EXAM II (First impressions, Occlusion, Types of Clinical Examination, Dental materials & their uses)

Question 1

The communications skills needed for patient-centered care include:

1. Eliciting the patients agenda with ______ (especially early on)
2. Not _______ the patient
3. Engaging in ________

Answer 1

1. open-ended questions
2. interuppting
3. focused active listening

Question 2

Learning how to improve communications skills will make you a better dentist enabling:

Answer 2

You to better understand the patients needs

Question 3

As a provider, you need to try and minimizes _____ to mutual understanding

Answer 3

Barriers

Question 4

As a dentist you treat _____ not ____

Answer 4

Patients; teeth

Question 5

The most important tool in dentistry:

Answer 5

Communication

Question 6

What are the five benefits of a good patient-doctor relationship:

Answer 6

1. More likely to follow recommendations
2. More likely to pay bills on time
3. More likely to refer others to your practice
4. Reduces anxiety- both patients and yours
5. Less likely to sue

Question 7

Often in dental school its taught that simply providing info is enough to change a patients behavior. Why is this not true?

Answer 7

1. Need to motivate patient
2. Need to teach/show a patient the VALUE of dentistry

Question 8

68-70% of medical litigation cases cited ______ as the primary cause

Answer 8

communication

Question 9

What are the outcomes of good communication between patient & dentist? (4)

Answer 9

1. Build trust
2. Reduces anxiety
3. Pt & Dr are on same page
4. Increase patient satisfaction (and therefore your satisfaction)

Question 10

Having good communication with your patient means that, you have to ______ before you _____ and you pave your way with _____

Answer 10

inform; perform; words

Question 11

Identify the seven tools to effectively communicate with your patient:

Answer 11

1. Body language
2. Interactions
3. Proper respect
4. Patience
5. Mechanics
6. Simple written instructions
7. Ample time

Question 12

How might you use body language as a tool to effectively communicate with your patient?

Answer 12

1. Have body at same level as patients
2. Eye contact
3. Face them while speaking

Question 13

How can you make your interactions easier as a tool for effectively communicating with a patient?

Answer 13

1. Keep sentences/questions short
2. Stay on one topic at a time
3. Use clear terms

Question 14

What are some ways to offer proper respect to your patient as a tool for effective communication with a patient?

Answer 14

1. Accommodate their requests
2. Offer them choices (rather than speaking in commands)
3. Strive to help them maintain their dignity

Question 15

What are some reasons that may require you to have extra patience with a patient?

Answer 15

Due to their age, physical or cognitive difficulties, they may move and speak more slowly

Question 16

How might you use having patience with a patient as a tool of effective communication?

Answer 16

Give them time to speak and move at their own pace

Question 17

Positive patient communication is NOT ______

Answer 17

Rushed

Question 18

What are some ways to monitor your mechanics as a tool for effective communication?

Answer 18

1. Speak clearly & slowly
2. Speak louder than usual (w/o yelling)
3. Enunciate complex words
4. Use simple language as much as possible

Question 19

Providing _______ when necessary (post-op instructions / treament plans) is a tool for effective communication

Answer 19

simple written instructions

Question 20

What is a tool of effective communication that can help your patient to feel like a valued partner in the management of their care?

Answer 20

Giving your patient ample time to respond or ask questions

Question 21

What is perceived, not necessarily what transpired:

Answer 21

Perception

Question 22

What is one key to the patients perception of the situation.

Answer 22

Organization- remembering how it looks to the patient

Question 23

_____, ______ & _____ all factor in to how a patients perception on the situation

Answer 23

Delivery, Emotion, Body language

Question 24

What do we mean by “delivery” when talking about patients perception?

Provide some examples:

Answer 24

How words are spoken

• vocal quality
• tone
• pitch
• emphasis
• volume
• pause inflection

Question 25

What are some examples of aspects that contribute to body language?

Answer 25

Stance, posture, gesture, use of space

Question 26

list the three aspects of perception:

Answer 26

1. delivery 2. emotion 3. body language

Question 27

Nonverbal perception is:

Answer 27

Facial/emotional

Question 28

A fake smile is considered a ___ smile A genuine smile is considered a _____ smile

Answer 28

Social; Duchenne

Question 29

A genuine smile involves:

Answer 29

Eye muscles

Question 30

Name of genuine smile person:

Answer 30

Duchenne Du Bolonge

Question 31

- Uh - You know - Right - Okay - Clearing throat - Monotone

Answer 31

Unconscious personal habits: vocal/hearing include

Question 32

Raising eyebrows, fiddling with glasses, hair, beard or earrings:

Answer 32

Unconscious personal habits: Facial/emotional

Question 33

Spinning pen, foot-tapping, fingernail-tapping, rocking & hand gestures:

Answer 33

Unconscious personal habits

Question 34

What should you do with your hands while speaking?

Answer 34

- folded - behind back - Akimbo (hands on hips & elbows out) - Fig leaf (placing hands infront of midsection)

Question 35

Identify non-verbals that promote good conversation:

Answer 35

1. Appropriate space (arms length) 2. Eye contact 3. Eye level 4. smile

Question 36

Office distractions including multi-tasking, chart-reviewing & staff interuptions are all examples of:

Answer 36

Roadblocks to good listneing

Question 37

Identify the verbals that promote good conversation:

Answer 37

1. open-ended questions 2. use Mr. Mrs. or Ms. unless they ask you to do so otherwise 3. Don't rush 4. Give patient a chance to talk

Question 38

Identify the verbals that inhibit good conversation:

Answer 38

1. Rushing to diagnose- let patient be a part in the decision making 2. Asking close-ended questions

Question 39

Arrogance, sarcasm, high-pressure marketing can all be considered:

Answer 39

Negative dentist, attitudes

Question 40

- Making sure the patient is comfortable - Being flexible to ensure patient acceptance - Leaving time for emergency visits These are all ways for a dentist to be:

Answer 40

Accomodating

Question 41

Identify some reasons patients avoid dental care:

Answer 41

1. Previous dental experiences 2. Dental anxiety

Question 42

When should you typically communicate with other faculty:

Answer 42

Usually away from the patient

Question 43

Reasons for dental anxiety: (3)

Answer 43

1. Choking (gagging & suction) 2. Embarrassment (being judged, scared of lecture & feeling that teeth can't be saved) 3. Parents (bad experiences when young)

Question 44

What are the three initial contact questions you should be asking:

Answer 44

1. How long since your last dental visit 2. What kind of past treatment? How was it? 3. Do you have any concerns about receiving dental treatment?

Question 45

Physiological signs of dental anxiety: (3)

Answer 45

1. Perspiration (forehead, hands, palms, upper-lip, under-arms) 2. Cardiovascular (BP & HR) 3. Respiration (Rate & depth)

Question 46

1. Explain procedures before starting 2. Give specific info during procedures 3. Give reassurance 4. Give the patient some control (such as raising hand if they feel pain) 5. Provide distraction 6. Build trust 7. Show personal warmth 8. Stress-reduction protocol These are all:

Answer 46

Ways to reduce anxiety

Question 47

A condition in which there is a deflection from the normal relation of the teeth to other teeth in the same arch and/or to teeth in the opposing arch:

Answer 47

Malocclusion

Question 48

Angles classification was developed in _____ by _____-

Answer 48

1899; Edward H. Angle

Question 49

Angle's classification is based on the relationship of the _____

Answer 49

The MB CUSP of the maxillary 1st molar & the BUCCAL GROOVE of the mandibular first molar

Question 50

Describe Angle's Class I:

Answer 50

MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar BISECTS buccal groove of mandibular 1st molar

Question 51

MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar bissects buccal groove of mandibular 1st molar:

Answer 51

Angle's class I

Question 52

Same as normal occlusion, but characterized by crowding, rotations, and other positional irregularities:

Answer 52

Class I- Malocclusion

Question 53

A Class I- malocclusion is the same as normal occlusion but is characterized by _____, _____ & other ______

Answer 53

Crowding, rotations & other positional irregularities

Question 54

This image shows:

Answer 54

Class I- with severe crowding & labially errupted canines

Question 55

Describe Angle's Class II:

Answer 55

MB CUSP of maxillary 1st molar is MESIAL to mandibular 1st molar's BUCCAL GROOVE

Question 56

Angle's class II in simple terms can be described as:

Answer 56

Overbite

Question 57

MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar is MESIAL to mandibular 1st molars BUCCAL GROOVE

Answer 57

Angle's Class II

Question 58

Diagnose this occlusion:

Answer 58

Angle's Class II

Question 59

Diagnose this occlusion:

Answer 59

Top: Normal occlusion Bottom: Class I- malocclusion

Question 60

Diagnose this occlusion:

Answer 60

Angle's Class II

Question 61

Describe Angle's class III:

Answer 61

MB cusp of maxillary 1st molar is DISTAL to the BUCCAL GROOVE of mandibular 1st molar

Question 62

Angle's class III in simple terms can be described as:

Answer 62

Underbite

Question 63

Diagnose this occlusion:

Answer 63

Class III- malocclusion

Question 64

The HORIZONTAL overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors:

Answer 64

Overjet

Question 65

When discussing overjet & overbite, we are describing the relationships between what teeth?

