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Neuro Exam II > Exam II > Flashcards

Exam II Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Can’t recognize faces

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2
Q

Alexia

A

Inability to read

Impaired lip reading

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3
Q

Apperceptive Agnosia

A

failure of object recognition in which basically visual functions are preserved. inability to develop a percept of the structure of and object. some cases they are unable to copy or match shapes

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4
Q

Associative Agnosia

A

Can perceive objects, but cannot identify them
Results from lesions to the anterior temporal lobes
could copy an image, but then couldn’t tell you what the drew

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5
Q

Cognitive Spatial Map

A

Route knowledge, unconscious knowledge of how to reach a destination

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6
Q

Asymbolia for pain

A

Absence of normal reactions to pain

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7
Q

Finger Agnosia

A

Unable to point to the fingers or show them to the examiner

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8
Q

Dyscalculia

A

Difficulties with arithmetic

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9
Q

Apraxia

A

Movement disorder in which the loss of movement is not caused by weakness, inability to move, abnormal muscle tone, intellectual deterioration, poor comprehension, or other disorders of movement

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10
Q

Astereognosis

A

Inability to recognize an object by touch

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11
Q

Afferent paresis

A

Clumsy finger movements due to lack of feedback about finger position

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12
Q

Simultaneous Extinction

A

Two stimuli are applied simultaneously to opposite sides of the body
A failure to report a stimulus on one side is referred to as extinction

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13
Q

Blind Touch

A

Cannot feel stimuli, but can report their location

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14
Q

Ideomotor Apraxia

A

Cannot copy serial movements

More likely to be associated with left parietal lesions

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15
Q

Constructional Apraxia

A

Cannot copy pictures, build puzzles, or copy a series of facial movements
Associated with right and left parietal lesions

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16
Q

Lesions to the postcentral gyrus produce:

A

Abnormally high sensory thresholds
Impaired position sense
Deficits in stereognosis, or tactile perception

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17
Q

Posterior Parietal Lobe Damage

A 
Gerstmann Syndrome
Finger agnosia
Right-Left Confusion
Agraphia
Acalculia
Results from a left parietal lobe lesion
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18
Q

Agraphia

A

inability to write

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19
Q

Cross-Modal Matching

A

Process of matching visual and auditory information
Depends on cortex of the superior temporal sulcus
Does what you see match what you are hearing

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20
Q

Formants

A

Where speech sounds come from, three restricted ranges of frequencies

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21
Q

Antereograde Amnesia

A

Amnesia for events after bilateral removal of the medial temporal lobes
Have an event a person can remember the memories after that event
Ex: hit head and then cant remember anything after
Big with concussions

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22
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Cannot remember what happened before an event

EX: hit head and don’t remember anything before

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23
Q

Function of the Hippocampus

A

Spatial Memory

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24
Q

Biological Motion

A

Movements relevant to a species
Allow us to guess others’ intentions
Social Cognition or “theory of mind”

