Exam III Flashcards
(306 cards)
1
Q
what muscles make up the superficial back muscles
A
extrinsic back muscles affect upper limb movement
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
rhomboid major and minor
levator scapulae
rotator cuff muscles
2
Q
Intermediate back muscles
A
Serratus posterior superior
serratus posterior inferior
splenius capitiis
splenius cervicis
3
Q
serratus posterior inf and superior help with what?
A
breathing/ accessory muscles of respiration
4
Q
splenius muscles are innervated by
A
dorsi rami of spinal nerves
5
Q
Deep intrinsic back muscles
A
iliocostalis - cervicis, thoracis, lumborum
Longissimus- capitis, cervicis, thoracis
Spinalis
6
Q
where is the longissimus seen the most
A
the thoracis region
7
Q
what makes up the transversis spinalis
A
semispinalis
multifidus
rotares
8
Q
the semispinalis muscles cross _____ vertebra
A
4-6
9
Q
the multifidus muscles cross ____ vertebra
A
3-4
10
Q
the rotatores muscles cross ____ vertebra
A
1-2
11
Q
the multifidus is very well seen in the
A
lumboris region
12
Q
Rotatores longus muscles goes up ____ spinous processes
A
2
13
Q
rotatores brevis muscles goes up ____ spinous process
A
1
14
Q
transversospinalis mm originate on
A
transverse processes
15
Q
Levatores costarum longus
Levatores Costarum brevis
pathway
A
travel from ribs to transverse processes
more lateral than rotatores
accessory respiration muscles
16
Q
the ligamentum nuchae is an expansion of the ______ and ends in the cervical region
A
supraspinous ligament
17
Q
the ligamentum nuchae path
A
from external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of C6
18
Q
costotransverse joint
A
lateral costotransverse: goes from rib directly to transverse process next to it
superior costotransverse ligament: goes from rib to TP above it
19
Q
Posterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia sits above what
A
the erector spinae in the lumbar and low thoracic region
20
Q
middle layer of the thoracolumbar fascia passes between
A
quadratus lumborum and erector spinae
21
Q
anterior layer sits in the abdomen as the
A
anterior fascia of the quadratus lumborum
22
Q
the quadratus lumborum is sandwhiched between
A
the anterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar fascia
23
Q
what core muscles are attached to the thoracolumbar fascia
A
the internal obliques and transverse abdominus
24
Q
muscles contributing to the suboccipital triangle
A
rectus capitis posterior major
rectus capitis posterior minor
obliquus capitis superior m (OCS)
obliquus capitis inferior
semispinalis cervicis - not truly
25
Where do the muscles of the suboccipital triangle come together
spinous process of C2
26
three sides of the suboccipital triangle
rectus capitis posterior major
obliquus capitis superior
obliquus capitis inferior
27
corners of the suboccipital triangle
spinous process of C2
TP of C1
lateral part of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
28
dorsal ramus of C1=
the suboccipital nerve
lies in the triangle
innervates lots of the suboccipital muscles
29
dorsal ramus of C2=
greater occipital nerve
sensory nerve that passes inferior to the obliquus capitis inferior muscle and proceeds to the posterior scalp
30
what lies under the suboccipital nerve and vertebral artery
the posterior atlantooccipital membrane (forms anterior wall)
31
what vessel runs from transverse foramen of C1 to the foramen magnum along the arch of the atlas in the suboccipital triangle
Vertebral Artery
32
what travels with the greater occipital nerve
occipital artery - passes from external carotid artery to the posterior scalp
33
filum terminale interum
continuation of pia mater covering the psinal cord as the spinal cord has ended
34
what anchors the spinal cord to the sacrum and coccyx
the filum terminale interum
35
what does the cauda equina consist of
ventral and dorsal roots below the level of the conus medullaris
36
what neural tissues pierces through the dura mater
the rootlets
37
denticulate ligaments are collection of what _____
pia mater
38
what is the first branch off the subclavian artery
vertebral artery
39
anterior longitudinal ligament function
stops anterior vertebral body translation, resists hyperextension
40
ligamentum flavum function
connect adjacent vertebral laminae and give posterior support/springiness
41
what is just behind the ligamentum flavum
the facet jionts
42
interspinous processes connect
adjacent spinous processes
43
supraspinous ligaments
outerpart of spinous processes for length of entire spinal column expands to become the nuchal ligament
44
where do the spinal nerves exit
the intervertebral foramen
45
what is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the cervical spine
the tectorial membrane
46
Cruciate ligament in cervical spine
hold C1 and C2 together
47
alar ligament goes from ___ to _____
C1 to occiput
48
dens is on
C2
49
what is the function of the alar ligaments
prevent rotation of atlantooccipital joint
test with alar ligament check
50
what separates the innermost intercostals and the internal intercostals
intercostal nerve artery and vein
51
what pins the internal thoracic vessels
the transversus thoracis muscles
52
what is the inguinal ligament formed by
the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
53
attachments of the inguinal ligament
asis and pubic tubercle
54
what surrounds the opening of the superficial inguinal ring
medial and lateral crus
55
in males, the inguinal canal hold the _____ ____
spermatic cord
56
what does the deep inguinal ring peirce?