Answer 65

Maxillary & mandibular central incisors

Question 66

Overjet is measured using:

Answer 66

Periodontal probe

Question 67

A typical measurement for overjet:

Answer 67

Usually 2-3 mm

Question 68

The VERTICAL overlap of the maxillary central incisors over the mandibular central incisors:

Answer 68

Overbite

Question 69

Overjet is describing a _____ overlap while overbite is describing a _______ overlap

Answer 69

Overjet= horizontal Overbite= vertical

Question 70

How much of the maxillary teeth cover up the mandibular teeth would describe:

Answer 70

Overbite

Question 71

The amount of overbite is measured using:

Answer 71

Periodontal probe vertically

Question 72

A typical overbite measurement:

Answer 72

Usually 2-3 mm or approximately 20-30% of the heigh of the mandibular incisors

Question 73

A is showing: B is showing:

Answer 73

A= Overbite B= Overjet

Question 74

Diagnose this image:

Answer 74

Anterior crossbite

Question 75

Diagnose this image:

Answer 75

Posterior crossbite

Question 76

Diagnose this image:

Answer 76

Posterior crossbite

Question 77

ETW:

Answer 77

Erosive tooth wear

Question 78

Generally, ETW is classified according to the specific:

Answer 78

Mechanism that is responsible for the wear

Question 79

Mechanisms of wear that are responsible for ETW:

Answer 79

1. Erosion 2. Abfraction 3. Abrasion 4. Attrition

Question 80

The etiology of dental wear is multifactorial with complex relationships between three types of wear, including:

Answer 80

1. Attrition 2. Erosion 3. Abrasion

Question 81

Evidence of occlusal wear/trauma include:

Answer 81

1. Wear facets 2. Broken restorations 3. Chipped teeth

Question 82

List the evidence of Bruxism: (5)

Answer 82

1. Bony ridges-exostosis, tori 2. Recession 3. Abfraction 4. Broken teeth & restorations 5. Excessive attrition

Question 83

Describe the abfraction seen in bruxism:

Answer 83

Loss in cervical area

Question 84

This image shows evidence of:

Answer 84

Bruxism

Question 85

Mechanical wear of the incisal or occlusal surface as a result of functional or para-functional movements of the mandible (tooth-to-tooth contact):

Answer 85

Attrition

Question 86

Bruxism accelerates _______

Answer 86

Attrition

Question 87

Attrition can be _______ related

Answer 87

Age

Question 88

In attrition occlusal surface match _______ and usually have a similar degree of wear

Answer 88

Jaw movements

Question 89

Diagnose this image:

Answer 89

Attrition

Question 90

Cervical wedge-shaped defects in teeth:

Answer 90

Abfraction

Question 91

Bruxism resulting in cervical loss of the cervical area of the tooth under the flexure load:

Answer 91

Abfraction

Question 92

Abfraction can be described as:

Answer 92

Physical wear

Question 93

Diagnose this image

Answer 93

Abfraction

Question 94

A form of physical wear along the gingival margin that is not caused by bacterial acid activity

Answer 94

Abfraction

Question 95

What is the shape of the defects in abfraction and where are they located?

Answer 95

Wedge-shaped; cervical portion of the tooth right by the gingiva

Question 96

Diagnose this image:

Answer 96

Abfraction

Question 97

Abnormal surface loss resulting from direct frictional forces between the teeth & external object or from frictional forces between contacting teeth in the presence of an abrasive medium:

Answer 97

Abrasion

Question 98

Abrasion is abnormal surface loss, resulting from ______ between the teeth and external objects, or from _____ between contacting teeth in the presence of an ________

Answer 98

Direct frictional forces; frictional forces; abrasive medium

Question 99

What may cause abrasion: (3)

Answer 99

1. improper brushing techniques 2. Habits 3. Vigorous use of toothpicks

Question 100

What is the most common cause for abrasion?

