolol (Transition Warning)
75
Non-Selective B-Blockers
- Nadalol
- Propranolol
- Timolol
76
Partial Beta agonist for pts that require Beta Blocker, but do not tolerate bradycardia w/ common B-blocker
AVOID; Post Myocardial Infarct (MI)
Intrinsic Sympathomimetic Activity (ISA)
- Acebutolol
- Penbutolol
- Pindolol
77
Block L-Type Ca++ channels of smooth m. coronary and systemic. Minim. direct cardio effect->compensative HR
TX;HTN in pts w/ Asthma, Diabetes, Angina,Arrythmia, PVD, African Americans; AE: Edema,flushing; 4th line tx
short acting= Inc. risk of MI/reflex tachycardia;combo BB
Dihydropyridine CCBs (-ines)
78
Dihydropyridine CCBs (-ines) includes
- Amlodipine
- Felodipine
- Israpidine
- Nicardipine
- Nifedipine (Only Long Acting)
- Nimodipine (Subarachnoid hemorrhage only)
- Nisoldipine
- Clevidipine
79
Preferred in patients w/ tachycardia and rate control w/ atrial fibrillation who do not tolerate BBs
Non-Dihydropyridines CCBs
- Verapamil
- Diltiazem
80
Least selective of CCB (Nondihy) w/significant effects in Cardio and vascular smooth muscle.
Tx: Angina, SVT-Arrythmia, migraine and cluster HAs
Verapimil
81
Less pronounced Negative Inotropic effects on Heart
| Tx PSVT-arrythmia Aflutter/Fib
Diltiazem
82
Blocks the transport of Epi/Norepi/serotonin; used as adjunct therapy for severe hypertension
AE: CNS S/S. Anxiety, depression or psychosis
Caution: Parkinson's and Asthma
Peripheral Mononamine Antagonist
| -Reserpine
83
Inhibits PDE3 (breaksdown AMP/CAMP)-->Vasodilation and Dec. SVR; Inc.CO w/o HR change. 1/2 life 2-3 hrs
TX for ADHF "BBs" 1. Cold/Dry 2. Alt. Cold/Wet AE: Arrythmia,HoTN,thrombocytopenia
Inotrope
| -Milrinone
84
Inhibits late phase inward Na+ channel in ischemic myocytes. Reduces Na= concentrations reduces Ca++
Tx: Monotherapy if initial tx w/ BBs adverse effects or CI
3rd line agent adjunct to CCBs, BBs, Nitrates; when traditonal meds not effective
Ranolazine
85
Selective B1 Recetor agonist with min.A1 and B2. Inc. CO, Slight peripheral Vasodilation, Pos. Inotropic effect
Tx: ADHF "HoTN" 1; Cold/Wet; in lie of Dopamine if not effective; Declines in efficacy in 48-72hrs; 1/2 lie 2 min
Dobutamine (Inotrope)
86
Agonist agent that is dose dependent on effects of A1, B1, B2, and D1; Avoided in ADHF unless;
Patient is hemodynamically unstable or cardiogenic shock in elevated bventricular pressures
Dopamine
87
Direct Vasodilator; severe HTN who fail triple therapy or other agents precluded from use; Cause Lupus S/S
Tx; HTN ER, HTN control in pregnancy HTN, HF and HTN African American AE:Angina, arrythmia, headache
Hydralizine (PO/IV)
88
Direct vasodilator; when hydralizine maxed, renal failure and severe HTN; Baldness Rogaine.
AE: Tachycardia,palpitations, angina edema, headache
hypertrichosis
Minoxidil
89
coronary dialators relaxes vascular m. veins-dec. preload; N+O+ dependent dec. O2 demand
Tx:Stable Angina;in conjunct w/NonDHP/CCB;Prophylax for exercise;PRN use,immediate onset 1- 3 min ; Tolerance Dev; CI: ICP Reflex tachy, PDE5 viagra or Cialis
Nitrates
90
Tx Prevention of Angina; Better clearence than NTG combo w/ Hydraziline. Add to ACEI and BBs dec mortal
Tabs onset 30min. 8-2hrs duration Sublingual available. TID/QID dosing
Isoborbide Dinitraite (ISDN)
91
Tx: MGNT of chronic stable angina w/ BBs; Better clearence than NTG. Bioavailability 100% no 1st pass
not FDA approved for HF 1/day tablet. 30min. onset 8-12 hrs duration
Isoborbide Monotritrate
92
Tx: Acute Angina .3,.4,.6 mg tabs c 1-5 min Max dose 3 in 15min.
Air and light sensitive CI; Viagra and Sialis, ICP (6 month old=no use) Tolerance dev w/i 24-48 hrs
Nitroglycerin (PO) (Spray)
93
Tx: Chronic Stable Angina 12hrs on 12 hrs off mg release rate.
Air and light sensitive CI; Viagra and Sialis, ICP (6 month old=no use) Tolerance dev w/i 24-48 hrs short1/2
Nitroglycerin (Patch) (Ointment=15mg=1" TID)
94
TX: ADHF 1. Warm and wet 2. Alt.Cold/Wet Hypertensive ER; ischemic HD, MI, HTN post bypass, Acute pulmonary edema; preferred preload redux
PVC tubing/bags absorb med, Severe headache, ICP short half life
Nitroglycerin (I.V)
95
Tx: Severely elevated BP>180/120; not organ damage. Hospital not required. 24-48 BP redux Sympt or Asympt
Redux MAP no > 15%
Hypertensive Urgency
96
Hypertensive Urgency Meds; Specialty of each?