the transversalis fascia
57
what makes up the conjoint tendon and where can you find it?
the aponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and the transverse abdominal muscles
Find it posterior to the superficial inguinal ring
58
what is the significance of the conjoint tendon?
direct hernias herniate here and go through the superficial inguinal ring
59
the lacunar ligament function
support of the medial edge of the inguinal ligament, supports things from falling out of abdominal medial to it
attaches the inguinal ligament posteriorly to the pubic bone, medial to the femoral sheath
60
spermatic cord picks up layers from the abdominal wall
from external oblique aponeurosis-external fascia
from internal oblique - cremaster fibers
61
in females what comes through inguinal canal
the round ligament of the uterus
may cause pain during preganccy
62
Lateral edge of the rectus sheath
linea semilunaris
63
above the arcuate line the anterior lamina =
aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique, 1/2 of the internal aponeurosis
64
above the arcuate line, posterior lamina
1/2 internal oblique aponeurosis and all of the transversus abdominus aponeurosis
65
below the arcuate line the anterior the anterior lamina is only the
external and internal aponeurosis, transverse abdominus
66
only posterior lamina below the arcuate line =
parietal perineum and transversalis fascia
67
what opening in the diaphragm is located at T8
opening for inferior vena cava
68
what opening in the diaphragm is located at T10
esophagus
69
what opening in the diaphragm is located at T12
abdominal aorta
70
intercostal nerves come off of
the sympathetic trunk
71
the sympathetic ganglion has
white and gray sympathetic communicantes
72
what is innervated by the subcostal nerve
the abdominal musculature/ skin approximately midway between umbilicus and pubic symphysis
73
what nerves come off ventral ramus of L1
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal
74
ventral ramus of L1 innervates what
abdominal musculature and skin above and in the inguinal region
75
If you refract the aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique what do you see
ilioinguinal inferiorly with iliohypogastric above
76
where will ventral ramus of L1 nerves exit
superficial inguinal ring
77
what is the genitofemoral nerve responsible for
the cremasteric reflex
78
platysma muscle is innervated by
CN VII
79
SCM is innervated by
CN XII
80
where does the intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle go through
a tendinous loop from the hyoid bone
81
the superior hyoid muscles help with
swallowing and phonation (include digastric, geniohyoid and mylohyoid and stylohyoid
82
attachments of longus capitus
cervical TPs up to head
83
attachments of longus colli
cervical vertebral bodies to other vertebral bodies
84
ansa cervicalis loops around
contents of the carotid sheath
has superior root (C1) and inferior root (C2-C3), a lot of times it loops around the internal jugular vein
85
ansa cervicalis innervates (C1-C2-C3)
all infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid
86
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII ) intervenes
hypoglossal
87
cutaneous nerves of the cervical plexus
lesser occipital n
greater auricular n
transverse cervical n
supraclavicular n
88
a part of the ____ ____ arises from C5 ventral rami
phrenic n
89
C5 ventral rami will give off
dorsal scap, phrenic nerve and long thoracic nerve
90
ventral rami of the brachial plexus forming the trunks will emerge between
anterior and medial scalene
interscalene triangle
91
dorsal scapular nerve will emerge from
middle scalene muscle
92
subclavian artery will emerge from
interscalene triangle
93
vagus nerve can be seen superiorly passing around the
right subclavian artery
94
subclavian artery branches
vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk (3 branches)
costocervical trunk
dorsal scapular artery- lateral to anterior scalene (interdigitate with brachial plexus)
95
branches of thyrocervical trunk
transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery, inferior thyroid artery
96
branches of the external carotid
superior thyroid artery
occipital artery
lingual
facial
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal
97
hypoglossal nerve hangs out and loops around
occipital artery
98
what vessel lies superficial to the SCM
external jugular vein
99
the external jugular vein is formed by the
retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein
100
pathway of the internal jugular vein
originates from the sigmoid dural sinus and travels in the carotid sheath (with internal carotid artery) behind the SCM
101
the SCM is sandwhiched by which vessels
deep by the internal jugular vein and the external jugular vein superficially
102
retromandibular vein formed from
maxillary and superficial temporal vein
103
brachiocephalic vein is formed by
subclavian vein and internal jugular vein
104
which gland creates saliva
parotid gland
105
the duct of the _____________ runs behind the tongue