Answer 100

Improper brushing techniques

Question 101

Abrasion due to improper brushing techniques typically results in:

Answer 101

V-shaped notch in the gingival 1/3 of the tooth

Question 102

What is an example of a habit that may lead to abrasion?

Answer 102

Holding a pipe stem between the teeth

Question 103

Interproximal abrasion may be due to:

Answer 103

Toothpicks

Question 104

Incisal notching abrasion may be due to:

Answer 104

Nails, pipe

Question 105

Cervical abrasion may be due to:

Answer 105

Toothbrushing

Question 106

What are three locations for abrasion?

Answer 106

1. Interproximal 2. Incisal notching 3. Cervical

Question 107

Diagnose this image (be specific):

Answer 107

Interproximal abrasion

Question 108

Wear or loss of tooth structure by chemicomechanical action:

Answer 108

Erosion

Question 109

Erosion is wear or loss of tooth structure by:

Answer 109

Chemicomechanical action

Question 110

Where is erosion seen on the tooth?

Answer 110

Facial & lingual

Question 111

What are some causes of facial erosion of teeth?

Answer 111

Lemons, chlorine

Question 112

What is the main cause of lingual erosion?

Answer 112

Bulimia

Question 113

Diagnose this image (be specific):

Answer 113

Facial erosion

Question 114

Diagnose tis image (be specific): What might this be caused by?

Answer 114

Lingual erosion; bulimia

Question 115

What are oral signs of bulimia?

Answer 115

1. "Raised" amalgams 2. Thermal sensitivity

Question 116

This image is showing a patient with potential:

Answer 116

Bulimia

Question 117

Describe what might occur to the dentition of a bulimic patient: (3)

Answer 117

1. Thinning or chipping of incisal edges 2. Anterior open bite 3. Loss of vertical dimension

Question 118

The foundation of any form of successful treatment is:

Answer 118

Accurate diagnosis

Question 119

The bridge between the study of disease and the treatment of illness:

Answer 119

Diagnosis

Question 120

You should always _____ before you perform

Answer 120

Inform

Question 121

If it isnt written:

Answer 121

It didn't happen

Question 122

Types of clinical examinations include: (5)

Answer 122

1. Comprehensive dental diagnosis 2. Periodic/recall diagnosis 3. Diagnosis of a specific problem 4. Emergency diagnosis 5. Screening diagnosis

Question 123

The diagnostic method can modified to most effectively:

Answer 123

Address the needs of the patient

Question 124

- Pain, acute infection, bleeding, or traumatic injury require immediate attention These are all:

Answer 124

Chief complaints that require immediate care

Question 125

A chief complain can be something that requires immediate care or can also be:

Answer 125

a request for less urgent care

Question 126

In the C.C., patients may report several complaints, which are listed in order of priority:

Answer 126

As stated by the patient

Question 127

C.C.:

Answer 127

Chief complaint

Question 128

What is the most extensive diagnostic treatment?

Answer 128

Comprehensive dental diagnosis

Question 129

A comprehensive dental diagnosis may also be called:

Answer 129

Initial diagnosis or IOE

Question 130

What would be the reasons to classify the appointment as a "Comprehensive Dental Diagnosis"

Answer 130

1. Patient who wants total dental care who has not previously been seen 2. Patient of record who has not been seen for 3-5 years 3. Patient of record who has had major change in medical/dental history

Question 131

The part of the comprehensive dental diagnosis that starts the minute you see the patient:

Answer 131

Physical exam & assessment

Question 132

In a comprehensive dental diagnosis, when you are asking the patient about systemic disease, surgeries, current medications, & allergies:

Answer 132

Detailed medical history

Question 133

When taking a detailed medical history, it is important to ask about what types of medications:

Answer 133

Both RX & OTC

Question 134

When you are taking a detailed medical history in a comprehensive dental diagnosis, this is when you establish:

Answer 134

ASA class

Question 135

After getting the detailed medical history in a comprehensive dental diagnosis, it is now time for:

Answer 135

Intra/extra oral evaluation & Perioral conditions

Question 136

Following the intra/extra oral evaluation & noting perioral condition, what is the next step of a comprehensive dental diagnosis?

Answer 136

Dental radiographs

Question 137

What dental radiographs are obtained during a comprehensive dental diagnosis?