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25
Left temporal lobe
Verbal memory | Speech Processing
26
Right temporal lobe
Nonverbal Memory Musical Processing Facial Processing
27
What is another name for the Inferior Frontal Cortex?
Orbitofrontal cortex
28
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
planning, selecting, being able to ignore distractors, memory, executive functioning
29
Infantile Amnesia
Not having the language to remember memories
30
Autonoetic Awareness
Our ability to mentally place ourselves in the past, future or in the hypothetical situations and to help us analyze our own thoughts
31
Corollary Discharge or reafference
- Internal neural signal that movement will occur - Frontal lobe damage disrupts corollary discharge - signal from the frontal lobe to the parietal and temporal association cortex that presets the sensory system to anticipate a motor act, thus the sensory system can interpret changes in the external world in light of information about voluntary movement
32
Agrammatism
Impaired ability to use verbs and use appropriate grammar
33
Convergent thinking
Only one answer to the question
34
Divergent thinking
Questions that ask for a variety of responses | Frontal lobe patients are impaired on this
35
Recency Memory
Tests memory for the order in which things have occurred | Frontal lobe patients show impairment on this task
36
What are the principal regions of the Parietal lobe?
``` Postcentral gyrus Superior parietal lobule Parietal Operculum Supramarginal gyrus Angular gyrus ```
37
What lobe do the Supramarginal gyrus and Angular gyrus make up?
The Inferior parietal lobe
38
What does the intraparitel sulcus control?
saccadic eye movements and visual control of object- direct grasping
39
What are the 2 brand functional zones in the parietal lobe?
anterior (somatosensory cortex) and posterior parietal cortex
40
What are the parietal lobes function?
guiding limb movements to place the hand in specific spatial locations and spatial cognition (ex: arithmetic and reading)
41
Calcarine Sulcus
Contains much of primary visual cortex | Separates upper and lower visual fields
42
Somatosensory strip
To area PE - Tactile recognition | To motor regions - sensory information about limb position and movement
43
Anterior Zones
process somatic sensations and perceptions
44
Posterior Zones
integrate information from vision with somatosensory information for movement
45
How many functional zones is the partial lobe made up of?
2
46
How many functional zones is the temporal lobe made up of?
4
47
What are the functional zones of the temporal lobe
Superior temporal gyrus inferotemporal cortex amygdala hippocampus and associated cortex
48
Which zone in the temporal lobe is for auditory processes?
Superior temporal gyrus
49
Which zone in the temporal lobe is for visual processes?
inferotemporal cortex
50
Which zone in the temporal lobe is for emotion?
amygdala
51
Which zone in the temporal lobe is for spatial navigation and spatial object memory?
hippocampus and associated cortex
52
What are the functions of the temporal lobe?
uses spatial location both as a feature of object recognition, developing memories for object location, processes auditory information (speed and frequency), language processing
53
Dorsal Stream
Visual guidance of movements output to parietal lobe EX: reaching for soda
54
Ventral Stream
Object Perception output to inferior temporal lobe EX: helping label
55
STS
Visuospatial Functions output to the superior temporal sulcus(STS) EX: visual perception of the spatial relationships of objects
56
What are the visual pathways in the occipital lobe after V2?
Dorsal stream, Ventral Stream, STS
57
5 categories of vision
1. Vision for action 2. Action for vision 3. Visual recognition 4. Visual space 5. Visual attention
58
Vision for action
Parietal visual areas in the dorsal stream | EX: reaching, ducking, catching
59
Action for Vision
visual scanning, eye movements and selective attention
60
Visual recognition
temporal lobes, object recognition
61
Visual space
parietal and temporal lobes, spatial location EX: location of an object relative to a person (egocentric space) Location to an object relative to another (allocentric space)
62
Visual attention
selective attention for specific visual input, parietal lobes guide movements and temporal lobes help in object recognition
63
Connections of the Visual Cortex
primary visual cortex, secondary visual cortex, after V2
64
What is after the V2?
three parallel pathways en route to the parietal cortex, multimodal superior temporal sulcus, and inferior temporal
65
Simultaneous extinction
Somatoperceptual disorder in which two stimuli would be reported if applied singly, but only one would be reported if both were applied together; second stage of recovery from contralateral neglect characterized by response to stimuli on the neglected side as if there were a simultaneous stimulation on the contralateral side
66
Autonoetic awareness
the ability to consciously place oneself in time periods such as the past, future, or alternate events that are based on personal experiences. Awareness of one's self, self-knowledge
67
What does the prefrontal cortex do?
Area of the frontal lobe that receives input from the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus
68
Where is the motor cortex?
In front of parietal lobe
69
Internal Cues
Temporal memory: Memory for what has just happened
70
External Cues
Feedback about rewarding properties of stimuli | Orbital Frontal Cortex - Learning by association
71
What does the right side of the frontal lobe do?
Nonverbal movements, facial expression | Retrieving memories
72
What does the left side of the frontal lobe do?
``` Language Encoding memories (with language, verbally) ```
73
Symptoms of Frontal Lobe Lesions
Increased perseveration (repeat or prolong an action, thought, or utterance after the stimulus that prompted it has ceased) Inability to form a strategy Larger deficit when completing novel tasks Loss of response inhibition Take more risks/break rules Deficits in self-regulation Loss of associative learning Inability to select from competing responses
74
What do the anterior zones in the parietal lobe do?
process somatic sensations and perceptions
75
What do the posterior zones in the parietal lobe do?
integrate information from vision with somatosensory information for movement
76
Medial parietal region (MPR)
Neurons show responses associated with making a specific movement at a specific location
77
Area of the frontal lobe that receives input from the dorsomedial nucleus of the thalamus
Prefrontal Coretx
78
What does the motor cortex do?
Projects to spinal motor neurons, cranial nerves that control the face Projects to the basal ganglia and the red nucleus Important for voluntary motor coordination
79
What are symptoms of Frontal Lobe Lesions
Take more risks/ break rules Deficits in self-regulation Loss of associative learning Inability to select from competing responses
80
Pseudodepression
Appears after lesions of the left frontal lobe Outward apathy, indifference, loss of initiative Reduced sexual interest, Little or no verbal output
81
Pseudopsychopathy
Appears after lesions of the right frontal lobe Immature behavior, lack of tact and restraint Promiscuous sexual behavior Coarse language, lack of social graces, increased motor activity

Neuro Exam II (1 decks)

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