exam ii: nutrition

Question 1

t/f: most adults don’t meet fruit and veggie goals and have double the amt of sodium intake

Answer 1

true

Question 2

food borne illness

Answer 2

unsafe food containing harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or chemical substances

Question 3

2010 Food Safety Modernization Act

Answer 3

FDA given new powers to police food safety - prevent food contamination

Question 4

what are common food contaminants?

Answer 4

e.coli, salmonellosis

Question 5

effects of e.coli in the body

Answer 5

damages intestines, hemolytic uremic syndrome, hemorrhagic colitis

Question 6

effects of salmonellosis in the body

Answer 6

abdominal cramping, severe n/v, diarrhea, avoid uncooked eggs, undercooked meat, unpasteurized milk

Question 7

exposure to lead, cadmium, and mercury can lead to…

Answer 7

neurological and kidney damage

Question 8

mad cow disease/bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

Answer 8

infectious protein like particles (PRION) = neuro degenerative

Question 9

the 4 food safety practices are…

Answer 9

clean, separate, cook, and chill

Question 10

health

Answer 10

merging/balancing of 5 physical and pscyhological dimensions of health

Question 11

wellness

Answer 11

lifestyle that enhances our level of health

Question 12

nutrition

Answer 12

study of essential nutrients and the processes by which nutrients are used by the body

Question 13

disease prevention

Answer 13

recognition of a danger to health that could be reduced or alleviated through specific actions or changes in lifestyle behaviors

Question 14

where is dietary inadequacy most prevalent?

Answer 14

developing countries

Question 15

what are the 4 leading diet related causes of death

Answer 15

1. CHD
2. cancer
3. CVA
4. DM type ii

Question 16

BMIs for the following groups:
overweight =
obese =
severely obese =

Answer 16

overweight = 25-29.9
obese = 30-39.9
severely obese = 40+

Question 17

2 most common nutrients to be deficient from…

Answer 17

iron and calcium (anemia, osteoporosis)

Question 18

obesity

Answer 18

disorder involving excessive body fat that increases the risk of health problems

Question 19

beriberi

Answer 19

vit B1 deficiency

Question 20

rickets

Answer 20

lack of vit D or calcium

Question 21

pellegra
–> what can it lead to?

Answer 21

severe vit B3 (niacin) deficiency
- the 3 Ds: Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

Question 22

scurvy

Answer 22

vit C deficiency

Question 23

where does berberi, rickets, pellagra, and scurvy usually happen

Answer 23

in many third world countries or immigrants

Question 24

t/f: nutritional deficiencies of the past are now dietary excesses?

Answer 24

true

Question 25

nutrients

Answer 25

biochemical units of nutrition

Question 26

body must have ____ essential nutrients to function properly

Answer 26

6

Question 27

what are the 6 essential nutrients

Answer 27

carbs, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water

Question 28

kcal/g of carbs

Answer 28

4 kcal/g

Question 29

kcal/g of proteins

Answer 29

4 kcal/g

Question 30

kcal/g of fats

Answer 30

9 kcal/g

Question 31

fat soluble vitamins

Answer 31

A,D,E,K

Question 32

water soluble vitamins

Answer 32

B,C

Question 33

t/f FDA does require supplements to be safe and effective

Answer 33

false

Question 34

micronutrient toxicity

Answer 34

most occur through supplementation ==> acute poisoning

Question 35

which vitamins can accumulate in the body

Answer 35

fat soluble (A,D,E,K)

Question 36

_____ calorie units = kilocalorie

Answer 36

1000

Question 37

nutrigenomics

Answer 37

science studying the relationship between human genome, human nutrition, and health

Question 38

DRI (dietary reference intakes)

Answer 38

set values for dietary nutrient intakes of healthy ppl in North America, dirs. Used for planning and assessing diets of healthy ppl

Question 39

what is the focus of dietary reference intakes

Answer 39

optimize health and decrease risk of chronic disease thru nutrition

Question 40

dietary inadequacy

Answer 40

most prevalent in developing countries; imbalance in US impoverished areas

Question 41

factors that affect nutrition

Answer 41

- income distribution - food insecurity - households at risk - need for food assistance programs

Question 42

households at risk

Answer 42

- young children headed by single adult - incomes below poverty threshold - headed by black/hispanic adult - households in central city areas

Question 43

risk factors for nutritional diseases/deficiencies

Answer 43

CVD, HTN, diabetes, CAD, metabolic syndrome, obesity, cancer, GI issues, osteoporosis, eating disorder

Question 44

what is the ATP III criteria

Answer 44

adult treatment plan: helps to determine if indiv has metabolic syndrome (if 3+ criteria are met) 1. Waist cm over 40 inches (men) or 35 inches (women), 2. Blood pressure over 130/85 mmHg 3. Fasting triglyceride (TG) level over 150 mg/dl 4. Fasting high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Question 45

what is the DASH diet

Answer 45

"dietary approaches to stop HTN" sodium restriction of < 2300mg/day + low fat, reduced sat/total fats, with fruits and veggies