Answer 137

FMXR vs. Pano & BWX

Question 138

Following taking radiographs in a comprehensive dental diagnosis, the next step is to:

Answer 138

Making diagnostic casts

Question 139

The data obtained in a comprehensive dental diagnosis is of value because:

Answer 139

It serves as the patients initial status which serve for comparison later in assessing treatment effectiveness

Question 140

Comprehensive dental diagnosis require _______ but it reliably provides a _______ for comprehensive dental care

Answer 140

Considerable time; sound diagnostic foundation

Question 141

A comprehensive dental diagnosis can _______ by documentation of the patients initial status if treatment complications occur & lead to accusations of sub-standard care

Answer 141

Protect the clinician

Question 142

Periodic diagnosis may also be referred to as a:

Answer 142

Recall diagnosis

Question 143

This type of appointment is appropriate for a patient who requests total dental care when the results of a prior comprehensive dental diagnosis are available:

Answer 143

Periodic diagnosis

Question 144

What is the assumption regarding the prior comprehensive exam when seeing a patient for a periodic diagnosis:

Answer 144

The assumption is that a portion of past information in still accurate, but other aspects of the patients medical/dental history may have changed

Question 145

A periodic recall diagnosis ususally is a ______ interval

Answer 145

6-month

Question 146

What is the goal of a periodic diagnosis:

Answer 146

Goal is to identify conditions that have changed & supplement the prior database so that it reflects the patients current status

Question 147

A periodic diagnosis can be as simple as _______ or as complex as ______

Answer 147

Simple as asking patient if there has been any changes since the last appointment or as complex as repeating most of the comprehensive dental diagnosis

Question 148

What is ALWAYS a good practice regardless of the time interval between appointments with a patient:

Answer 148

Asking if there has been any changes since the last appointment

Question 149

In a periodic diagnosis examination, if a different clinician conducted the original diagnosis, the current dentist must:

Answer 149

Must confirm the accuracy of prior data & record current findings prior to diagnostic decisions

Question 150

If someone comes in with a specific problem, this appointment type would be considered:

Answer 150

Diagnosis of a specific problem (or limited exam)

Question 151

The diagnosis of a specific problem (limited exam) is _____ focused:

Answer 151

problem

Question 152

For a recently evaluated patient, a diagnosis of a specific problem/limited exam serves as a:

Answer 152

Second opinion

Question 153

The ______ is an effective approach to such situations if the available diagnostic database is current & accurate (during diagnosis of a specific problem/limited exam)

Answer 153

SOAP evaluation

Question 154

_____ form is in Axium

Answer 154

SOAP

Question 155

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: The reason for the evaluation:

Answer 155

CC (Chief complaint)

Question 156

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: Information or symptoms of the condition as supply by the patient. Patient's chief concern or complaint. It is recorded in the PATIENTS OWN WORDS

Answer 156

S: Subjective

Question 157

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: Physical findings of the clinician. Includes visual finding, periodontal assessment, clinical tests (percussion, palpations, vitality tests.)

Answer 157

O: Objective

Question 158

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: Clinical impression of the condition by the clinician. THIS IS THE DIAGNOSIS

Answer 158

A: Analysis

Question 159

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: Recommended management of the problem. May be specific treatment, referral, or dismissal of the condition as clinically insignificant

Answer 159

P: Plan

Question 160

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: "Tootheach on the upper right for the last 2 weeks- getting worse." Patient reports pain to cold & hot, duration 5-10 minutes, loss of sleep & requires Motrin 3-4x day.

Answer 160

S: Subjective

Question 161

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: Grossly decayed #3 (+) response to percussion & palpation, (-) swelling, mobility.

Answer 161

O: Objective

Question 162

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: Caries, necrotic pulp, - tooth is restorable

Answer 162

A: Analysis

Question 163

What category of a SOAP note is this information classified as: Discussed treatment options including RCT and crown vs. extraction. Risk/benefits of each procedure explained. Patient refers RCT & understands that the tooth may need crown lengthening procedure

Answer 163

P: Plan

Question 164

A SOAP note would be used in what type of examination:

Answer 164

Diagnosis of specific problem/limited exam

Question 165

Type of appointment that is designed to manage a chief complaint such as pain, bleeding, or acute infection that required immediate attention:

Answer 165

Emergency diagnosis

Question 166

In an emergency diagnosis, the ________ is sacrificed in the interest of providing attention to the ______

Answer 166

Comprehensive diagnostic evaluation; urgent problem

Question 167

In an emergency diagnosis appointment, the physical examination is limited to:

Answer 167

The chief complaint

Question 168

In an emergency diagnosis, the patients CC can be demanding & interfere with:

Answer 168

Obtaining an adequate patient history

Question 169

Type of appointment in which specific questions about the patient are answered:

Answer 169

Screening diagnosis

Question 170

In this type of appointment, the evaluation is limited to obtaining the information needed to answer the question without accepting comprehensive diagnosis or treatment responsibility for the patient:

Answer 170

Screening diagnosis

Question 171

Institutions often rely on a screening diagnosis to determine:

Answer 171

The patient's general dental treatment needs

Question 172

_____ is the most common symptom arising in the mouth, face & neck area

Answer 172

Pain

Question 173

Most common reasons for emergency appointements:

Answer 173

Pain

Question 174

Pain is ______ & unlike an ulcer, there may be nothing to assess ______

Answer 174

Subjecive; Visually

Question 175

In order to diagnose pain, you need to be _____ and have _____

Answer 175

A good listener; have good follow-up questions

Question 176

What questions would you as a provider would you as a provider ask a patient regarding their pain? (7)

Answer 176

1. How would you describe the pain? 2. When did you first notice the pain? 3. Is the pain continuous or does it go away? 4. Does it wake you up at night? 5. Has it gotten better, worse or stayed the same? 6. Have you taken anything for the pain? 7. Anything make it worse? Anything make it better?

Question 177

Descriptive words for pain:

Answer 177

- Dull/throbbing - Sharp/stabbing - Burning

Question 178

Pain arising from pathology is usually:

Answer 178

Unilateral

Question 179

Other symptoms related to pain that may indicate an infective origin: (7)

Answer 179

1. Swelling 2. Discharge 3. Bad taste 4. Bad breath 5. Elevated temperature 6. Malaise 7. Cervical lymphadenopathy

Question 180

Dental biocompatibility works both ways meaning:

Answer 180

The material may affect the environment and/or the environment may affect the material

Question 181

The material must be of benefit to the patient and above all, the patient must be:

Answer 181

Safe from any adverse reactions

Question 182

The biological reaction can take place at either:

Answer 182

1. At the local level 2. Far removed from the contact site

Question 183

What is an example of a biological reaction taking place at a local level:

Answer 183

Injection site rxn

Question 184

What is an example of a biological reaction that occurs far removed from the site of contact:

Answer 184

Systemically-adverse Rx

Question 185

Adverse reaction from acrylic monomer in denture:

Answer 185

Denture stomatitis (a systemic reaction)

Question 186

Systemic reactions to a biocompatibility reaction may not always be:

Answer 186

readily apparent

Question 187

What are some examples of systemically-adverse reactions that may not always be readily apparent:

Answer 187

1. Dermatological 2. Immune-mediated 3. Neural reactions

Question 188

What is the most common reaction to dental staff:

Answer 188

Hand/facial dermatitis or respiratory symptoms

Question 189

List the possible interactions between dental restorative material and the biological environment: (4)

Answer 189

1. Postoperative sensitivity 2. Toxicity 3. Corrosion 4. Hypersensitivity/allergy

Question 190

What interaction between dental material & the biological environment is being described below: Nanomaterial (size of 1-100nm) growing concern about their biosecurity & crossing the blood-brain barrier & going to the central nervous system

Answer 190

Toxicity

Question 191

What interaction between dental material & the biological environment is being described below: Amalgam or its components may cause type IV (usually 24-48 hours after exposure) on the oral mucosa

Answer 191

Hypersensitivity/Allergy

Question 192

If amalgam causes a hypersensitivity reaction: 1. What type of hypersensitivity reaction is this 2. When will it likely occur 3. Where does it likely occur

Answer 192

1. Type IV 2. 24-48 hours after exposure 3. Oral mucosa

Question 193

In the study regarding contact allergies to dental materials: 1. What were the most common allergies to? 2. What were the most common allergens 3. What did denture resins show?