submandibular gland
106
what exits skull from the stylomastoid foramen
the motor branch of the facial nerve
107
temporalis insertion
coronoid process of the mandible
108
which process of the mandible forms the temporomandibular joint
the condylar process of the mandible
109
anterior fibers of the temporalis function
pull mandible straight up (chew)
110
posterior fibers of the temporalis function
retract the mandible and pull it (also chew)
111
buccinator is pierced by the
parotid gland
112
what does the lingual nerve carry
the chorda tympani of CNVII
113
branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
buccal n
lingual n with chorda tympani
inferior alveolar n
auriculotemporal n
deep temporal nerve
114
what two nerves come between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
the lingual nerve medially and inferior alveolar n more laterally
115
what is special about the superior belly of the lateral pterygoid
inserts into the articular disc of the TMJ and pulls disc anteriorly during opening
116
inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid inserts into
neck of mandible
117
nerve to mylohyoid is a branch of the
inferior alveolar nerve
118
what nerve enters mandibular foramen
inferior alveolar nerve
119
what nerve travels with the superior temporal a/v
the auriculotemporal n
120
innervation of mandibular division of CNV
mastication, mylohyoid, anterior digastric, tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini, and sensory to lower face
121
how do we find the auriculotemporal nerve
wraps around middle meningeal artery branch of maxillary artery in the infratemporal fossa
122
Branches of the maxillary artery
inferior alveolar artery with the nerve
middle meningeal artery
deep temporal a (inside the temporalis mm)
123
what is just deep to middle meningeal artery
chorda tympani
124
the joint capsule of the TMJ is thickened _____
laterally
125
extrinsic ligaments of the TMJ
stylomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament
126
sphenomandibular ligament fxn
prevent inferior dislocation
127
the articular disc of the TMJ separates what
the superior and inferior synovial compartments
128
function of the bilaminar zone of the articular disc
superior band: elastic
inferior band: taut and strong and helps with rebound of the mandible by tethering the disc
129
inferior synovial compartment function
rotational movements that start
130
superior synovial compartment function
translation of the mandible
131
what is between the bilaminar zone of the disc
retromandibular fat pad that contains blood and nerve supply
132
what band prevents dislocation of the TMJ
anterior band of the disc
133
where can pain radiate from the diaphragm
to the shoulder region (area supplied by C3,4,5 dermatomes) or area of inferior intercostal nerves
134
quadratus lumborum origin
medial half of inferior border of 12th rib and tips of lumbar transverse processes
135
quadratus lumborum insertion
iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of the iliac crest
136
Innervation of QL
anterior branches of T12 and L1-L4 nerves
137
Action of the QL
unilateral flexion, bilateral extension and fixes the 12th rib during inspiration
138
external oblique innervation
thoracoabdominal and subcostal nerves (anterior rami of T7-T12 spinal nerves
139
external oblique origin
external surfaces of 5th-12th ribs
140
external oblique insertion
linea alba, pubic tubercle, anterior half of iliac crest
141
external oblique action
flex and rotate the trunk contralaterally
142
internal oblique origin
thoracolumbar fascia, anterior 2/3s of iliac crest, connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament (conjoint tendon)
143
internal oblique insertion
inferior borders of 10th-12th ribs, linea alba, pubis via the conjoint tendon
144
internal oblique action
flex and rotate the trunk ipsilaterally
145
transversus abdominis origin
internal surfaces of 7th-12th costal cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, connective tissue deep to inguinal ligament
146
transversus abdominis insertion
linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest and pubis via the conjoint tendon
147
transversus abdominus and internal oblique innervation
T7-T11 anterior rami, subcostal and first lumbar nerves
148
transversus abdominus action
support pelvic and abdominal viscera (compression), trunk stability
149
rectus abdominus origin
pubic symphysis and pubic crest
150
rectus abdominus insertion
xiphoid process and 5th-7th costal cartilages
151
rectus abdominus innervation
t7-T12 anterior rami
152
rectus abdominus action
flexes trunk/lumbar vertebrae, compress abdominal viscera, stabilize and control the tilt of the pelvis (antilordosis/posterior pelvic tilt)
153
after the arcuate line what is in the anterior layer of the rectus sheath
external abdominal oblique aponeurosis, anterior and posterior layer of the internal oblique aponeurosis, transversus abdominis aponeurosis
154
after the arcuate line what posterior to the rectus abdominus?
transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum
155
before the arcuate line what is in the anterior layer of the rectus sheath
external abdominal oblique aponeurosis, anterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis
156
before the arcuate line what is in the posterior layer of the rectus sheath
posterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis, transversus abdominus aponeurosis, transversalis fascia
157
contents of the carotid sheath
common and internal carotid arteries
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
deep cervical lymph nodes
carotid sinus nerve
sympathetic nerve fibers
158
in the lateral cervical region the floor is the vertebral fascia that overlays what four muscles?
splenius capitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene and posterior scalene
159
spinal accessory nerve lies ____ to the SCM
deep
160
Platysma origin
inferior border of mandible, skin and subcutaneous tissues of lower face
161
Platysma insertion
fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
162
Platysma action
draws corners of mouth inferiorly and widens it as in expressions of sadness and fright; draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched (tension)
163
SCM origin
lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone and lateral half of superior nuchal line
164
SCM insertion of sternal head and clavicular head
anterior surface of manubrium of sternum
superior surface of medial third of clavicle
165
SCM action
Unilateral side flexion with contralateral rotation
bilateral extension at atlanto-occipital joints, brings chin to join manubrium
extend superior vertebrae with flexion of the inferior vertebrae
166
phrenic nerve is mostly supplied by ____ with contributions from ____
C4, C3 and C5
167
greater occipital nerve is from
C2
168
lesser occipital nerve is from
C2-C3
169
transverse cervical nerve is from
C2-C3
170
supraclavicular nerve is from
C3-C4
171
floor of the anterior neck triangle
pharynx, larynx, thyroid gland
172
what are the suprahyoid muscles
mylohyoid, geniohyoid, stylohyoid, digastric muscles
173
what are the infrahyoid muscles
sternohyoid, omohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
174
nerve to mylohyoid innervates what muscles
mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
175
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) innervates what muscles
hyoglossus m and the tongue
176
filum terminale internum is an extension of the ___
pia mater
177
filum terminale externum is an extension of the _____
dura
178
where does the vertebral artery travel through
transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae
179
where does the vertebral artery enter the brain case?
the foramen magnum
180
external part of the intervertebral disc is the
annulus fibrosis
181
intervertebral disc internal part
nucleus pulposus
182
ligamentum flavum has high __________ content
elastic fiber
183
ligamentum flavum connects adjacent
vertebral laminae
184
what is the extension of the PLL through the foramen magnnum
tectorial membrane
185
function of the cruciate ligament
hold the dens within C1
186
the lateral atlantoaxial joint consists of what
the inferior articular facet of C1 and the superior articular facet of C2
187
the median atlantoaxial joint consists of what
the dens of C2 articulating with the facet for the dens
188
what separates the innermost intercostals and the internal intercostal muscles
the intercostal nerve, posterior intercostal artery and vein
189
what muscle/aponeurosis creates the inguinal canal
the external abdominal oblique aponeurosis
190
external intercostal origin
191
what makes up the deep inguinal ring
the transversalis fascia s
192
where does the deep inguinal ring lie
superior to the middle of the inguinal ligament and just lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels
193
pedicle attaches to what two structures
the vertebral body and the vertebral arch
194
what forms the vertebral arch
pedicles and lamina
195
on which vertebra are the transverse processes small or absent
C7
196
instead of vertebral body and spinous processes what does C1 have
anterior and posterior arches with coinciding tubercles
197
where are the ucinate processes located in the cervical spine
anterior, on the lateral surfaces of the vertebral body
198
in the lumbar spine where do you find the mamillary processes
on the posterior surface of the superior articular process
199
alar ligament attachments
side of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum
200
transverse bands of the cruciate ligament attachements
attaches to the tubercles on the lateral masses of C1
201
inferior longitudinal band of the cruciate attachments
transverse band to the body of C2
202
superior longitudinal band of the cruciate attachments
