Exam III

Question 1

What are the 5 common challenges ALL animals face?

Answer 1

Obtaining food, waste and elimination, gas exchange, reproduction, sense and response to environmental challenges

Question 2

Why do animals need to obtain food?

Answer 2

for chemical & cellular energy and for building blocks

Question 3

What is a tissue?

Answer 3

group of cells with similar structure and function…from the latin word “weave”

Question 4

What are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 4

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

Question 5

Tissue characteristics of epithelial cells

Answer 5

tightly packed cells!!

Question 6

Major functions of the epithelial tissue

Answer 6

physical barrier to injury, microbes, and fluid loss. Absorption and secretion

Question 7

Where would we typically find epithelial tissue?

Answer 7

outside of the body (skin), lining of cavities and organs, and glands

Question 8

Different shapes of tissue epithelia

Answer 8

squamous, cuboidal, columnar

Question 9

Different arrangements of of tissue epithelia

Answer 9

simple, pseudostratified, stratified

Question 10

What does it mean when a tissue is in the simple arrangement?

Answer 10

there is only one layer of cells that are all touching the basement membrane

Question 11

What does it mean when a tissue is in the pseudo-stratified arrangement?

Answer 11

there is only one layer of cells that are all touching the basement membrane, but it looks like there is multiple layers due to the arrangement of the nuclei within each cell.

Question 12

What does it mean when a tissue is in the stratified arrangement?

Answer 12

there are multiple layers of cells that are not all touching the basement membrane

Question 13

Which tissue is the MOST abundant and widely distributed?

Answer 13

Connective tissue

Question 14

How would you describe the vascularity of connective tissue?

Answer 14

very vascular

Question 15

What are the two most common types of cells within connective tissue?

Answer 15

Fibroblasts and Macrophages

Question 15

What is the extracellular matrix?

Answer 15

a web of fibers in a jelly like liquid between cells

Question 16

What are the general functions of connective tissue?

Answer 16

connects, surrounds, anchors, and supports

Question 17

What are the 6 types of connective tissue?

Answer 17

loose, fibrous, cartilage, bone, adipose, blood

Question 18

What are the 3 different types of connective tissues?

Answer 18

collagenous, elastic, reticular

Question 19

What protein makes up reticular fiber?

Answer 19

reticulin, and collagen

Question 20

What does reticular fibers help with?

Answer 20

surrounds organs and helps to connect and hold them in place.

Question 21

function of loose connective tissue?

Answer 21

binds epithelia to underlying tissue, nutrient and waste removal, and holds organs in place.

Question 22

where is fibrous connective tissue found?

Answer 22

ligaments and tendons

Question 23

is fibrous tissue dense or loosely packed?

Answer 23

dense!

Question 24

functions of fibrous tissue?

Answer 24

connects bone to bone, and muscle to bone

Question 25

what does greater vasculature allow for?

Answer 25

faster healing because of nutrient transport

Question 26

where is cartilage found?

Answer 26

joints, ear, nose, fetal skeletons

Question 27

what are the cells within cartilage?

Answer 27

chondrocytes

Question 28

what is the matrix of solution in cartilage?

Answer 28

chondrotin sulfate

Question 29

main function of cartilage?

Answer 29

supportive tissue

Question 30

Structure of bone

Answer 30

mineralized connective tissue, cells are osteocytes, made of calcium phosphate, and collagenous fibers

Question 31

function of bone?

Answer 31

acts as a scaffolding for the body; hard but not brittle

Question 32

what are the types of osteocytes?

Answer 32

osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Question 33

Function of adipose tissue?

Answer 33

stores energy as fat, insulates and pads the body

Question 34

cells of adipose tissue?

Answer 34

adipocytes

Question 35

structure of blood?

Answer 35

blood cells and plasma

Question 36

what is the matrix of blood?

Answer 36

the plasma

Question 37

functions of blood?

Answer 37

Gas Exchange (RBC) Immune Response (WBC) Blood Clotting (Platelets)

Question 38

What is an erythrocyte?

Answer 38

Red Blood Cell (RBC)

Question 39

What is a luekocyte?

Answer 39

White Blood Cell (WBC)

Question 40

What is nervous tissue specialized for?

Answer 40

Coordination, communication, and integration

Question 41

where would we find nervous tissue?

Answer 41

brain, spinal cord, nerves

Question 42

what makes up nervous tissue?

Answer 42

neurons and glial cells

Question 43

Function of nervous tissue?

Answer 43

to sense and transmit information, recieve signals and send signals back

Question 44

What is the "signal" these neurons are sending along?

Answer 44

Action Potentials

Question 45

What do glial cells do?

Answer 45

support cells for the neurons

Question 46

What do systems are responsible for coordination and control?

Answer 46

Endocrine system and nervous system

Question 47

Hormone Response

Answer 47

affects multiple regions of the body at once, slow acting but long term effects

Question 48

Neural response

Answer 48

typically affects one primary area, very fast acting, but short term effects

Question 49

Why is bone "very dynamic"?

Answer 49

because cells are constantly being made by osteoblasts and being destroyed by osteoclasts

Question 50

What is muscle tissue responsible for?

Answer 50

bodily movements

Question 51

what are the primary cells in muscle tissue?

Answer 51

myocytes for contraction

Question 52

how would we describe skeletal muscle?

Answer 52

striated, voluntary, and attached to the skeleton

Question 53

how would we describe cardiac muscle?

Answer 53

involuntary, branched with striations

Question 54

how would we describe smooth muscle?

Answer 54

involuntary, very smooth, found within walls of organs and blood vessels