Answer 193

1. metals 2. nickel & cobalt 3. Mucosal changes, contact stomatitis & burning sensations in the mouth

Question 194

Some patients can develop allergic/hypersensitivity reactions to even very small quantities of:

Answer 194

Metals

Question 195

Even in very small quanities, some patients will develop an allergic/hypersensitivity reactions to the following metals: (3)

Answer 195

1. Mercury 2. Nickel 3. Cobalt

Question 196

Direct contact of oral mucosa to this material can cause oral lichenoid lesions (OLL):

Answer 196

Mercury

Question 197

Chronic inflammatory lesion on the oral mucosa, can be caused by exposure to mercury:

Answer 197

OLL (Oral Lichenoid Lesion)

Question 198

In order to determine if a patient can tolerate ______ we should ask if they can wear costume jewelry:

Answer 198

Nickel

Question 199

What is the diagnosis of the following image?

Answer 199

Oral lichen planus

Question 200

What can be seen in the following image?

Answer 200

Amalgam tattoo

Question 201

What is the diagnosis of the following image?

Answer 201

Mucosal Melanoma

Question 202

A rare but highly aggressive neoplasma of the oral cavity

Answer 202

Mucosal melanoma

Question 203

One of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis & produces ore allergic reactions than all other metals combined:

Answer 203

Nickel hypersensitivity

Question 204

Several brands of orthodontic wires are made of:

Answer 204

Nickel titanium alloy

Question 205

Non-precious metal crowns contain high levels of ______. Some as high as 55%

Answer 205

Nickel

Question 206

The following image is a reaction to:

Answer 206

Nickel

Question 207

Some people with _____ allergies have allergic symptoms around & in the mouth & throat after eating raw fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts or seeds which contain cross-reactive proteins to this.

Answer 207

Pollen allergies

Question 208

Diagnose what is seen in the following image:

Answer 208

Oral hypersensitivity reaction

Question 209

What metal is commonly found in dental implants?

Answer 209

Titanium

Question 210

Dental practicioners are _______ for the materials to which a patient will be exposed

Answer 210

ultimately responsible

Question 211

Sargenti paste for root canals:

Answer 211

Paraformaldehyde

Question 212

Dentists must have a knowledge & understanding of the ______ of materials to be used and how these might affect the patient

Answer 212

composition

Question 213

Materials that cause destruction of connective tissue, bone, nerves, chronic infection & pain would be materials that cause ______ damage What is one material that might cause this:

Answer 213

Irreversible; Paraformaldehyde-containing endodontic filling materials

Question 214

A concern of paraformaldehyde-containing endodontic materials is that they can through the:

Answer 214

1. Body-blood 2. Lymph nodes 3. Adrenal glands 4. Kidney 5.Brain

Question 215

Leaders in science-based biological dentistry:

Answer 215

IAOMT (International academy of oral medicine & toxicology)

Question 216

If you wish to remove mercury amalgams, fillings or metal-based crowns it is recommended to use an IAOMT dentist certified in the:

Answer 216

SMART (Safe Mercury Amalgam Technique)

Question 217

HAD- improving overall health through dentistry

Answer 217

Holistic Dental Association

Question 218

Some materials have a distinctly _____ effect on the pulp

Answer 218

Positive

Question 219

A material that has a positive effect on the dental pulp by stimulating tertiary dentin formation:

Answer 219

Calcium hydroxide

Question 220

Since a restoration may have an adverse effect on the pulp, a range of materials termed _______ have been developed to be applied to the dentin, prior to the placement of the final restoration:

Answer 220

Intermediate restorative materials (IRMs)

Question 221

When are IRMs placed, where are they placed?

Answer 221

Prior to the placement to the final restoration & applied to the dentin

Question 222

Cavity varnishes, bases & liners are all examples of:

Answer 222

Intermediate restorative materials

Question 223

Intermediate restorative materials are intended to remain ______ & should not be confused with _____

Answer 223

permanently; temporary restorative materials

Question 224

The role of IRMs may be: (3)

Answer 224

1. protective 2. palliative 3. therapeutic

Question 225

The goal of this material is to protect the pulp from chemical, electrical & thermal reactions:

Answer 225

IRMs

Question 226

What is an example of an electrical reaction that IRMs protect against:

Answer 226

Galvanic-shock-dissimilar metals

Question 227

IRMs protect the pulp from: (3)

Answer 227

1. Chemical 2. Electrical 3. Thermal

Question 228

Give an example of a specific IRM and the qualities it posseses:

Answer 228

Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) Sedative like qualities on hypersensitive pulp & is a good thermal insulator as well

Question 229

Intermediate restorative material: 1. acts as a _____ 2. Excellent ______ resistance 3. Good _____ properties 4. Low ______ 5. May be used under cements & restorative materials that DO NOT contain resin components such as: ____,____ & _____