- Clonidine
- Captopril (If pt has HF not pregnant)
- Labetalol (Methyldopa not tolerated or pregnant)
97
Elevated BP life threatening; Dec. BP in min-hrs180/120
W/ evidence of progressive organ damage S/S stroke, crushing chest pain, HA, eye kidney damage, disection
Goal BP;160/100 >in dissection;
Hypertensive emergency
98
Hypertensive ER Vsodilators
- Nitroglycerin I.V *
- Soidum Nitroprusside *
- Hydralazine *
- Fenoldopam
99
Emergency Hyepertensive ACEI (Only one IV) Longer lasting 12-24 hrs onset 15min only
Avoid in decompensated HF or Acute MI
Enalaprit
100
Emergency Hypertensive CCB- Alternative to NTG.
Used in intracerebral hemorrhage/stroke, preclampsia; Not used due to long 1/2 life
Nicardipine PO or IV
101
Emergency Hypertensive Adrenergic Inhibitors B1 Select Short-acting; severe tachy and inc. CO post OP HTN
Caution : Airway disease onset 2 min duration 10-20mi
-Esmolol
102
Emergency Hypertensive Adrenergic Inhibitors B1 Select Short-acting; No reflex tachycardia inc. O2 demand. caution asthma
Preffered in CAD, acute dissection, Intracerebral hemo/stroke or MI Max potency 2 hrs onset=2min 2+hrs
Labetalol
103
ypertensive emergency agent Nitrate onset 2-3 min
AE: cyanide Toxic, inc. ICP, CI: Renal Hepatic failure caution in asthma, acute HF and Heart block
Sodium Nitroprusside
104
Arrhythmia PR prolongation SA impulse slow but reaches AV
1st Degree Block
105
Arrhythmia P wave dropped occasionally. P wave present at times , occasionally dropped
2nd degree HB
106
Arrhythmia SA node never crosses and AV takes over
3rd Degree Block
107
Electrical impulse originating from SA node travels slowly or not at all to AV
Re-entry phenomenon
108
Caused by excessive prolongation of K+ inhibition
Most commonly drug induces . Hypokalemia/manesimia
TX: Mg++
Torsades De Pointes
109
Drugs that induce Torsades
```
Anti-arrhythmics -Amiodorone
Antibiotics- Macrolides, quinolones
Anti-nausea-Odansetron
Antuidepressants/psychotics
Antimigraine- sumatryptan
```
110
Types of Atrial Arrhythmias
```
Supraventricular
A-Fib: HF, Ischemic stroke (head)
A-flutter
PSVT
PACs Premature Atrial Contractions
```
111
Types of Ventricle Arrhythmias
Arrythmias
Vtac-Vfib
Torsades de Pointes
PVCs
112
Slow the efflux of K+ during repolarization--> length in refratory period--> Dec. velocity
Na Channel Blocker TX:A-fib and A-flutter
(Dec. use due to proarrhythmias)
Class IA
- Disopyramide
- Quinidine
- Procainamide
113
Weak sodium channel blocker Shortens repolirization decreases refractory period. Local anesthetics agents
Tx: Ventricular Tachy/arrhythmia CI;3rd degree HB
Class IB
- LIdocaine
- Mexiletene
114
Potent NA channel blocker; slows conduction while not affecting refractory period;
TX: supra ventricular arrythmias (A-FIB /FLutter)
DI: Digoxin CI:HF,CAD
Class I C
- Flecainide (Pill in pocket)
- Propafenone (Pill in pocket)
115
Block Catecholamines; caution Asthma, DM, lipid abn.
TX: DOC AFIB/Flutter following MI
```
Class II
Atenolol
Propanolol
Esmolol
Metoprolol
```
116
Prolong Phase III prolongs duration of action potential and refractory period; rythm rate control
TX: Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias
(potential induce arrhythmias)
Class III
- Amiodorone (Iodine based and CI: 3rd deg. Block)
- Sotolol (CI: 2nd 3r deg Block and HF)
- Ubutilide (Excellent:Atrial FIb/Flutter)
- Dofetilide (specialized training rqd)
117
Block L time calcium
Tx More Atrial than Ventricular AE;induces AV blocks
Class IV
- Verapimil
- Diltiazem
118
Cardiac Glycoside inhibits Na+K+ ATPase Increses force stimulates vagus nerve slows SA and AV node
High toxicity Dev. Not for Renal Dfx pts. very narrow therapeutic window DI;Many (K+) DOC= PSVT
Digoxin
119
Tx : PSVT DI theophylline AE: Asystole, chest tightness burning or SOB IV Push w/ flush
Adenosine
120
Beta Blockers used for heart failure
- Carvediolol and Carvedilol CR
- Metoprolol Succinate succinate
- Bisoprolol
121
Starting Dose= 1.25mg/day Target Dose= 10mg/day
Bisoprolol
122
Starting Dose= 3.125mg BID Target Dose=25mg BID
Carveidolol (10-80 for CR)
123
Starting Dose= 12.5-25mg/D Target Dose=200mg/D
Metoprolol
