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Articulation Anatomy > Exam III > Flashcards

Exam III Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Extrinsic Facial Muscles: Transverse:
1.
2.

A
  1. Buccinator

2. Risorius

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2
Q 
Buccinator
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: (3) pterygomandibular ligament; alveolar process of maxillae, mandibular 3rd molar
insertion: orbicularis oris at corner of mouth (both sides)
course: horizontal
function: Pull lips tight against teeth

Largest Muscle in the Cheek

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3
Q 
Risorius
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: fascia of masseter muscle
insertion: orbicularis oris at corners of mouth
course: horizontal
function: pulls lips tight against teeth

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4
Q

Extrinsic Facial Muscles: Angular
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Zygomatic Major
  2. Zygomatic Minor
  3. Depressor Labii Inferior
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5
Q 
Zygomatic Major: 
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: orbicularis oris @ corner of mouth
course: obliquely down
function: Smile muscle

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6
Q 
Zygomatic Minor: 
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: zygomatic bone
insertion: mid-lateral region of upper lip
course: inferior and medial
function: elevate upper lip

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7
Q 
Depressor Labii Inferior
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: mandible
insertion: orbicularis oris inferior
course: superior and medial
function: depress lip
* * Pout Muscles**

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8
Q

Extrinsic Facial Muscles: Vertical
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Mentalis
  2. Depressor Anguli Oris
  3. Levator Anguli Oris
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9
Q 
Mentalis
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: mandible @ incisive fossa
insertion: skin of chin region
course: vertical
function: wrinkle chin

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10
Q 
Depressor Anguli Oris
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: mandible
insertion: oribicularis oris inferior AND superior
course: vertical
function: depress the upper and lower corners of mouth; compress lips (bring together)
* Frown Muscle**

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11
Q 
Levator Anguli Oris
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: maxillae
insertion: orbicularis oris superior and inferior
course: vertical
function: elevate corners of mouth Smile

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12
Q

Platysma

A

Large muscle located in neck

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13
Q 
Levator Labii Superioris
Origin: 
Insertion: 
Course: 
Function:
A

Origin: orbit, zygomatic bone, maxilla
Insertion: OOS
Course: Inferior and Medial
Function: Elevate Upper Lip

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14
Q 
Levator Labii Alaquae Nasi Superior
origin: 
insertion:
course: 
function:
A

origin: maxilla
insertion: cartilage of nose, OOS
course: vertical
function: pull up upper lip, dilate nostrils

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15
Q

Tongue Functions:
1.
2.
3.

A
  1. Modify the shape of the oral cavity to change resonance characteristics
  2. Acts as a valve to inhibit or stop airflow
  3. Works with the teeth, alveolar processes, and palate to generate noise
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16
Q 
Parts of tongue: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 
5.
A
  1. Tip - Most anterior
  2. Blade - located below upper alveolar ridge
  3. Front - part that sits below hard palate
  4. Back - portion under soft palate
  5. Root - located in oral pharynx

** Tongue Blade, Front, and Back comprise tongue body **

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17
Q 
Tongue Landmarks:
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Dorsum: top surface of tongue
  2. Central Sulcus
  3. Lingual Frenulum: connects tongue to base of mouth
  4. Median Fibrous Septum: band of connective tissue that separates the two portions of tongue
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18
Q

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Tongue Muscles

A

Intrinsic - within tongue - change tongue shape

Extrinsic - change position/movement of tongue - anchored to bone

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19
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Superior Longitudinal
  2. Inferior Longitudinal
  3. Transverse
  4. Vertical
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20
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Superior Longitudinal
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: fibrous tissue below mucous membrane of tongue covering
insertion: lateral margins of tongue and tongue tip
course: anterior
function: elevate, assist in retraction, deviate tip of tongue

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21
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Inferior Longitudinal
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: tongue root and hyoid
insertion: tip of tongue
course: anterior
function: pull tongue tip down

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22
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Transverse
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: median fibrous septum
insertion: sides of tongue
course: transverse
function: narrow tongue

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23
Q 
Intrinsic Tongue Muscles: Vertical 
origin: 
insertion: 
course: 
function:
A

origin: base of tongue
insertion: mucous membrane
course: vertically down
function: flattens tongue