Answer 229

1. Thermal insulator 2. Abrasion 3. Sealing 4. Solubility 5. Amalgams, inlays & onlays

Question 230

What can intermediate restorative materials NOT be placed under:

Answer 230

amalgams, inlays & onlays

Question 231

This material should NOT discolor a tooth or the restoration:

Answer 231

Intermediate restorative materials

Question 232

A ______ should harden quick enough to allow subsequent insertion of the restoration:

Answer 232

Intermediate restorative materials

Question 233

An IRM should be able to withstand the _______ of the over laying restoration

Answer 233

condensation

Question 234

An IRM should be easily ________

Answer 234

manipulated

Question 235

IRMs are liners and bases are materials placed between dentin (and sometimes pulp) and the restoration to provide: (2)

Answer 235

1. Pulpal protection 2. Pulpal response

Question 236

As far as use of an IRM, protective needs for a restoration vary depending on: (3)

Answer 236

1. Location of the restoration 2. Extent of the restoration 3. Restorative material being used

Question 237

How is the characteristic of the liner to or base to be used as the IRM selected?

Answer 237

largely by the purpose its expected to serve

Question 238

Because they share similar objectives/properties liners and bases are not:

Answer 238

Fully distinguishable

Question 239

The IRM that is a thick mix of material which is placed in bulk; used as dentin replacement to minimize final restorative material:

Answer 239

Bases

Question 240

What IRM serves to block out undercuts?

Answer 240

Bases

Question 241

The type of IRM that is only applied as a thin coating over exposed dentin:

Answer 241

Liners

Question 242

What type of IRM is placed less than 0.5mm thick and is able to promote health of the pulp by adhesion or antibacterial action?

Answer 242

Liners

Question 243

A liner should be less than 0.5mm thick and is able to promote health of the pulp by: (2)

Answer 243

1. adhesion 2. antibacterial action

Question 244

Primary role is to protect the pulp:

Answer 244

Liner

Question 245

Liners form a strong bond to _____ and prevent _____

Answer 245

Dentin; fluid movement down the dentin tubules

Question 246

Functions to provide a bacterial barrier

Answer 246

Liner

Question 247

Liners cause sustained _____ release:

Answer 247

Fluoride

Question 248

Give an example of an intermediate restorative material that may be used as a liner or base:

Answer 248

Vitrebond

Question 249

Light Cure Resin- modified glass ionomer that can be used under composite, amalgam, metal and ceramic restorations

Answer 249

Vitrebond

Question 250

What can Vitrebond be used under? What is Vitrebond NOT indicated for?

Answer 250

Composite, amalgam, metal, ceramic restorations Direct pulp capping

Question 251

Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH)2 that is highly alkaline with a pH of 11-12.5

Answer 251

Liner

Question 252

Liners are highly _____ with a pH of _____

Answer 252

alkaline 11-12.5

Question 253

Liners contain ______ activity which retains its anti-bacterial properties for about ______

Answer 253

Bactericidal activity 2 months

Question 254

Liners cause the formation of ______

Answer 254

Tertiary dentin

Question 255

Liners can be used for _____ & ______ pulp capping

Answer 255

direct & indirect

Question 256

Calcium hydroxide liner that can be self curing OR light cured

Answer 256

Dycal

Question 257

A natural gum (copal), resin, or synthetic resin dissolved in organic solvent

Answer 257

Varnish

Question 258

Varnishes: 1. Has some _____ & ____ properties 2. Easily seeps into open ______ 3. Prevents transfer of ________ to ______ 4. We use _____ instead of varnishes at SOD

Answer 258

1. Antiviral & antimicrobial 2. Dentin tubules 3. Heat & cold to dentin & pulp 4. Vitrebond

Question 259

Varnishes are not to be used under ________ Why?

Answer 259

composite restorations; because they interfere with the setting reaction Glass ionomers; prevents fluoride release

Question 260

A varnish used as an insulating layer under gold & amalgam restorations

Answer 260

Copalite

Question 261

In a shallow tooth prep what should be placed:

Answer 261

Nothing, vitrebond or varnish

Question 262

In a moderate depth tooth prep what should be placed:

Answer 262

Liners ma be placed (for thermal protection & pulpal medication) along with varnish

Question 263

In a very deep tooth prep what should be placed:

Answer 263

Liner (may be calcium hydroxide) then the base Vitrebond or IRM