transverse band to the occipital bone
203
tectorial membrane attachments
across the median atlanto-axial joint through the foramen magnum. to the central floor of the cranial cavity. Runs form the body of C2 to the internal surface of the occipital bone
204
nuchal ligament function
substitutes for bone in providing muscular attachments since spinous processes of C3-C5 are so short. (trap and splenius capitis), allows more flexibility in the cervical spine
205
lumbosacral enlargement is from
L1-L3
206
cervical enlargement ranges from
C4-T1
207
splenius capitus/ cervicis origin
nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7-T6
208
Splenius capitus insertion
fibers run superolaterally to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and lateral third of the superior nuchal line
209
splenius cervicis insertion
tubercles of TPs of C1-C3 or C4
210
Splenius capitis and cervicis innervation
posterior rami of the spinal nerves
211
splenius capitis and cervicis action
alone: laterally flex neck and rotate ipsilaterally
together: extend head and neck
212
the spinalis and longissimus muscles are similar in that
they attach thoracis, cervicis and capitis with no lumborum
213
iliocostalis cervicis insertion
transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
214
erector spinae origin
broad tendon from posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of the sacrum, sacro-iliac ligaments, sacral and inferior lumbar SPs, supraspinous ligament
215
rotatores origin
TPs of the vertebra, best developed in thoracic region
216
rotatores insertion
junction of the lamina and TPs or SPs of vertebra immediatley (brevis) or two degments (longus) superior to vertebra of origin
217
rotatores action
proprioception, stabilize verebra, assist with local extension and rotatory movements
218
multifidus origin
arises from post. sacrum, PSIS, aponeurosis of erector spinae, sacro-iliac ligamanets, mamillary processes in lumbar spine, TPs of thoracic and articular processes of C4-C7
219
multifidus insertion
thickest in the lumbar region, fibers pass obliquely superomedially to entire length of the SPs of vertebra located2-4 segments superiorly
220
levatores costarum innervation
posterior rami of C8-T11 spinal nerves
221
cervical muscles for flexion
longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior, anterior fibers of SCM, suprahyoid and infrahyoid mm
222
cervical muscles for extension
rectus capitis posterior major and minor
obliquus capitis superior
splenius capitis
longissimus capitis
trap
223
cervical lateral flexion mm
sternocleidomastiod
rectus capitis lateralis
longissimus cervicis
splenius capitis
224
what can we see superficially in the side of the face before opening up the infratemporal fossa?
facial artery to the lips, and straight facial vein posterior to that
225
where does the temporalis muscle attach
coronoid process of the mandible
226
what veins create the retromandibular vein
the superficial temporal vein and the maxillary vein
227
what comes out of the foramen ovale
lingual nerve, inferior alveolar n, buccal nerve
228
buccal nerve innervation
sensory to the cheek and nerves
229
buccinator innervation
facial nerve
230
what muscle does the buccal nerve pass over
the medial pterygoid
231
blood supply to the meninges
middle meningeal artery
232
any arteries going into temporalis
deep temporal arteries
233
structure in the deep temporal fossa
sphenomandibular ligament
234
facial nerve may be seen piercing the ___
parotid gland
235
what nerve innervates the pterygoid muscles
mandibular division of CN V
236
superior strata of the TMJ assist with
retropulsion of the disc
237
what can you find in the posterior triangle of the neck
supraclavicular nerves and inferior belly of the omohyoid
238
submandibular triangle borders
anterior and posterior digastric with border of the mandible
239
carotid triangle borders
SCM, superior belly of omohyoid and the mandible, posterior belly of digastric
240
muscular triangle border
SCM, superior belly of omohyoid and midline (inferior to the thyroid cartilage)
241
submental triangle placement
sits between the two anterior bellys of the digastric
242
where do we find the cervical plexus
behind the carotid sheath, look for C5/C6 roots making the superior trunk and count up
243
thyrohyoid muscle innervated by
C1 branch of cervical plexus
gets to it by hypoglossal nerve
244
strap muscles are innervated by the
ansa cervicalis
245
what vein is superficial to the SCM
external jugular vein
246
if you see a loop in the neck what do you label it
ansa cervicalis
247
what wraps around the posterior belly of the digastric
stylohyoid muscle
248
geniohyoid is innervated by the
C1 ventral branch (gets there through hypoglossal nerve)
249
anterior scalene origin
anterior tubercles of cervical TPs (C3-C6)
250
anterior scalene insertion
