EXAM III

Question 1

the entire network of chemical processes involved in maintaining life

Answer 1

metabolism

Question 2

metabolic pathways that use small, simpler compounds to build larger, more complex compounds; required energy

Answer 2

anabolic pathways

Question 3

metabolic pathways that break down compounds into smaller units; produce energy

Answer 3

catabolic patways

Question 4

the main form of energy used by the body; consists of adenosine bound to 3 phosphate groups

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

anabolic reactions ____ energy

Answer 5

use

Question 6

catabolic reactions _____ energy

Answer 6

produce

Question 7

oxidation of food molecules resulting in the eventual release of energy, CO2 and H20

Answer 7

cellular respiration

Question 8

what are the 4 stages of ATP production from carbohydrates

Answer 8

1. glycolysis
2. transition reaction
3. citric acid cycle
4. electron transport chain

Question 9

glucose oxidized and forms 2 molecules of pyruvate, produces NADH+, H+ and generates 2 ATP; occurs in cytosol

Answer 9

glycolysis

Question 10

converts 2 molecules of pyruvate to 2 molecules of acetyl CoA, produces NADH+ H+; occurs in cytosol

Answer 10

transition reaction

Question 11

acetyl-CoA enters citric acid cycle and produces NADH+ H+, FADH2 and ATP; occurs in the mitochondria

Answer 11

citric acid cycle

Question 12

NADH+ H+ and FADH2 enter the electron transport chain, most ATP generated here; occurs in the mitochondria

Answer 12

electron transport chain

Question 13

how many glycolysis and citric acid cycle ATP are produced when forming 1 glucose molecule

Answer 13

2 ATP each

Question 14

how many electron transport chain ATP are produced when forming 1 glucose molecule

Answer 14

28 ATP

Question 15

when does anaerobic metabolism take place

Answer 15

when the cell lacks mitochondria or where O2 is absent

Question 16

what is converted into lactate during anaerobic metabolism

Answer 16

pyruvate

Question 17

lactate produced during high-intensity activity is transported from muscle to the liver, converted to glucose, then returns to muscle

Answer 17

Cori cycle

Question 18

the breaking down of triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol

Answer 18

lipolysis

Question 19

the breaking down of fatty acids for energy production; takes place in the mitochondria; C-C fragments from fatty acid chain are converted to acetyl-CoA which then enters the citric acid cycle

Answer 19

fatty acid oxidation

Question 20

incomplete breakdown products of fat; contain 3-4 carbons; produced during rapid lipolysis

Answer 20

ketone bodies

Question 21

condition of having a high concentration of ketone bodies and related breakdown products in the blood or bloodstream

Answer 21

ketoacidosis

Question 22

What is the main form of energy used by the body?

Answer 22

ATP

Question 23

Describe a time when the body may be more catabolic than anabolic.

Answer 23

during weight loss or wasting disease, such as cancer, catabolism predominates because more tissue is being broken down than synthesized.

Question 24

What is the difference between oxidation and reduction reactions?

Answer 24

Oxidation loses an electron while reduction gains an electron

Question 25

What is the function of a coenzyme?

Answer 25

aid in enzyme function

Question 26

What is the goal of glycolysis?

Answer 26

to break down carbohydrates to generate energy and to provide building blocks for synthesizing other needed compounds.

Question 27

How many 3-carbon compounds are made from a 6-carbon glucose molecule?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What is the end product of glycolysis?

Answer 28

2 pyruvates ( aka 3-carbon compounds)

Question 29

Which vitamins are involved in the transition reaction?

Answer 29

thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid