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N323 > Exam III--Immunity > Flashcards

Exam III--Immunity Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

Main functions of immune system, three types of immunity (+ active vs passive)

A

Defense, homeostasis, surveillance
-First: skin, tears, complement proteins
-Second: innate (NK cells, granulocytes, macrophages)
-Third: acquired antibodies (B/T lymphocytes)

active acquired–body makes antibodies
-passive acquired–receiving antibodies

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2
Q

3 Lines of defense

A

-Skin: mucous, flora, complement proteins
-Cells-innate: NK cells, granulocytes, macrophages
-Antibodies-specific: B/T lymphocytes

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3
Q

Antigens _______ the immune system, unless they are ________ to the body

A

activate, indigenous

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4
Q

Lymph production includes ______ _______ and the _______. PLOs include…

A

-Bone marrow, thymus
PLOs: tonsils, lymph nodes, spleen…

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5
Q

B lymphocytes mature in…
T lymphocytes mature in…

A

-bone marrow
-thymus

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6
Q

Nursing assessment for altered immunity

A

-Hx w/ allergies
-Mucous membranes
-Facial swellinng
-Res: wheezing, stridor

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7
Q

High eosinophil count (in serum or sputum/secretions) indicates

A

-Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
-parasite invasion

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8
Q

High CRP and ESR indicate

A

autoimmune inflammation

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9
Q

Describe challenge tests

A

eating a food that may cause anaphylaxis (??) under clinical supervision to observe reaction

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10
Q

Steps of anaphylaxis treatment

A

-recognize
-maintain patent airway
-give drugs (IM epinephrine, high flow O2, Albuterol, Diphen, corticosteroids)
-shock treatment (elevate legs, fluid bolus, meds to increase BP)
-reflect–how can we prevent in future
-carry epi everywhere

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11
Q

Types of hypersensitivity reactions

A

Type 1: Atopic/anaphylactic
Type 2: Cytotoxic
Type 3: Immune mediated
Type 4: Delayed

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12
Q

Epinephrine MOA, use

A

MOA: vasoconstrict, relax bronchial sm muscle
use: anaphylaxis

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13
Q

Sudafed use, how long does it last?

A

-allergic rhinitis
-lasts hours

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14
Q

Corticosteroids use

A

Prednisone: anaphylaxis

Flonase, nasocort, fluticasone: allergic rhinitis

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15
Q

Topical antipruritic example, use

A

Ex: hydrocortisone/calamine lotion
Use: dermatitis, urticaria

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16
Q

A CBC with WBC differential shows a patient has low lymphocytes. This indicates…

A

immunodeficiency

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17
Q

Mast-stabilizing drugs are used to treat

A

allergic rhinitis

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18
Q

Leukotriene receptor antagonists are used to treat

A

asthma, allergic rhinitis

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19
Q

Immunotherapy for allergies is ______- term, and helps reduce ________ of _________.

A

-long term
-symptoms of allergies

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20
Q

Describe the ‘onboarding’ process of immunotherapy

Study These Flashcards
A

-SC or SL allergy extract
-build up phase: 3-6 months
-Maintenance phase: 3-5 years

21
Q

Latex allergies cause a type ___ reaction.

Study These Flashcards
A

-can be both type I and type IV!
-Type I: allergy to natural rubber latex proteins–within minutes, more systematic
-Type IV: allergy to chemicals used in glove manufacturing–within 12-48 hours, more local

22
Q

If someone has anaphylactic reaction to banana, avocado, chestnut, kiwi, peach, grape, apricot, potato, or hazelnut, they might have ________-________ ____________.

Study These Flashcards
A

latex-food syndrome

23
Q

Rheumatoid factor, western blot, ELISA, and TORCH tests are _________-specific _______ tests.

Study These Flashcards
A

disease-specific blood tests

24
Q

Secondary prevention

Study These Flashcards
A

screenings (high risk behavior, substance abuse, genetic testing)

25
Diphen, an ____________, is often used to treat rhinitis, _________, and _________.
-antihistamine -urticaria -anaphylaxis (IV)
26
Name the hypersensitivity reaction: antigen --> B cell phagocytosis --> IgE attaches to mast cells, basophils Give examples.
Type 1, anaphylactic/atopic -Anaphylaxis; atopic... allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, asthma, urticaria, angioedema
27
Name the hypersensitivity reaction: IgG and IgM bind to antigen --> complement system phagocytosis/cytosis --> cell death and clotting Give examples.
Type 2, cytotoxic -Hemolytic blood transfusion reaction -Good pasture syndrome (lung/kidney bleeding)
28
Name the hypersensitivity reaction: antigens, IgG, and IgM form complexes that build up in kidneys/joints Give examples.
-Type 3, immune-complex mediated -Lupus, glomerulonephritis, RA
29
Name the hypersensitivity reaction: -T cells attack antigens --> cytokine release --> macrophages release damaging enzymes -takes 1-2 days Give examples.
-Type 4, delayed -Contact dermatitis, transplant rejection, TB caseous necrosis
30
Immunotherapy is used to manage _________ ___________. Describe SC vs SL forms.
-allergy symptoms -SC: 3-6 mo buildup, 3-5 year maintenance -SL: daily pollen/grass/pollen tablet, first does in clinic
31
Dopamine might be given during anaphylaxis in order to....
increase BP (if in shock)
32
granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils), monocytes, and lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) are all _________.
leukocytes (WBCs)
33
Splenectomy might result in reduced number of Ig__ antibodies, but Ig__ and Ig__ will remain normal.
IgM, -IgE -IgA
34
NK cells kill...
-virus infected cells -tumors -transplanted organs/skin
35
T helper cells ________ and create _________
divide, cytokines
36
Dendritic cells capture antigens at the _______ parts of the body
external
37
Interluekin, interferons, TNF, colony stimulating factors, and epo , all _________, are the ________ of the cells
cytokines, messengers
38
Interleukin function
modulate/weaken immune system--immunocompromisors
39
Interferon function
Produce anti viral effect ("interfere" with viruses")
40
TNF function
pro-inflammatory (leads to immune disease)
41
Colony-stimulating factor function
regulates stem cell growth
42
IgM function
primary immune response
43
IgG function
secondary immune response
44
IgA function
protects mucous membranes
45
IgD function
B cell differentiation
46
IgE function
allergic response
47
B cells respond when an individual is ______ exposed to an antigen
first
48
Ig__ and Ig__ are present at birth Ig__ is the only one that crosses the placenta
-IgG, IgM -IgG
49
In older adults, the thymus gland _______, and they will have diminished __________ reactions. They also have a worse response to ________.
-shrinks -diminished hypersensitivity reactions -vaccines

N323 (9 decks)

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