1st rib
251
middle scalene origin
posterior tubercles of TPs of cervical spine (C4-C7)
252
middle scalene insertion
superior surface of 1st rib; posterior to groove for subclavian artery
253
posterior scalene origin
posterior tubercles of TPs of C4-C6
254
posterior scalene insertion
external border of 2nd rib
255
anterior scalene innervation
spinal nerves of C4-C6
256
middle scalene innervation
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
257
posterior scalene innervation
anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves C7-C8
258
levator scapulae origin
posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebra
259
levator scapulae insertion
superior part of medial border of scapula
260
origin of the anterior scalene is the same as the insertion of ______
longus capitis
261
what travels superior to the suprascapular artery
transverse cervical artery and vein
262
what nerve goes through middle scalene
dorsal scapular nerve
263
just lateral to the obliquus capitis superior is the
occipital artery
264
lateral costotransverse ligament
goes from the TP to the rib at the same level
265
Superior costotransverse ligament
goes from the TP to the rib above
266
what is the border for direct and indirect inguinal hernias
inferior epigastric artery/vein
267
medial to the inferior epigastric hernia=
direct, right through conjoint tendon
268
lateral to the inferior epigastric hernia=
indirect/congenital hernia, long way all the way through the inguinal canal and testes
269
where do hernias typically happen in women
femoral, through the femoral canal
270
what lies right behind the inguinal ligament and anchors it to the pubis?
lacunar ligament
271
lumbar arteries come off of the _____ _____
posterior aorta
272
attachments of quadratus lumborum
superior iliac crest and 12th rib
273
genitofemoral nerve innervates
scrotum and abdominal wall
274
ALL path
base of skull to base of sacrum anteriorly
275
the deep inguinal ring pierces what structure
the transversalis fascia
276
what covers the spermatic cord as a roof
the transversus abdominis
277
what is the last of the thoracic ventral rami
subcostal nerve
278
what nerve passes through the psoas major
genitofemoral nerve
279
where can you find the radiate sternocostal ligament
attaches to the membrana sterni and the adjacent sternocostal joint
280
what are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus
greater occipital, greater auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular nerves
281
from what does the internal jugular vein originate
sigmoid dural sinus
282
motor branch of the facial nerve exits where
stylomastoid foramen
283
where does the inferior belly of the lateral pterygoid insert
belly inserts into the neck of mandible
284
extrinsic ligaments of the TMJ
stylomandibular ligament
sphenomandibular ligament
285
the joint capsule of the TMJ is thickened
laterally, forms the lateral ligament
286
upper cervical spine: Rot/SB occur in the ____ direction
opposite
287
lower cervical spine: Rot/SB occur in the ____ direction
same
288
facet joints in the cervical spine are angled at ___
45 degrees
289
lower cervical spine forward bending arthrokinematics at facet joints
anterior/cephalic roll/glide
290
lower cervical spine backward bending arthrokinematics at facet joints
posterior/caudal roll/glide
291
lower cervical spine lateral flexion arthrokinematics at facet joints at contralateral side
anterior/cephalic roll/glide
292
lower cervical spine lateral flexion arthrokinematics at facet joints at ipsilateral side
caudal and posterior roll/glide
293
lower cervical spine rotation arthrokinematics at facet joints at ipsilateral side
posterior and caudal roll/glide
294
lower cervical spine rotation arthrokinematics at facet joints at contralateral side
anterior/cephalic roll/glide
295
the vertebral body lower cervical spine arthokinematics during LF
tilt to the concave side
296
what do the uncovertebral joints do during rotation and side bending
lateral translation: to the concave side
297
during nodding C1 on C2 (lateral atlantooccipital joint) is ___ on ____
concave on convex
298
if a patient has a positive alar test what do you do
send them to the ER
299
mm for elevation of the mandible
temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid
300
mm for depression of the mandible
lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoids
301
protrusion mm of the mandible
lateral pterygoid, masseter and medial pterygoid
302
retrusion mm of the mandible
temporalis and masseter
303
muscles for lateral movements (grinding)
temporalis ipsilateral and contralateral pterygoids, masseter
304
function of the sphenomandibular ligament
limit distension of the mandible in an inferior direction
305
function of the stylomandibular ligament
limit excessive protrusion of the mandible
306