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24
Q 
Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4.
A
  1. Genioglossus
  2. Styloglossus
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Hyoglossus
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25
``` Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Genioglossus origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: inner surface of mandible at symphysis insertion: hyoid, tongue tip, dorsum course: fan-like function: brings tongue down in oral cavity just anterior contraction: retract tongue just posterior contraction: bring tongue forward *** strongest and largest extrinsic tongue muscle***
26
``` Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Styloglossus origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: styloid process of temporal bone insertion: hyoglossus, inferior longitudinal muscle, inferior side of tongue course: inferior, anterior, oblique function: draws tongue back and up
27
``` Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Palatoglossus origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: soft palate insertion: sides of posterior tongue course: inferior function: raise back of tongue
28
``` Extrinsic Tongue Muscles: Hyoglossus origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: hyoid bone insertion: sides of tongue course: vertical function: lower tongue
29
TMJ: Movements:
movements: depression, elevation, protrusion
30
Temporomandibular ligament: location: function:
location: runs from zygomatic arch to mandible function: restricts movement of TMJ
31
Stylomandibular ligament: location: function:
location: runs from styloid process to mandible function: restricts movement of TMJ
32
Age of first baby tooth: | Age of first adult tooth:
first baby tooth: 6-9 months | first adult tooth: 6-7 years
33
Age when all baby teeth have erupted: | Age when all permanent teeth have erupted;
baby teeth: 2 years | permanent teeth: 12 years (except third molars)
34
``` Mandibular Depressors: 1. 2. 3. 4. ```
1. Mylohyoid 2. Geniohyoid 3. Platysma 4. Digastricus
35
``` Mandibular Depressors: Mylohyoid origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: mylohyoid line of mandible insertion: hyoid body course: fan-like function: depress mandible
36
``` Mandibular Depressors: Geniohyoid origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: mandible insertion: hyoid body course: posterior function: depress mandible
37
Mandibular Elevators: 1. 2. 3.
1. Masseter 2. Temporalis 3. Medial Pterygoid
38
``` Mandibular Elevators: Masseter origin: insertion: course: function: ```
* **Most powerful and superficial muscle for chewing*** origin: external: zygomatic arch internal: inner surface of zygomatic arch insertion: external: angle and lateral surface of ramus internal: superior ramus and coronoid process course: external: inferior internal: posterior function: elevate mandible
39
``` Mandibular Elevators: Temporalis origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: temporal and parietal bones insertion: coronoid process and anterior ramus course: inferior function: elevate mandible
40
``` Mandibular Elevators: Medial Pterygoid origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: pterygoid process of sphenoid bone, maxilla, palatine bones insertion: interior surface of ramus course: lateral function: elevate mandible
41
Protrusion of Mandible: | 1.
1. Lateral Pterygoid
42
``` Lateral Pterygoid origin: insertion: course: function: ```
origin: pterygoid process of sphenoid, maxilla, palatine bones insertion: condylar process course: posterior function: protrusion of mandible
43
Velum: Function:
muscular valve that separates nasopharynx from oropharynx when closed
44
Hard Palate Landmarks: 1. 2.
1. Rugae - wrinkles in hard palate | 2. Midline Raphe - groove in midline of mucous membrane
45
Soft Palate Depressor Muscles: 1. 2.
1. Glossopalatine | 2. Pharyngopalatine
46
Soft Palate Elevator Muscles: 1. 2.
1. Levator Palatini - forms bulk of soft palate - very complex muscle 2. Uvular Muscle - elevation and retraction of velum
47
Soft Palate Tensor Muscle: | 1.
1. Tensor Palatini - tenses palate
48
``` Pharyngeal muscles: 1. 2. 3. Function: ```
1. Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor 2. Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor 3. Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Crucial for safe swallowing
49
Sound filter theory of vowel production 1. 2. 3.
1. Vocal Tract (vocal folds) 2. Filter (how air is filtered, airflow is constricted) 3. Resonant frequency (unique for each vowel)
50
Source Filter Theory of Speech Production 1. 2. 3.
1. Source of sound 2. Filter (stop, fricative, glide, etc.) 3. Cavity size and frequency
51
``` Phases of Swallowing: 1. 2. 3. 4. ```
1. Oral Prep- Only for solid; forms bolus (2-20 sec) (many articulators) 2. Oral--less than 1 second, when bolus reaches faucial pillars (just tongue movement) 3. Pharyngeal- starts when bolus reaches pharynx - 1 sec (pharyngeal constrictor muscles) 4. Esophageal- starts when bolus enters esophagus
52
What are two requirements for safe swallowing? 1. 2.
1. Muscle contraction | 2. Intact sensory input and feedback
53
Resonance: | Affected by:
Resonance is a natural process by which we selectively increase energy to the components of a sound Affected by volume of cavity, length of opening, area of opening
54
The vocal tract consists of: 1. 2. 3.
1. Oral Cavity 2. Pharynx 3. Nasal Cavity
55
Speech:
Most complex sequential motor task that's performed by humans. Series of linked movements requiring simultaneous control over many parameters.
56
Sensory feedback used to:
adjust movements in speech | In speech: tactile and auditory feedback are crucial
57
3 steps to speech: 1. 2. 3.
1. Concept formed 2. Language structure added 3. muscular activation
58
Coarticulation:
Overlapping effect of one articulatory gesture with another
59
Contextual speech: | Sounds per second:
running speech used in a phrase or sentence | 10-15 sounds produced per second
60
Suprasegmental features | include:
Add meaning to speech production | Includes: Prosidy (pitch, loudness, and duration variations)
61
``` How do articulators move? Lips: Mandible: Velum: Tongue: ```
Lips: round, retract Mandible: depress Velum: elevate, retract, lower Tongue: elevate/depress tip, deviate tip, protrude, retract, etc.
62
Why do articulators move? 1. 2.
1. to create a resonating cavity for vowels | 2. to create a constriction for consonants
63
Phoneme:
sound unit that conveys meaning
64
Allophone:
different pronunciation of a phoneme
65
Which system's dysfunction is most likely to impact intelligibility?
articulatory system (sound-shaping system)
66
Resonant frequency: | Is governed by:
frequency of sound to which the cavity most effectively responds the cavity's volume and length
67
Sound source Vowels: Consonant:
Vowels: always phonation (voiced) Consonants: voiced or voiceless (produced due to turbulence, ex fricatives)
68
Frequency will ______ if air volume decreases.
Increase
69
Immobile articulators:
hard palate, teeth, alveolar ridge
70
Mobile articulators:
lips, cheeks, tongue, velum, mandible
71
Which formant do we use to identify a vowel?
2nd formant
72
More muscles required for tongue movement or change of tongue shape?
tongue movement
73
``` Orbicularis Oris origin insertion course function ```
origin: corner of lips insertion: opposite corner of lips course: lateral function: pucker, close mouth

Articulation Anatomy (2 decks)

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